Nephroprotective effect of mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) on rats induced by doxorubicin

Chronic kidney disease in the world is currently experiencing an increase and become a serious health problem. Doxorubicin clinical efficacy is hampered by dose-related organotoxic (heart, liver, and kidney) potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of mengkudu fruit ethanol extract against the rats induced by doxorubicin. Mengkudu fruit ethanol extract was obtained by maceration. Nephroprotective activity test is done by measuring urea and creatinine. Animals were induced with doxorubicin (DOX) 5 mg/kgbw on day 1, 7, 14 and 20th. Administration of mengkudu extract 100 mg/kgbw, 300 mg/kgbw, and 500 mg/kgbw given from day 1 to day 20 and on the 21st day blood serum levels of urea and creatinine. Mengkudu dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kgbw and 500 mg/kgbw have nephroprotective activity against male rats induced by doxorubicin. The effective dose of mengkudu as nephroprotective is at a dose of 500 mg/kgbw with a serum creatinine level of 0.570 ± 0.030 mg/dl and a serum urea level of 28.333 ± 6.210 mg/dl which shows a significant difference (p <0.05) of negative controls and not significantly different (p> 0.05) from positive control (Vitamin E). In the positive control group and the administration of mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw, the kidney tissue appeared normal. In the treatment group, mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw did not occur kidney tissue damage because mengkudu was able to repair kidney damage due to doxorubicin induction.

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The Effect of Tempeh Gembus Variations to Serum Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Serum Levels of Fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley Rats with Aterogenic Diet

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ◽

10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Partika Kharunia Dewi ◽

Diana Nur Afifah ◽

Ninik Rustanti ◽

Mohammad Sulchan ◽

Gemala Anjani

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are widespread and causes many deaths in the world. The concentration of acute phase protein: C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen will rise dramatically when inflammation happens, which that can be used as an early marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Tempeh gembus contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids and isoflavones are believed to reduce the inflammatory reaction. The aim of the study was to determinate the effect of tempeh gembus variations to levels of hcCRP and levels of fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley rats with atherogenic diet. Material and methods: This study was quasi-experimental with posttest only randomized control group design using 35 Sprague Dawley mice. The rats were randomized into 5 groups: negative control group given the standard diet, the positive control group given standard diet and atherogenic diet, and three treatment groups were given the standard diet, atherogenic diet and variation of tempeh gembus (tempeh gembus, heated tempeh gembus and tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme) for 28 days. Serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen examined using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Results and conclusions: The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment for hsCRP serum level indicated a significant difference (p=0.028) between the negative control group, positive control group and first group with the third group. Fibrinogen serum levels showed significant differences in all treatment groups (p =0.042), administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment is shown by a significant difference between the negative control group and the positive control group with third group. The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme for 28 days can reduce the serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen on rats significantly.

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Effect of Hyper and Hypothyroidism on Lipid Profile and Liver Function of Male Rats

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.8.4.926-933 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 926-933

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Significant Difference

This study was designed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone disturbance on lipids profiles and liver functions. Eighteen mature male rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups. The first and the second groups were injected subcutaneously with thyroxine (T4) and carbimazol (both at 600 µg/kg BW) respectively on alternate days, to produce recurrent periods of hyper and hypothyroidism .The control group which is the third group was injected with physiological saline. The process continued 4 weeks, after that, injection, blood specimens were collected to estimate serum levels of T3 and T4, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were determined in the serum. In addition to that, we measure GOT, GPT and CPK enzymes activity. The results showed no significant difference in body weight and a significant increase (P

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Biomarkers and Mechanism Analysis for Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata-Induced Liver Injury by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/7677392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Liming Wang ◽

Zhida Wang ◽

Yanchao Xing ◽

Erwei Liu ◽

Xiumei Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Control Group ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Polygonum Multiflorum ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Injury Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney

Background. Polygonum Multiflorum Radix Preparata (PMP), prepared from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), is traditionally valued for its liver and kidney-tonifying effects. However, the previous studies showed that PMP was hepatotoxic, which limited its clinical use. Unfortunately, the potential hepatotoxic ingredients and the molecular mechanism are still uncertain. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out potential biomarkers of hepatotoxicity using metabolomics profile. Materials and Methods. 60% ethanol extract of PMP (PMPE) was prepared. Subsequently, an untargeted metabolomics technology in combination with ROC curve analysis method was applied to investigate the alteration of plasma metabolites in rats after oral administration of PMPE (40 g/kg/d) for 28 days. Results. Compared to the control group, the significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed in the PMPE-induced liver injury group, and sixteen highly specific biomarkers were identified. These metabolites were mainly enriched into bile acids, lipids, and energy metabolisms, indicating that PMPE-induced liver injury could be related to cholestasis and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Conclusions. This study is contributed to understand the potential pathogenesis of PMP-induced liver injury. The metabonomic method may be a valuable tool for the clinical diagnosis of PMP-induced liver injury.

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Incision Wound Healing Test of Ethanolic Extract Gel from Salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst.] Mabb.) Leaves in Male Rats

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 776-781

Author(s):

Nilsya Zebua ◽

Muharni Saputri ◽

Winda Giovana Sijabat ◽

Inda Aristika Sri Retno Wulandari ◽

Ira Nofriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Positive Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The One ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Incision Wound

BACKGROUND: An incision wound is a wound caused by a sharp object. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for an incision wound is salaon leaves. The prepared form chosen is the gel because it is easy to use and its distribution is faster on the skin. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore whether salaon leaf extract gel meets the quality evaluation requirements and to know the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst] Mabb.) leaves to cure a scar on male rats. METHODS: Experimental method with salaon leaves as sample. Simplicia of salaon leaves extracted by maceration method, and then arenga gum gel-based formulation, afterward evaluation, and testing of its effectiveness on the healing of incision wound of male rats. Normal data were analyzed by the One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. Kruskal-Wallis test used for abnormal data. RESULTS: The whole formula shows homogenous results, normal pH, stability, dissemination and good viscosity, less irritating, and with good adhesion. The results of a statistical analysis of the wound on the 8th day with ANOVA test indicate a significant difference between the five groups p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and Post-Hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference test results obtained a concentration of 5% not significantly different from the positive control Placenta extract gel. The optimum dose that can heal incision wound in male rats is 5%. CONCLUSION: The whole formulation qualifies for the quality of the gel formulation. Ethanol extract gel of salaon leaves can heal wound on male rats and the optimal dose is 5%.

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Comparative assessment on the probable mechanisms underlying the hepatorenal toxicity of commercial imidacloprid and hexaflumuron formulations in rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-18486-z ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Eman I. Hassanen ◽

Ahmed M. Hussien ◽

Sally Mehanna ◽

Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽

Neven H. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Kidney Tissue ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Saline Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Apoptosis Pathway ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group 2 ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Tissue Specimens

Abstract Pesticides are viewed as a major wellspring of ecological contamination and causing serious risky consequences for people and animals. Imidacloprid (IM) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are extensively utilized insect poisons for crop assurance on the planet. A few investigations examined IM harmfulness in rodents, but its exact mechanism hasn’t been mentioned previously as well as the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. For this reason, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism of each IM and HFM–evoked rat liver and kidney toxicity and to understand its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, as follows: group (1), normal saline; group (2), IM; and group (3), HFM. Both insecticides were orally administered every day for 28 days at a dose equal to 1/10 LD50 from the active ingredient. After 28 days postdosing, rats were anesthetized to collect blood samples then euthanized to collect liver and kidney tissue specimens. The results showed marked changes in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement with a significant reduction in rats’ body weight in both IM and HFM receiving groups. Significant increases in MDA levels and decrease of GHS levels were recorded in liver and kidney homogenates of either IM or HFM groups. Liver and kidney tissues obtained from both pesticide receiving groups showed extensive histopathological alterations with a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. In addition, there was upregulation of the transcript levels of casp-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong immunopositivity of casp-3, TNF-ὰ, and NF-KB protein expressions in the liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IM or HFM compared with the control group. In all studied parameters, HFM caused hepatorenal toxicity more than those induced by IM. We can conclude that each IM and HFM provoked liver and kidneys damage through overproduction of ROS, activation of NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

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Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Ethanolic Extract on the Liver and Kidney Function of Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/7970424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Irma Seriana ◽

Muslim Akmal ◽

Darusman Darusman ◽

Sri Wahyuni ◽

Khairan Khairan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Tropical Plants ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Liver And Kidney

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is one of the tropical plants found in Indonesia that has been used to prevent and treat various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of neem leaves on the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine in male rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3) with 6 rats in each group. T0 is the control group, and T1, T2, and T3 are the treatment groups that were administered 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight of neem leaf ethanolic extracts for 48 days, respectively. On day 49, blood samples were collected to measure the concentration of AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea followed by an evaluation of liver and kidney histology. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of neem leaves did not affect the concentration of AST, ALT, and creatinine, The ethanol leaves reduced extract on the urea concentration, no abnormal changes were observed in the liver and kidney organs. In the future, it is required to carry out a comprehensive safety evaluation of the neem leaf ethanol extract for herbal medicines.

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Effects of Cyclosporine Therapy on Liver and Kidney Retrieval in Poisoned Male Rats by Mesobuthus eupeus Scorpion Venom

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/ircmj.101105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Zangiabadi ◽

Shahrokh Navidpour ◽

Hossein Zolfagharian ◽

Gholamhassan Vaezi

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Male Rats ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Control Group ◽

Scorpion Sting ◽

Apoptosis Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney

Background: Mesobuthus eupeus venom is a member of Buthidae family, which can enter the blood circulation exerting detrimental effects on body organs, such as the liver and kidney through inflammation. Cyclosporine, known as an anti-inflammatory drug, is used to treat many inflammation-associated diseases. Objectives: In this study, cyclosporine was selected to inhibit the scorpion toxin effects on rat organs. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran, from June to November 2019. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10, including the control (10 mg/kg olive oil i.p), M. eupeus venom (10 mg/kg i.p.), cyclosporine 10 mg/kg (venom 10 mg/kg for 30 min i.p followed by cyclosporine 10/kg mg for 7 day i.p.), cyclosporine 20 mg/kg (venom 10 mg/kg for 30 min i.p followed by cyclosporine 20 mg/kg for 7 day i.p.), and cyclosporine 30 mg/kg (venom 10 mg/kg for 30 min i.p followed by cyclosporine 30 mg/kg for 7 day i.p.). After treatment with cyclosporine, the liver and kidney function was analyzed by calculating some biochemical enzymes, including serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, and urea via ELISA and spectrophotometry. Then, to determine the rate of apoptosis in tissue, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method was done. Results: At the end of the study, the results showed a significant elevation in SGPT (164.5 ± 10 vs. 126.2 ± 7, P < 0.0001), SGOT (190.37 ± 11 vs. 148 ± 10, P < 0.0001), NO (24.4 ± 1.17 vs. 17.4 ± 1.4, P = 0.02), and MDA (0.42 ± 0.05 vs. 0.22 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) in the venom group compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the urea, IL-2, and creatinine between the venom and control groups. However, the group receiving cyclosporine (30 mg/kg) showed a significant decline in SGPT (96.42 ± 5.7 vs. 164.5 ± 10, P < 0.0001), SGOT (144.57 ± 9.24 vs. 190.37 ± 11, P < 0.0001), urea (28.83 ± 1.32 vs. 38.83 ± 1.6, P = 0.00), creatinine (0.023 ± 0.01vs. 0.29 ± 0.005, P < 0.0001), and MDA (0.10 ± 0.01 vs. 0.42 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001), as well as increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.05), compared with the venom group. No significant difference was observed between the cyclosporine and venom groups in NO and IL-2. Conclusions: Cyclosporine at a dose of 30 mg was able to decrease inflammatory responses and induce apoptosis rate. Therefore, it could be a suitable drug for patients bitten by a scorpion sting.

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Difference in Level of Malondialdehyde, Total Cholesterol, and Triglyceride After Administration of Passion Fruit Seed’s Ethanol Extract in Wistar Rats

10.20944/preprints201907.0179.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dina Keumala Sari ◽

Marianne Marianne ◽

Sri Lestari ◽

Lidya Imelda Laksmi

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Preclinical Trial ◽

Significant Difference

High oxidative stress in cells due to inflammation process or excessive cell proliferation would produce oxidants or free radicals with biomarkers, one of which is malondialdehyde (MDA). Passion fruit seed’s contain high antioxidant and are expected to decrease the level of cholesterol and MDA. The objective is to identify the effect of passion fruit seed’s ethanol extract in Wistar rats that have been fed with atherogenic feed. The method was preclinical trial (post-test control group design) in rats, by administering passion fruit seed’s ethanol extract for 14 days. This study used 26 male rats aged two months, divided into 5 groups. The result showed significant difference in MDA level which was found in group that was given passion fruit seed extract 10mg/kg BW with positive control group that was given standard feed. Passion fruit seed’s extract showed significant difference in level of triglyceride, which was found in negative control group that was given atherogenic feed with group that was given passion fruit seed’s extract 5mg/kg BW (mean±standard deviation: 1.09±0.30 mg/dL vs 0.77±0.25mg/dL; p=0.048). This study showed that passion fruit seed’s ethanol extract had significant lowering effect in level of MDA, total cholesterol, and triglyceride for 14 days.

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Potency of Sunkist Orange (Citrus sinensisL. Osbeck) against Kidney Histology of White Wistar Rats Induced by Gentamicin

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.49107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Masdalena Nasution ◽

Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽

Edy Fachrial ◽

I Nyoman Ehrich Lister

Keyword(s):

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Nephroprotective Activity ◽

Histopathological Results

About 1.7%-58% of all cases of acute kidney failure are caused by gentamicin nephrotoxicity and consequently increasing urea and creatinine levels in the blood which are indications of damage to function. Oranges contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarin, limonoid, keratinoid and essential oil that have pharmacological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and also nephroprotector. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of Citrus sinensis peel ethanol extract (EEKJS) on rats induced by gentamicin. Rats were induced using gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally on the 7th day after induced at a dose of 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW for 7 days. The results obtained from the ethanol extract of Citrus sinensis peel gave nephroprotective with the lowest serum creatinine and urea levels at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW which was 0.4±0.02 mg/dl and 43.33 ± 2.51 mg/dl and difference significantly (p<0.05) with a positive control group which was only induced by gentamicin and histopathological results showed significant cell damage in the positive control group that was only induced by gentamicin, and in the 50 mg/kgBW dose group, 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW had cell repair after gentamicin induction. Citrus sinensis are highly recommended to be a food supplement for kidney protection.

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UJI ANTI INFLAMASI SECARA TOPIKAL EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN

Andalas Dental Journal ◽

10.25077/adj.v5i1.77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112

Author(s):

Muhammad Islamoyo ◽

Yufri Aldi ◽

Surya Nelis

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Edema Fluid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammation

Inflammation is a tissue response towards damaging physical or chemical stimulations. One local sign of inflammation is edema (tumor). Usage of natural herbal medicine has become an alternative way to prevent inflammation. The extract of umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) has anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. This study is to determine the anti-inflammation effect of the topical application of Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack ethanol extract. This study used 28 white male rats previously induced with carragenin 2% b/v 0,5ml and divided into 4 treatment groups. Groups 1,2 dan 3 were given the ethanol extract with a concentration of 0,5 %; 1%; 2% respectively after induction and on 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first application. Group 4 was the untreated control group. Each treatment group were extracted for their inflammation exudate fluid from their backs using a 1 ml syringe. Edema fluid volume was measured. The results showed a decrease of edema fluid volume on all treatment groups. Statistical data analysis showed a significant difference between group 2 and the negative control; also between group 3 and the negative control. In conclusion, the topical ethanol extract of Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack can reduce inflammation reactions. Keywords: Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack, anti-inflammation, topical, edema fluid volume

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