Incision Wound Healing Test of Ethanolic Extract Gel from Salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst.] Mabb.) Leaves in Male Rats

BACKGROUND: An incision wound is a wound caused by a sharp object. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for an incision wound is salaon leaves. The prepared form chosen is the gel because it is easy to use and its distribution is faster on the skin. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore whether salaon leaf extract gel meets the quality evaluation requirements and to know the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst] Mabb.) leaves to cure a scar on male rats. METHODS: Experimental method with salaon leaves as sample. Simplicia of salaon leaves extracted by maceration method, and then arenga gum gel-based formulation, afterward evaluation, and testing of its effectiveness on the healing of incision wound of male rats. Normal data were analyzed by the One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. Kruskal-Wallis test used for abnormal data. RESULTS: The whole formula shows homogenous results, normal pH, stability, dissemination and good viscosity, less irritating, and with good adhesion. The results of a statistical analysis of the wound on the 8th day with ANOVA test indicate a significant difference between the five groups p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and Post-Hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference test results obtained a concentration of 5% not significantly different from the positive control Placenta extract gel. The optimum dose that can heal incision wound in male rats is 5%. CONCLUSION: The whole formulation qualifies for the quality of the gel formulation. Ethanol extract gel of salaon leaves can heal wound on male rats and the optimal dose is 5%.

Download Full-text

Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Antirheumatoid Artritis pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Complete Freund’s Adjuvants (CFA)

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2020.v6.i1.14581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

Sitti Amirah ◽

Aulia Wati ◽

Bayu Putra ◽

Fitri Wasto Alani

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

The Difference ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The One ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is an chronic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by inflammation and degradation of the joints and cartilages. Rheumatoid therapy is currently using immunosuppressant drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Treatment of chronic rheumatoid can trigger side effects. Syzygium polyanthum leaves contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and essential oils consist of citral and eugenol which are thought to be potential as antirheumatoid. This study aims to determine the effect antirheumatoid arthritis and effective dose of ethanol extracts of Syzygium polyanthum leaf. This study used 15 male rats. Treatment started by measuring foot volume using a pletismometer and then inducting CFA intraplantary as much as 0,1 mL on day 1 and left until day 16th. On the day 17th a foot volume and arthritis index was measured and then treated until the day 30th. The animals were divided into 5 groups: negative control (Na. CMC 1%), positive control (methylprednisolone dose 1.646 mg / kg BW), ethanol extractof Syzygium polyanthum leaf at a dose of 75 mg / kg, 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. On the day 31st, foot volume and arthritis index measurements were taken again. The results showed a decrease in foot volume and arthritis index after given of the extract. Foot volume difference data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. The difference between the arthritis index data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical results show that positive control has the same effect as extract (P> 0.05). Based on the results of statistical analysis of inflammation of the foot volume and the arthritis index shows that the ethanol extract of Syzygium polyanthum leaf had an effect as an antirheumatoid arthritis

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP KADAR MDA YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada ◽

10.34035/jk.v12i1.580 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Yuni Asri Mulatsih Agami ◽

Eka Wisnu Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Negative Group ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dose Combination

Kasus penyakit hati semakin meningkat seiring penggunaan senyawa hepatotoksin salah satunya karena penggunaan parasetamol dengan dosis berlebih. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas sehingga memicu terjadinya stress oksidatif yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA). Stress oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan antioksidan dari berbagai tanaman. Kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 53ppm dan daun pandan wangi 39,7% Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dalam menurunkan kadar MDA. tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental, dilakukan selama 9 hari dengan 30 ekor tikus jantan dibagi menjadi 6 Kelompok, yaitu: Normal diberi aquadest, Kontrol Positif diberi silimarin 100 mg/kgBB, Kontrol Negatif diberi CMC-Na 0,05%, serta 3 kelompok lainnya diberi kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan wangi:kayu manis berturut-turut dosis I (25:75), dosis II (50:50), dosis III (75:25). Semua kelompok diinduksi parasetamol 2,5 g/kgBB pada hari ke-7 setelah 30 menit perlakuan, kecuali kelompok normal. Pada hari ke 9 dilakukan pengukuran kadar MDA dengan metode TBARs menggunakan spektrofotometri. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dengan kombinasi dosis yang paling optimal adalah 75:25 berdasarkan statistik dengan nilai signifikan 0,000<0,05 dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif. Cases of liver disease have increased with the use of hepatotoxin compounds, one of which is due to the use of paracetamol with excessive doses. This can increase the production of free radicals so that it triggers oxidative stress which can cause tissue damage which is characterized by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress can be overcome with antioxidants from various plants. Cinnamomum burmanii has antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 53ppm and Pandanus amarrylifolius 39.7%. This study aims to determine the combined activity of ethanol extract of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii in reducing MDA levels. Paracetamol-induced rats. Research using experimental methods, conducted for 9 days with 30 male rats divided into 6 groups, namely: Normal given aquadest, Positive Control were given silimarin 100 mg / kgBB, Negative Control was given CMC-Na 0.05%, and 3 other groups were given a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius extract: Cinnamomum burmanii dose I (25:75), dose II (50:50), dose III (75:25). All groups induced paracetamol 2.5 g / kgBB on the 7th day after 30 minutes of treatment, except the normal group. On the 9th day MDA levels were measured using the TBARs method using spectrophotometry. Giving a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii ethanol extract can reduce MDA levels with the most optimal dose combination is 75:25 based on statistics with a significant value of 0,000<0.05 compared with the negative group.

Download Full-text

UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik ◽

10.31942/jiffk.v16i02.3231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽

Rina Ayu Krismonikawati

Keyword(s):

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Test Material ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Flavonoid Compounds ◽

The One ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Solanum Betaceum

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin 1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25 mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW) and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70 mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin, the greater the anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) Extract towards Wound Healing in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal ◽

10.21776/ub.vetbioclinj.2020.002.02.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Ratna Widyawati ◽

◽

H. Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽

Reissa Yunia ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Positive Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Wound Fluid ◽

Turmeric Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Channa Striata ◽

The One

This study aimed to determine the effect of snakehead fish extracts (Channa striata) and turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) towards incision wound healing in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-four male rats, aged 8-week-old, 200-300 grams of body weight divided into 4 groups: control (P0), treatment with povidone iodine as positive control (P1), treatment with snakehead fish extract (P2) and treatment with turmeric extract (P3). The rats were given premedication consisting of acepromazine 0.5 mg kg / BW and atropine 10 mg / kg BW. The rats were then anesthetized using ketamine 0.1 mg / kg BW. An incision was made on each rats’ back area along 2 cm with 0.05 mm depth and observed for 14 days. Observations were carried out every day with data collection at <7 days, 7-14 days, and 14 days. The One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis resulted that the wound fluid parameters and the duration of wound healing showed no significant difference between P0, P1, P2 and P3. This study concluded that the administration of povidone iodine, snakehead fish extract, and turmeric extract influenced the healing of incision wounds in rats.

Download Full-text

Nephroprotective effect of mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) on rats induced by doxorubicin

Journal of Inventions in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/jibps.v5i2.1437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Rosnizar ◽

Nyoman Ehrich Lister I ◽

Edy Fachrial ◽

Shahna ◽

Sukirman Lie

Keyword(s):

Kidney Tissue ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Positive Control ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Nephroprotective Activity

Chronic kidney disease in the world is currently experiencing an increase and become a serious health problem. Doxorubicin clinical efficacy is hampered by dose-related organotoxic (heart, liver, and kidney) potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of mengkudu fruit ethanol extract against the rats induced by doxorubicin. Mengkudu fruit ethanol extract was obtained by maceration. Nephroprotective activity test is done by measuring urea and creatinine. Animals were induced with doxorubicin (DOX) 5 mg/kgbw on day 1, 7, 14 and 20th. Administration of mengkudu extract 100 mg/kgbw, 300 mg/kgbw, and 500 mg/kgbw given from day 1 to day 20 and on the 21st day blood serum levels of urea and creatinine. Mengkudu dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kgbw and 500 mg/kgbw have nephroprotective activity against male rats induced by doxorubicin. The effective dose of mengkudu as nephroprotective is at a dose of 500 mg/kgbw with a serum creatinine level of 0.570 ± 0.030 mg/dl and a serum urea level of 28.333 ± 6.210 mg/dl which shows a significant difference (p <0.05) of negative controls and not significantly different (p> 0.05) from positive control (Vitamin E). In the positive control group and the administration of mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw, the kidney tissue appeared normal. In the treatment group, mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw did not occur kidney tissue damage because mengkudu was able to repair kidney damage due to doxorubicin induction.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Effects of Calotropisgigantea (L) Extracts on Porphyromonasgingivalis

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.48.111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 111-118

Author(s):

Zulfan M. Alibasyah ◽

D.S. Ningsih ◽

Sunnati ◽

R. Andayani ◽

N.P. Ranggaswuni

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Test Results ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The One ◽

Dominant Bacteria ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Potential Test ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The Porphyromonasgingivalis is one of the dominant bacteria that causes chronic periodontitis. These bacteria can penetrate the gingiva and cause tissue damage directly or indirectly with the induction of inflammation. The growth of Porphyromonasgingivalis can be inhibited by administrating the active compounds from plants that have an antibacterial effect such as Calotropisgigantea leaves.This study aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of Bidurileaves (Calotropisgigantea) extract against the Porphyromonasgingivalis ATCC. In this study the Biduri leaves were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The antibacterial potential test of 70% ethanol extract of Biduri leaves (with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%) against thePorphyromonasgingivalis was carried out using dilution method with 4 times repetition on Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) media.The results of the study were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test showing there were significant differences in the number of Porphyromonasgingivalis ATCC 33277 colonies due to administration of 70% ethanol extract of Bidurileaves (Calotropisgigantea) with p values <0,05. The test results were continued with the Post Hoc Tamhane test to determine the significant difference of the treatment groups. Based on the results of the study it could be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of Biduri leaves (Calotropisgigantea) had antibacterial potential against Porphyromonasgingivalis ATCC 33277 starting from the smallest concentration of 5% to the highest concentration of 35%.

Download Full-text

Uji Aktivitas Antelmintik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schott) Secara In Vitro

Talenta Conference Series Tropical Medicine (TM) ◽

10.32734/tm.v1i3.268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 090-094

Author(s):

Masfria Masfria ◽

Syaiful Amri Lubis ◽

Lenny Lenny

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Pyrantel Pamoate ◽

Parasitic Worm ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Kecacingan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di dunia. Munculnya strain cacing parasit yang resisten terhadap antelmintik menyebabkan pengobatan kecacingan menjadi sulit. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengujian sumber antelmintik baru. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui skrining simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.)Schoot).Ekstrak didapatkan dengan mengekstraksi serbuk simplisia daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) dengan etanol 80% secara maserasi. Uji aktivitas antelmintik menggunakan cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Pirantel pamoat dengan konsentrasi 20 mg/mL digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga ditentukan berdasarkan waktu paralisis dan lisis Pheretima hupiensis. Hasil pengujian serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.) Schoot) memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis pada konsentrasi 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL mampu membunuh cacing dengan waktu berturut-turut adalah 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 menit. Kelompok kontrol positif (pirantel pamoat) memiliki waktu kematian 107,64 menit sedangkan control negatif memberikan hasil negatif. Analisis statistika waktu kematian cacing dengan uji Tukey menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan dengan nilai p<0,05. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) mempunyai daya antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Aktivitas antelmintik meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak ethanol daun ekor naga. Worms are a health problem in the world. The emergence of parasitic worm strains that are resistant to anthelmintics makes worm treatment difficult. Therefore it is necessary to find new anthelmintic agent. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical screening pf dried powder materialand extract as well as the antelmintic activity of ethanol extract of ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot). The extract was obtained by maceration of dried powder of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves using ethanol 80%. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Pheretima Hupiensis. Pyrantel pamoate with a concentration of 20 mg/mL was used as a positive control. The anthelmintic activity of Ekor Naga leaves ethanol extract was performed based on time of paralysis and lyse of Pheretima Hupiensis. The phytochemical screening of dried powder material and extract of Ekor naga leaves ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroid/triterpenoid. The ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) displayed the anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis with concentrations of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL that were able to destroy worms within 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 minutes, respectively. Positive control (pyrantel pamoate) induced worm mortality in 107,64 minutes meanwhile negative control did not induce mortality. Statistical analysis of worm mortality time by post hoc Tukey showed that there was a significant difference with p<0,05. Ethanol extract of Ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves demonstrated anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis. Anthelmintic activity increased with increasing concentrations of ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves

Download Full-text

UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik ◽

10.31942/jiffk.v16i02.3120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽

Rina Ayu Krismonikawati

Keyword(s):

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Test Material ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Flavonoid Compounds ◽

The One ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Solanum Betaceum

Download Full-text

Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00907 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5213-5216

Author(s):

Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽

Dytha Andri Deswati

Keyword(s):

Reduction Method ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Antipyretic Activity ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is used as an analgesic and antipyretic by the Indonesian people, empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic and antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of sapan wood leaves in Webster mice as experimental animals. The writhing method was used to determine the analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced mice with mefenamic acid as a positive control. The temperature reduction method was used to determine the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced mice with paracetamol as a positive control. One-way ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis, followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Phytochemical screening showed that sappan wood contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. The optimum dose of analgesic and antipyretic activity was 6.3 mg and 8.4 mg/20 g BW of mice, respectively. The conclusion was ethanolic extract of sappan wood leaves has analgesic and antipyretic activities.

Download Full-text

Efek Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Topikal terhadap Jumlah PMN Neutrofil pada Tikus Jantan Sprague Dawley

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v8i3.644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Gita Susanti

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

T Test ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Levene Test ◽

Incision Wound

<p class="Body">The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of binahong leaf extract ointment topically in a new incision wound healing compared to povidone iodine ointment. An experimental study was in vivo and was carried out using pre- and post-test group design from March to April 2015. The subject of the study was 30 Sprague Dawley White Male Rats divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was given base ointment, group 2 was given povidone iodine ointment, group 3 was given binahong leaf extract ointment 10%, group 4 was given binahong leaf extract ointment 20%, group 5 was given binahong leaf extract ointment 40%. The ointment was given 4 hours after incisions. The study data were tested with Levene Test, paired sample t-test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc test using SPSS program version 20. The average concentrate of neutrophils before and after treatment with paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Effectivity test between groups with independent t-test showed a significant difference except on a positive control group and binahong leaf extract 40%, Post Hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between applying binahong leaf extract ointment and povidone iodine ointment. In conclusion, binahong leaf extract ointment 40% has an anti-inflammatory effect in decreasing 81.25% of PMN neutrophil on incision wound but it less than povidone iodine ointment in decreasing 84.64% of PMN neutrophil.</p>

Download Full-text