scholarly journals Definition in testing for the probability of exit of the aircraft in informational contact with air objects

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
A. A. Tikhonov ◽  
D. S. Merencov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Information Contact ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Theoretical Test ◽  
The Given

The article presents a methodology for determining the probability of aircraft information contacting airborne objects within flight test procedures. The methodology is based on the experimental-theoretical test method, based on the application of mathematical modeling. The technique differs from the known ones in that it uses modern information technologies, and the adopted mathematical model is implemented in the form of a computer program. In addition, detecting the given performance indicator in flight experiments is inappropriate because of significant resource costs. This technique is suitable for practical testing purposes and allows determining the aircraft efficiency index when searching air objects – the probability of an information contact with a typical air facility. The presented computer program provides the performance of calculations of the output index for different values and combinations of factors influencing the result. The simulation was performed and the probabilities of the aircraft information contact with typical airborne objects under given conditions were obtained. The results of the influence research on the probability of groups of factors outlet into information contact: the aircraft and the air object characteristics, the quality of the initial information about it, search conditions are presented. As a result of the work, the main regularities are established when solving the problem of the aircraft information contact with an air object. The computer program created within the methodology framework has a modern graphical interface and allows reducing the time spent by the researcher on the processing of test results. The developed technique allows performing a comparative assessment of the aircraft capabilities to detect airborne objects in tests.

scholarly journals Laboratory Test to Evaluate the Resistance of Cementitious Materials to Biodeterioration in Sewer Network Conditions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Amr Aboulela ◽  
Matthieu Peyre Lavigne ◽  
Amaury Buvignier ◽  
Marlène Fourré ◽  
Maud Schiettekatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Wide Range

The biodeterioration of cementitious materials in sewer networks has become a major economic, ecological, and public health issue. Establishing a suitable standardized test is essential if sustainable construction materials are to be developed and qualified for sewerage environments. Since purely chemical tests are proven to not be representative of the actual deterioration phenomena in real sewer conditions, a biological test–named the Biogenic Acid Concrete (BAC) test–was developed at the University of Toulouse to reproduce the biological reactions involved in the process of concrete biodeterioration in sewers. The test consists in trickling a solution containing a safe reduced sulfur source onto the surface of cementitious substrates previously covered with a high diversity microbial consortium. In these conditions, a sulfur-oxidizing metabolism naturally develops in the biofilm and leads to the production of biogenic sulfuric acid on the surface of the material. The representativeness of the test in terms of deterioration mechanisms has been validated in previous studies. A wide range of cementitious materials have been exposed to the biodeterioration test during half a decade. On the basis of this large database and the expertise gained, the purpose of this paper is (i) to propose a simple and robust performance criterion for the test (standardized leached calcium as a function of sulfate produced by the biofilm), and (ii) to demonstrate the repeatability, reproducibility, and discriminability of the test method. In only a 3-month period, the test was able to highlight the differences in the performances of common cement-based materials (CEM I, CEM III, and CEM V) and special calcium aluminate cement (CAC) binders with different nature of aggregates (natural silica and synthetic calcium aluminate). The proposed performance indicator (relative standardized leached calcium) allowed the materials to be classified according to their resistance to biogenic acid attack in sewer conditions. The repeatability of the test was confirmed using three different specimens of the same material within the same experiment and the reproducibility of the results was demonstrated by standardizing the results using a reference material from 5 different test campaigns. Furthermore, developing post-testing processing and calculation methods constituted a first step toward a standardized test protocol.

scholarly journals Efficiency of modern geoinformation technologies application at survey works designing on inland waterways of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Vladimir Karetnikov ◽  
Sergey Rudykh ◽  
Aleksandra Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Support System ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Positive Effect

Survey works on inland waterways can be contingently divided into two directions. The first ones are directed at maintaining the given dimensions of the waterway and are carried out with the use of technical fleet vessels, which includes the dredging fleet. At the same time the basis creation, the results verification and the control of the survey works implementation are carried out by the survey party. The main types of work here are surveying and trawling works, the implementation of which is carried out at the present time on the inland waterways of Russia using geo information technologies, which makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of their realization. Such an approach, firstly, has a positive effect on the implementation of the navigational hydrographic support system of navigators, including in the part of electronic cartography, and secondly, it allows to provide the survey works realization at the modern level. The most effective approaches and methods of modern geo information technologies application, implemented for the collection and processing of high-precision bathymetric information and positioning data to ensure the navigation safety on the inland waterways of the Russian Federation, are considered in the paper.

scholarly journals Towards Standardising SHPB Testing - A Round Robin Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Reuben Govender ◽  
Muhammad Kariem ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Rafael Santiago ◽  
Dong Wei Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Draft Standard ◽  
Shpb Test ◽  
Pressure Bar

The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test, while widely utilised for high strain rate tests, has yet to be standardised. As an exploratory step towards developing a standard test method or protocol, a Round Robin test series has been conducted between four institutions: (i) Swinburne University of Technology, Australia (ii) University of São Paulo, Brazil, (iii) University of Cape Town, South African and (iv) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Each institution prepared specimens from a metallic material, and provided batches of specimens from their chosen material to the other institutions. The materials utilised in this round of testing were commercially pure copper and aluminium, magnesium alloy and stainless steel (316 grade). The intent of the first exercise is to establish the consistency of SHPB test results on nominally identical specimens at comparable elevated strain rates, conducted by different laboratories following notionally similar test procedures with some freedom in data processing. This paper presents and compares the results of the first batch of tests for copper, identifying variations between results from different laboratories. The variation between different laboratories’ results for copper is suffciently small that there is confidence in the potential to develop a draft standard in future.

Soil and tissue tests to predict pasture yield responses to applications of potassium fertiliser in high-rainfall areas of south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
W. J. Cox ◽  
B. J. Codling
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Yield Responses

Dairy and beef pastures in the high (>800 mm annual average) rainfall areas of south-western Australia, based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), grow on acidic to neutral deep (>40 cm) sands, up to 40 cm sand over loam or clay, or where loam or clay occur at the surface. Potassium deficiency is common, particularly for the sandy soils, requiring regular applications of fertiliser potassium for profitable pasture production. A large study was undertaken to assess 6 soil-test procedures, and tissue testing of dried herbage, as predictors of when fertiliser potassium was required for these pastures. The 100 field experiments, each conducted for 1 year, measured dried-herbage production separately for clover and ryegrass in response to applied fertiliser potassium (potassium chloride). Significant (P<0.05) increases in yield to applied potassium (yield response) were obtained in 42 experiments for clover and 6 experiments for ryegrass, indicating that grass roots were more able to access potassium from the soil than clover roots. When percentage of the maximum (relative) yield was related to soil-test potassium values for the top 10 cm of soil, the best relationships were obtained for the exchangeable (1 mol/L NH4Cl) and Colwell (0.5 mol/L NaHCO3-extracted) soil-test procedures for potassium. Both procedures accounted for about 42% of the variation for clover, 15% for ryegrass, and 32% for clover + grass. The Colwell procedure for the top 10 cm of soil is now the standard soil-test method for potassium used in Western Australia. No increases in clover yields to applied potassium were obtained for Colwell potassium at >100 mg/kg soil. There was always a clover-yield increase to applied potassium for Colwell potassium at <30 mg/kg soil. Corresponding potassium concentrations for ryegrass were >50 and <30 mg/kg soil. At potassium concentrations 30–100 mg/kg soil for clover and 30–50 mg/kg soil for ryegrass, the Colwell procedure did not reliably predict yield response, because from nil to large yield responses to applied potassium occurred. The Colwell procedure appears to extract the most labile potassium in the soil, including soluble potassium in soil solution and potassium balancing negative charge sites on soil constituents. In some soils, Colwell potassium was low indicating deficiency, yet plant roots may have accessed potassum deeper in the soil profile. Where the Colwell procedure does not reliably predict soil potassium status, tissue testing may help. The relationship between relative yield and tissue-test potassium varied markedly for different harvests in each year of the experiments, and for different experiments. For clover, the concentration of potassium in dried herbage that was related to 90% of the maximum, potassium non-limiting yield (critical potassium) was at the concentration of about 15 g/kg dried herbage for plants up to 8 weeks old, and at <10 g/kg dried herbage for plants older than 10–12 weeks. For ryegrass, there were insufficient data to provide reliable estimates of critical potassium.

scholarly journals Research on Civil Aircraft Flight Test of Power Supply Quality Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2136 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Jingtao Wu ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Jin Cai ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Test Requirements

Abstract In the process of civil aircraft airworthiness, analyzing power quality is the key to verify whether the power supply system meets the requirements of the clause. This paper makes deep research on the domestic and foreign power supply quality standard files and detailed introduces the characteristics of the power supply quality standard files. Then, comparative and analysis give suggestions which tally with power supply quality test requirements. Finally, define the special power supply quality test method for the practical engineering specifically, and power supply quality test characteristic in civil aircraft flight test, to provide guidance help for the future civil aircraft models.

A Proposed Categorization Method and Category Domain Inequality Development Procedure for Ground Joints of Five Bar Linkages

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuen-Sen Lin ◽  
Terry Lee ◽  
Bao-Ping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Single Loop ◽  
Loop Equation ◽  
Development Procedure ◽  
Five Dimension ◽  
Simple Logic ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dimension Space ◽  
The Given

Abstract This paper presents a method for the development of sets of symbolic inequalities in terms of link lengths for the prediction of the rotation capabilities of ground joints of single-loop five-bar linkages. The inequalities are obtained from the combination of the loop equation of a five-bar linkage and its derivatives and the application of simple logic operations. The rotation capabilities of ground joints are divided into three categories: the incomplete-rotation ground joints, the conditioned complete-rotation ground joints, and the unconditioned complete-rotation ground joints. The derived sets of inequalities define the domain, in a five-dimension space of the five link lengths, for each of the rotation categories. In this paper, the definition of each category is clearly described and the derivations of sets of inequalities are explained in details. A computer program was constructed to examine the completeness and correctness of the categorization method and to analyze the given five-bar linkages to determine the appropriate categories for their ground joints.

scholarly journals Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Petikas ◽  
Evangelos Keramaris ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Compound Channel ◽  
Local Minima ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Cubic Polynomials ◽  
The Given

A method for the calculation of multiple critical depths in compound and natural channels, using an adaptive cubic polynomials algorithm (ACPA), is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the specific energy with multiple cubic polynomials. The roots of these polynomials’ derivatives are determined to calculate all local minima and maxima. These extremities yield the critical depths. Furthermore, the Froude number can be calculated at any elevation by applying a simple formula after calculating the derivative of the corresponding polynomial, which contains the given elevation. The algorithm developed was tested on various compound and natural channels. Its results were then compared with the results provided by the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System) computer program, proving that in some cases ACPA results were more accurate than those of HEC-RAS. This has to do with the fact that HEC-RAS algorithm determines a single critical depth and is better fitted to simple prismatic channels. On the other hand, the ACPA algorithm is able to calculate all critical depths of a natural or compound channel, providing thus more accurate results.

Study on Residual Current Monitoring System for Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1101-1104
Author(s):  
Jin Xia Diao ◽  
Hai Dong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Present System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
The Given

This paper studies a residual current monitoring system; PLC and PC select a combination of hardware, and to identify the specific method for AC and DC small signal data acquisition. On the software side, gives the effect of a schematic diagram of a data processing program, summed up the real-time data acquisition methods section. In the PLC control test procedures, test procedures were analyzed for comparison with the given process flow diagram of the main test and the numerical results, the present system reduces the complexity of the control to improve the automation of the detection process.

Re-study on tensegrity footbridges based on ring modules

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-910
Author(s):  
Shun Gao ◽  
Xian Xu ◽  
Yaozhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Space Requirement ◽  
Structural Efficiency ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Given

A new class of tensegrity footbridges based on ring modules has been proposed and studied in the recent years. This article restudies the tensegrity footbridge and puts emphasis on some issues that are questionable or need further clarification in the previous studies. New cross-sectional sizes that satisfy the given internal space requirement are used for the tensegrity ring modules. The integral feasible prestresses of the tensegrity ring modules are determined and a new classification on the groups of members is proposed. A parametric study on the effects of cross-sectional areas of members and the level of prestress on the behavior of the tensegrity footbridge is carried out. The dominated parameters on the behavior of the tensegrity footbridge are identified. An improved structural efficiency index is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the tensegrity footbridge. The effect of the number of modules on the structural efficiency index of the system is investigated. The reliability of the new index is verified through a comparison with the index proposed by a previous study. This article provides a more comprehensive understanding on the tensegrity footbridges based on ring modules.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for Value Co-Creation in Service Enterprises (Case of Tourism Agencies)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hamidi ◽  
Naser Shams Gharneh ◽  
Datis Khajeheian
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Marketing Messages

Traditional companies used to design products, evaluate marketing messages, and control product distribution channels with a low level of customer contribution. Nonetheless, with the advancements in communication and information technologies, the interaction between customers and company is much higher compared to the past, and it is no longer solely controlled by the companies; thus, users can now impact companies by simultaneously playing two roles as value creators and as consumers. The present study develops a conceptual framework for value co-creation in small- and medium-sized tourism agencies. The sample consisted of 23 purposefully selected employees and managers of small- and medium-sized tourism agencies. Data were extracted from semi-structured interviews and analyzed with open and axial coding. For validity, an eight-person panel of experts was asked to review the framework and to apply corrective comments. The reliability was tested using a re-test method, which confirmed the reliability of the coding with a re-test reliability of 79%. Based on the findings, the proposed framework contains eight components including value inception, value conception, value risk, resource planning, platform, actors, co-creation process, co-created value, and learning process, whose components were identified and encoded.

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