scholarly journals Nonmetric Dental Traits of the Mountain Altai Population of Xiongnu-Sarmatian Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
N. A. Leibova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Dental Traits ◽  
First Time ◽  
Burial Grounds

The Xiongnu-Sarmatian era (1st century BC – first half of the 5th century AD) on the territory of Mountain Altai is represented by the Bulan-Koba culture. Earlier studies of the anthropological composition of the Mountain Altai population of this period made it possible to reveal the presence of an autochthonous anthropological layer. Also a noticeable increase in the proportion of the Mongoloid component only for the southeastern part of Mountain Altai was noticed. This article presents for the first time data on the dental system features of the Mountain Altai population, which is an independent source. The aim of the work is to analyze the anthropological composition of the population based on the data of odontology and to determine the origins of its genesis. The work is based on the analysis of data from the burial grounds Bosch-tuu I, Bulan-Koby IV, Stepushka 1, 2 and Ayrydash I (Altai Republic) that belong to the belo-bomsky stage (2nd – the first half of the 4th century AD). The series of the Ayrydash I burial ground includes 79 individuals, Bosh-Tuu I – 43 individuals, Bulan-Koba IV – 39 individuals, Stepushka 1, 2 – 23 individuals. The paper discusses 10 key odontoscopic traits. The evaluation of the traits and their further analysis were carried out in accordance with the methodology and technic contained in the works of A. A. Zubov. As a result, it was found that all the series studied belong to the range of populations of the western odontological branch with some increase in the frequency of traits of eastern orientation. In the group of Ayrydash I, taking into account the total number of the series, this eastern “raid” is the most distinct. The genesis of the population of the Mountain Altai of the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran time was complex, as in previous epochs. The data of odontology prove that the “Pazyryks” directly preceding the “Bulan-Kobins” was not the main substrate on the basis of which the new population was composed. Rather, the basis was formed by descendants of the nomadic population of the forest-steppe foothills of the Altai. Dental anthropology data differ from that of craniology in assessing the role of the Pazyryk population's participation in the formation of Bulan-Koba culture. It is possible that an increase in the number of series studied will eventually lead to a convergence of estimates of the two systems.

Rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of Hepatozoon canis

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIO GIANNELLI ◽  
RICCARDO PAOLO LIA ◽  
GIADA ANNOSCIA ◽  
CANIO BUONAVOGLIA ◽  
ELEONORA LORUSSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Tick Vector ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Potential Tool

SUMMARYThe distribution of Hepatozoon canis mainly encompasses areas where its main tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is present. However, the detection of this pathogen in dogs, foxes and golden jackals well outside the areas inhabited by this tick species reinforced the hypothesis that additional ixodids are involved in the life cycle and transmission of this protozoon. The present study provides, for the first time, data supporting the sporogonic development of H. canis in specimens of Rhipicephalus turanicus collected from a naturally infected fox from southern Italy. The epidemiological role of R. turanicus as a vector of H. canis is discussed, along with information on the potential use of cell cultures for the experimental infection with H. canis sporozoites. The in vitro infection of canine leucocytes by sporozoites from ticks is proposed as a potential tool for future in-depth studies on the biology of H. canis.

scholarly journals Meanings attributed to fatherhood by adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Jimena Araújo de Jesus Sampaio ◽  
Wilza Vieira Villela ◽  
Eleonora Menicucci de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Young Father

OBJECTIVE: To understand how adolescents perceive the experience and what meanings they attribute to fatherhood.METHODS: Research of a qualitative method, using interviews of 25 young people who had become fathers for the first time. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, taped and transcribed in their entirety. Data analysis occurred using an initial and then an exhaustive reading of the material, synthesis of the results obtained, and identification of implicit content.RESULTS: The analysis and interpretation of this material allowed us to identify three thematic categories: the role of the young father; gains and losses with fatherhood, and solutions adopted during the experienced difficulties. It was evident that the exercise of fatherhood contributed to the assumption of masculinity, to play the role of guardian of the home and provider for the family.CONCLUSION: Fatherhood was seen as a positive experience that transformed teenagers into adults.

scholarly journals On the question of the fighting and numerical composition of the artillery of the Crimean front in february-may 1942

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
S. N. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

On the basis of archival documents, information on the combat and numerical composition of all parts of the artillery of the Crimean Front (February-May 1942) is summarized, and also for the first time data on forgotten artillery units participating in the hostilities are presented. Some provisions of modern studies on the military history of the Crimean Front are critically evaluated, the author’s version of the role of Soviet artillery at the time of the front breakthrough by German troops in May 1942 is advanced. Separate, most typical episodes of the use of artillery in Southeast Crimea in May 1942 are disclosed.

scholarly journals Craniological sources on the problem of ethnogenesis of the Narym Selkups

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
A.N. Bagashev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Sampling Series ◽  
River Region ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Vast Territory

The Narym Selkups are an indigenous population of the Middle Ob River region speaking various dialects of the Selkup language related to the South-Samodian branch of the Ural language family. In the course of the study of Medieval and relatively recent burial grounds in the territory of the Narym Ob area of Tomsk Oblast, considerable amount of craniological material has been collected, which constitutes an important historical source for solving general problems of their origins. According to the archaeological and ethnographic materials, the Medieval burials were left by direct ascendants of modern Narym Selkups, whereas the materials from the later burial grounds are directly associated with their specific local-dialect groups. This paper is aimed to introduce into scien-tific discourse virtually all craniological materials known today from the burial grounds left by the Narym Selkups, and, on the basis of the results of group cross-correlation, to identify trends of the territorial variability of the whole community. Significant increase of new finds from the vast territory of the Middle Ob region, population-driven approach to the data analysis and development of the craniometric technique warranted re-grouping of the finds by the territorial principle and their repeated measurement and analysis. In view of the current problem, all cranio-logical materials were grouped into ten sampling series, five of which are published for the first time (the burial ground of Ostyatskaya Gora and four combined craniological series from the burial grounds of Lower Chulym, Narym Ob, Upper Ket, and the Tym and Vasyugan rivers). Analysis of the variability of the series from the Narym Ob region in chronological and geographical bands showed their weak variability in space and time. Therefore, prior to the Russian colonization of Siberia, this region of the Middle Ob area was not invaded by considerably large groups of people of different anthropological appearance. All studied craniological series were samples from the single unity. Although the territorial variability of the anthropological features within the groups of the Narym Selkups is not large, in some cases an influence of territorially closest neighbours on the anthropological structures of particular Selkup populations can be discerned. It appeared that the southern groups exhibit resemblance with their territorially closest Turkic populations of the Chulym and Lower Tom regions, while in the composition of other Narym groups, there have been identified an admixture of the component genetically related to the Turkic populations of the Western-Siberian forest-steppe — Barabino and Tobol-Irtysh Tatars, and, although being very weak, an influence of the Ob Ugric populations can be discerned.

scholarly journals Prognosis of pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of medication and disease activity prior to admission a population-based cohort study

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e001102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Holland-Fischer ◽  
Reimar W Thomsen ◽  
Ulrik Tarp ◽  
Mette Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Time

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience an increased risk of infections, but the prognosis of infections is unclear. We examined if patients with RA have worse outcomes from pneumonia than non-RA individuals.MethodsIn a population-based cohort study, we computed 90-day mortality rates and crude and adjusted HRs comparing pneumonia patients with and without RA. Among patients with RA, we evaluated prognostic effects of RA medications including prednisolone and disease activity as assessed by C reactive protein (CRP) or platelet levels measured 30–180 days before admission to avoid any influence from the subsequent infection.ResultsAmong 52 577 patients hospitalised for the first time with pneumonia, 1220 (2.3%) had RA. The 90-day mortality was 19.9% for patients with RA and 18.9% for non-RA patients (adjusted 90-day HR of 1.05 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.19)). Compared with CRP levels <8 mg/L, CRP levels ≥20 mg/L predicted increased mortality in patients with RA with adjusted 90-day HRs of 4.98 (95% CI 2.19 to 11.36). Compared with methotrexate monotherapy, both prednisolone (HR 1.43 (95% CI 0.91 to 2.22)) and no RA therapy (HR 1.35 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.14)) tended to increase 90-day mortality. Compared with patients who used prednisolone and had low CRP levels, high CRP predicted increased mortality both in patients who used prednisolone (HR 3.09, 95% CI 1.25 to 7.65) and those who did not (HR 2.35, 95% CI 0.94 to 5.87).ConclusionsOverall, RA does not increase mortality following hospitalisation for pneumonia. However, high RA disease activity prior to admission predicts increased pneumonia mortality in patients regardless of prednisolone use.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Physical Warmth Attenuates Ethnocentric Bias under Mortality Salience: An Embodied Terror Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Margaux Renoux ◽  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
First Time

Research indicates that individuals often deal with mortality salience by affirming beliefs in national or cultural superiority (worldview defense). Because worldview defense may be associated with negative consequences (discrimination), it is important to identify alternative means to deal with death-related thoughts. In line with an embodied terror management perspective, we evaluate for the first time the role of physical warmth in reducing defensive reaction to mortality salience. We predicted that, like social affiliation (social warmth), physical warmth could reduce worldview defense when mortality is salient. In this exploratory (preregistered) study, 202 French participants were primed with death-related thoughts, or an aversive control topic, in a heated room or a non-heated room. The main outcome was worldview defense (ethnocentric bias). We found no main effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. However, physical warmth reduced worldview defense when mortality was salient. Implications for an embodied terror management perspective are discussed.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

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