scholarly journals FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PREVENTION CORRUPTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Measures ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
Program Strategy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Corruption Prevention

All countries of the world, without any exception, are concerned about the existence and the proliferation of such a destructive phenomenon as corruption, which harms the activities of public authorities, weighed down the economy and distorts society's consciousness. In this context, each country introduces its own anti-corruption program, strategy or conducts appropriate policies. In this article, the corruption prevention measures applied by individual foreign countries are considered directly in order to ascertain the possibility of borrowing such experience for Ukraine. The article analyzes the anti-corruption activities of three countries - Finland, Denmark and Sweden. This choice is due to the low level of corruption in the proposed countries. Analyzed the experience of Finland, Denmark and Sweden, we made conclusion that the measures of prevention of corruption implemented in the studied countries, in the majority, coincide with the anti-corruption’s measures in Ukraine. Such measures include, inter alia, the adoption of anti-corruption legislation, the ratification of international treaties, the introduction of public control, the establishment of stricter penalties for the commission of corrupt acts, etc. However, in the studied countries there is a certain feature that decrease the level of corruption - this is the openness of the activities of authority, moral and psychological citizens' denial of corruption , increased transparency and facilitating the involvement of population to the implementation of anti-corruption measures, namely using a number of ethical (for employees) and moral (for the whole of society) principles that stop citizens to commit corruption's acts. It could also be concluded one of the priority basic can influence the reduction of corruption is citizens’ moral and ethical education which Ukraine should strive for.

scholarly journals PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC CONTROL OF REPRESENTATIVE AUTHORITIES IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kuleshov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Process Observation

In today's world, one of the indicators of the level of development of democracy is the level of organization and exercise of public control over public authorities. It should be noted that in Ukraine there is no special law, which establishes the law and determines the mechanism of exercising civil control over the activities of representative authorities, which significantly complicates the procedure for its implementation. Scholars consider the legal basis of public control in the context of legislative and regulatory acts, pointing out their imperfection and expediency of making changes. At the same time, there is no definition of public control in legal documents, and accordingly, the methodology of public control is not defined and therefore there are no methods of its implementation. In scientific and applied publications on the organization of public control of representative authorities in the context of decentralization, it is considered as a component of public participation. The aim of the article: to generalize and systematize foreign scientific and applied research on effective procedures for public control of representative authorities in comparison with the domestic practice. The object of research: implementation of the procedure for public control of representative authorities in foreign countries and in Ukraine. The research methodology: review of foreign and Ukrainian literary sources on the implementation of the procedure for public control of representative authorities in the world and in Ukrainian practice. The obtained results: an analysis of the procedures for public control of representative bodies of power in the countries of the world demonstrates the diversity of approaches to its implementation; forms of public control are enshrined in legal norms and are reflected in the legislation in the form of governmental documents, programs, strategies, standards, or are effectively used without governmental support through e-platforms, panels, etc. As for the Ukrainian scientists, there is no established opinion about the procedures for public control: some identify them with forms of control, others - with the conditions of its effectiveness, some authors place components (stages) of the control process (observation, evaluation, analysis, forecasting) as its methods. The practical significance: adoption of a special law will enable to define general principles of the procedure for public control of representative authorities, and a clear definition will make it possible to determine the nature and set of forms and methods for its implementation.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF PREVENTING THE SUICIDE IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
S.S. Filonenko
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The article focuses on the study of suicide worldwide and Ukraine in particular. The phenomenon of suicide is relevant in all corners of the world, it affects people of all nations, cultures, religions, articles, and classes. The scientific community in many countries around the world demonstrates indifference to the problem of suicide; Accordingly, suicide is gradually becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, suicide ranks 15th among the leading causes of death. WHO statistics show that suicide is committed twice as often as murder, and emphasizes that this phenomenon is global and reaches critical levels every year. We have analyzed the regulatory framework for suicide at the global level. For example, over the last decades, since 2000, due to the incredible efforts of WHO, this problem has begun to receive national attention. In the developed world, many regulations on suicide prevention have been developed and adopted. In the course of scientific research, we found out that suicide and Ukraine is the seventh cause of death, which confirms the criticality of the problem and the need for its fastest solution. We believe that there is a need today to support such categories of persons as children and young people, servicemen, convicts, and the elderly. The article examines the experience of such foreign countries as the USA, Azerbaijan, Israel, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and other European countries of the world. Finding out what prevention and prevention measures they have implemented in national suicide prevention programs, we see the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine and are convinced of their effectiveness. According to the results of scientific research, we will develop an administrative and legal mechanism for suicide prevention in Ukraine, which can work if all the steps of the algorithm for reducing suicide rates are fulfilled. Keywords: suicide, administrative and legal mechanism, the algorithm of actions, statistics, suicide rate.

scholarly journals LEASING SERVICES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Oksana CHEBERAKO ◽  
Oksana HNATYUK
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scientific Presentation ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Practice Methods

Introduction. Lack of direct investment has recently forced entrepreneurs to resort the other forms of investment, which makes it relevant to study one of these forms – leasing. The rapid development of leasing activities in foreign countries is due to the fact that it is an advanced method of logistical support of business activity. Due to its advantages, leasing gives wide access to advanced technologies and technologies to business entities. Influencing the macroeconomic dynamics in the country, it activates the process of investment and renewal of fixed assets, creates new jobs, promotes the development of the national economy. The purpose is to study the trends of leasing development in the world and to offer the basic directions of introduction of foreign experience in domestic practice. Methods. The historical, analytical, empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods to implement the principle of objectivity of scientific presentation have been used. Results. The article examines foreign experience and legal support for the development of leasing services. Revealed, globalization, specialization, consolidation, the formation of strategic alliances are the modern tendencies of dynamic development of the world market of leasing services. Conclusions. Suggestions have been made on the need to introduce the foreign experience of leasing development in Ukraine through the improvement of the legislative base, its harmonization with international norms, the creation of infrastructure of the leasing services market, the development of the guarantees system and insurance. Leasing items, that increase banks’ interest through the system of long-term loans, are substantiated.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF STATE CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL FINANCES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
I. V. Karikh ◽  
V. V. Myrgorod-Karpova
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The World

Most countries in the world are building a state system of financial control and control over international finances, taking into account the fundamental principles laid down in international legal sources and on the basis of world experience. The realization of the task of ensuring sustainable economic, social and political development of Ukraine requires further investigation of the problems of establishing effective control over international finances and initiating the reform process in this field, which can become a key element in the complex systemic transformations in the financial sphere and the construction of a new financial system of the state. We believe that Ukraine should look for the most important challenges of today, drawing on international experience in this field, with a view to its further use. The importance and importance of using foreign experience is also closely linked to the process of state integration into the world community and the implementation of international practice of financial control. Therefore, it is crucial for Ukraine to study foreign experience of financial control and to borrow appropriate experience in this field in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the domestic financial control system. It should be noted that the global practice in the field of financial control is extremely voluminous and multifaceted, it has different approaches to the organization and implementation of control measures, most of which have been validated over time. N. Lazareva and GV Dmitrenko point out that the choice of a particular model is based on the relevant factors: the state of democratic development of society and the level of construction of civil society, the specifics of the distribution of powers between branches of government, the normalized form of government, historically accepted in the state form of government, historically the way of development of statehood and development of institute of financial control [2, p. 68; 3, p. 22]. Most countries in the world have gone a long way in finding ways to develop and build financial control. The highest financial control authorities in most countries of the world have endured a long period of searching for their effective functioning and implementation of really effective control measures. For example, the National Audit Office of Great Britain was formed in 1120, the Regular Audit Organization of Belgium - 1386, the General Chamber of Prussia - 1714, the Main Accountancy Chamber of the Principality of Warsaw - 1808, etc. [4, p. 127]. Such bodies were far from the current vision of public authorities in the area of financial control. However, they have become the prototype of the current institutions, with a defined range of tasks, functions, powers and goals for their implementation. Given the challenges and needs of today, the powers of such institutions and bodies have been expanded to control the cash provided or received in the form of international financial assistance. Unfortunately, historically Ukraine has been deprived of the possibility of gradually building state institutions in this area. Gaining independence in 1991 put the country in a position to address key challenges to economic development and the effective functioning of public authorities and government. Considering this fact, we consider that foreign experience in any sphere for Ukraine is the most valuable source of solving urgent problems, including the borrowing of the world practice of organization of financial control, control in the sphere of international finances and proper regulatory fixing of such mechanism. Keywords: international finance, international financial assistance, control over international finance in Ukraine.

scholarly journals BENCHMARKS OF ENSURING AN «ECONOMIC BREAKTHROUGH» OF UKRAINE IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATIVE AREAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Liubov Smoliar ◽  
Olha Ilyash ◽  
Ruslan Kolishenko ◽  
Tetiana Lytvak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Original System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Axiomatic Method ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Components

Purpose. The aim of the article is the system analysis of foreign experience and development of indicators and directions of an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas within the framework for the preparation of the Strategy of an economic breakthrough of the state by the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine. Methodology of research. General and special methods have been used to achieve this aim in our scientific and analytical development: the axiomatic method and scientific abstraction method (to define the terminological consistency of notions by studying the categorical apparatus «technological breakthrough», «economic breakthrough» and «innovative breakthrough”; induction and deduction methods (to determine the core factors of an economic breakthrough); the method of synthesis and system analysis (to substantiate the theoretical essence of the basic notions and develop our own system of indicators of an «economic breakthrough»; the decomposition method (to single out the functional components (technological and innovative) in the system of an «economic breakthrough»; tabular and graphical methods (to reflect the analytical calculations and the final results of the study). Findings. The experience of 19 countries that have made an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas is systematised, in particular: the experience of the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Egypt, Switzerland, Great Britain, Austria, Brazil and India. The original system of indicators has been suggested and the comparative monitoring of the indicators, which helped to provide a «technological and innovative breakthrough» for the selected countries of the world in comparison with Ukraine, has been carried out. The recommendations to public authorities, aimed at creating the main benchmarks of an «economic breakthrough» of Ukraine in the technological and innovative areas of activity, have been prepared. Originality. A system of indicators of an economic breakthrough of Ukraine in technological and innovative directions has been formed for the first time, the foreign experience of economically developed countries of the world in the direction of achieving economic growth of national economies has been systematised. The recommendations to public authorities concerning the identification of the main benchmarks for Ukraine's technological and innovative breakthrough in the near future have been further developed. Practical value. The outlined priority directions of the policy «Economic breakthrough» and intensification of the state policy on ensuring the economic welfare and growth in Ukraine are substantiated by the applied analysis of critical technological, innovative and state-building factors of the exacerbation of economic problems in Ukraine. Key words: economic breakthrough, benchmarks, indicators, technological area, innovative area, economic growth.

scholarly journals FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF MILITARY COURT FUNCTIONING AS A CONDITION OF GUARANTEE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF MILITARY SERVICES

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
B. M. Shamrai
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
General Law ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Judicial Protection

The article examines the experience of military courts functioning in guaranteeing the right to judicial protection to military personnel in foreign countries of the world. The countries in which the military courts operate are highlighted and the activities of these courts are analyzed in countries such as: United States of America, United Kingdom and Federal Republic of Germany. It has been found out that the presence of military courts in foreign countries is conditioned by the fact that military personnel as persons with special legal status are subject to military law in addition to general law. It has been established that the protection of the rights and freedoms of servicemen in the leading countries of the world through judicial protection is becoming more and more universal, which is explained by the high degree of democratic trial and based on the principles of court independence, transparency and openness. The analysis of the national legislation, first of all, of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Judiciary and Status of Judges» of June 2, 2016 № 1402-VIII and considered the feasibility of functioning during a special period under the conditions of the operation of the United Forces in the system of judicial system of Ukraine military courts whose competence will be to hear cases in criminal proceedings concerning war crimes committed by military personnel, which will facilitate the practical implementation of the guarantees of the rights and freedoms of military personnel and maintaining law and order in the troops. It is established that for the effective implementation of the constitutional right of military personnel to judicial protection, especially during the special period and increasing the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, the positive experience of the leading countries in which the judicial authorities act as a real guarantor of the protection of rights and freedoms is essential military personnel whose experience can be applied in Ukraine. On the basis of the conducted research the author emphasizes that military courts are a real guarantee of protection of the rights and freedoms of persons who pass military service and the possibility of applying foreign experience in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Development of the single window mechanism in the EAEU countries based on the analysis of foreign experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
A. V. Agapova
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Russian Federation

In order to develop the "single window" mechanism in Russia, the article analyzes the foreign experience of its application. The analysis of foreign experience in the development and implementation of the "single window" mechanism has shown that the simplification of the customs control procedure not only in the EAEU, but also in many countries of the world, indicates the effectiveness of such a mechanism in terms of documentary control over goods and vehicles of international transportation. It is established that all authorized state regulatory bodies of foreign countries use a single platform for obtaining and processing data on goods and participants of foreign economic activity, which allows linking the work of such state bodies into an integrated system. Such platforms are DAKOSY (Germany), PortNet (Finland), UNI-PASS (Republic of Korea), TradeXchange (Singapore) and ORBUS (Senegal). It was noted that the introduction of the "single window" mechanism in all foreign countries was carried out in stages. In addition, significant funding was allocated from the public-private partnership to create such a mechanism. The problems hindering the development of the "single window" mechanism in the EAEU are identified. The directions of development of the "single window" mechanism are developed taking into account foreign experience. In particular, a model of information interaction within the framework of the "single window" of the Russian Federation is proposed.

scholarly journals The main trends in the development of public-private partnership in modern Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N. D. Bazaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Selection Of

The study presents the practice of foreign countries in the application and implementation of publicprivate partnership, as well as the existing development trends, considered different approaches to the concept of public-private partnership. The differences between the implementation of public-private partnership in the world andRussiaare highlighted, the key of which is the non-mandatory financing of the project by the private sector in foreign countries. The pros and cons of PPP in the implementation of joint projects. Statistical data on the development of relations between public authorities and private parties inRussiaare also presented and analyzed. The result of the study was the identification of key trends in the development of public-private partnership in theRussian Federation, the main of which are: the increase in the number of low-budget projects and the expansion of the regulatory framework. The results of the survey of the Russian business community on the level of development of public-private partnership in theRussian Federationare presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to focus on the development of industry legislation, the creation of clear rules for the selection of participants of agreements based on PPP and improving the methods of implementation of warranty obligations for private partners. The importance of the implementation of public-private partnership projects for the economic growth of the regions of theRussian FederationandRussiaas a whole was noted. 

scholarly journals Crime and corruption prevention objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Lukashevych
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Corruption Prevention ◽  
Object Of Crime

Under today’s conditions, humanity and all social and state formations, including Ukraine, as part of the world order, is experiencing many changes: we are in a radically new political, economic, spiritual and ideological situation compared to the end of the twentieth century; its main features are socio-economic stagnation, political, cultural, educational and moral-psychological uncertainty, activation of old and the emergence of new stressors at the level of both individual and group (and even mass) consciousness. The complexity and contradictions of socio-economic and political development of our country necessitate the theoretical understanding and development of scientifically sound tools with which to make more effective the process of social interaction, non-criminogenic development of society, crime prevention and counteraction. Without theoretical knowledge that directly serves a specific state-building practice, it is impossible to fulfill a strategic task - to build a democratic state and civil society in Ukraine. Scientists rightly point out that the current criminal situation is characterized by new types of crime, dynamism of development, unpredictability of changes, spread of organized forms and professionalism and the inability of the state to resist corruption necessitates the effectiveness of the fight against crime. The purpose of this article is to study the objects of crime and corruption prevention, to determine their essential characteristics and to separate them from other objects of social reality. The methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method, the application of which allows to study the object and subject of research in their epistemological unity, relationship, as well as differences. The technique used in writing the article consists of several basic methods of scientific knowledge. Using the historical method, historical and general theoretical questions of the essence of the object of crime prevention and corruption are clarified. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to separate the objects of prevention from other objects of social reality - this was also facilitated by the use of the structural-functional method. These methods also allowed to investigate the theoretical views on the nature and elements of the object of crime and corruption prevention. The logical-semantic method was used to determine the relationships and mutual influences of crime prevention and corruption objects with other objects. Scientific abstraction and generalization of scientific and theoretical information as a process of establishing general properties and signs, allowed to reach and formulate final conclusions on the subject of research. Based on the considerations set out in the article, it can be noted that the objects of preventive influence on the prevention of crime and corruption are negative phenomena and processes of reality of material or spiritual nature, which lead to causes and conditions conducive to crime. This should keep in mind the properties that are common to such objects, namely: criminogenicity; dynamism; potentiality; latency. Separate objects are objects of victimological influence. Information sources of various origins are covered, which testify to the origins of mass, group, individual victimization and the presence of dangerous victimhood at these levels, to which the theory and practice of victimological crime prevention are directed. , and the special objects of victimological prevention are social and psychological factors of victimization and victimhood as objects of preventive victimological influence at the individual level. Specific objects are the objects of influence in the prevention of corruption, which include: corruption-causing factors; corruption risks in the activities of public authorities, local governments, legal entities of public and private law and their officials; illegal behavior of officials and officials of public authorities and local governments. Thus, a deep and comprehensive knowledge of the nature of criminogenic objects, their scientific, historical and epistemological research will serve as a basis for understanding the danger of this social phenomenon and finding appropriate effective methods, tools and measures to influence it. The state must prevent crime by influencing certain criminogenic objects, which in essence will be the object of crime and corruption prevention at various levels of preventive activities – general social, special criminological, individual, as well as in the implementation of victim prevention measures

scholarly journals FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN TAX REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS USE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Maria RIPPA ◽  
Tetiana TUCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Tax Regulation

Introduction. In a market economy, the taxation system, determined by tax policy, has a significant impact on the socio-economic processes in the state. In the West, the development of public finance problems has long risen to a height that is unmatched in the world. Modernizing the tax system of Ukraine without Western practice, without comprehension, perception, use of such a unique scientific potential and practical experience is indispensable. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the real conditions, national interests, historical features of our country and the creative heritage of Ukrainian scientists, the experience of domestic tax practice. The purpose of the article is to study the processes of tax regulation of socio-economic processes in countries with developed market economies, instruments of regulating the influence of the main budget-forming taxes: income tax, value added tax, excise tax and personal income tax in the context of borrowing and adapting foreign experience to Ukrainian realities. Results. The study of foreign experience in tax regulation of socio-economic processes has shown that the EU member states apply regulatory tax instruments, guided by harmonized principles and principles of fiscal solidarity. In European countries, it is permissible to provide VAT exemptions without refunding the tax credit. In the EU, VAT exemptions for small businesses are significant. At the community level, excise tax incentives for energy, alcohol and alcoholic beverages have been defined. Most countries apply them in the form of layoffs, but some in the form of reduced rates. In addition, at the discretion of the government of an EU member state, not all potential preferences may be introduced, so the list of benefits differs significantly from country to country. The unresolved problem of harmonizing the system of income taxation of legal entities does not mean that there is no opportunity to borrow the experience of tax regulation of individual countries. The policy of the governments of foreign countries (especially European ones) demonstrates the desire to exclude as much as possible exemption from income tax, however, the toolkit of investment tax credit and investment discounts, tax holidays, accelerated depreciation, tax-free funds (reserves) and differentiation of rates that have on the development of investment processes and serve to maintain a stable financial condition of economic entities. It is important to emphasize that most countries that differentiate tax rates based on profit margins use a progressive scale. In Europe, there is a tendency to socialize taxation through the introduction of a system of "family" taxation of personal income based on the differentiation of taxpayers by marital status and their actual ability to pay. Conclusions. The analysis of foreign experience of tax regulation of socio-economic development and the possibility of its adaptation to Ukrainian realities is carried out. A significant similarity of the main taxes in European countries that have common political and economic interests, historically interacting in solving global development issues, has been revealed. The mechanisms of the regulatory influence on the social and economic development of foreign countries of such taxes as VAT, excise taxes, income tax, tax on personal income have been investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of using in the world practice of taxation of various tax benefits and preferences, principles of taxation are determined. It has been substantiated due to what regulatory potential of taxes is achieved not only the fiscal efficiency of their collection, but also the leveling of the socio-economic situation of the population and the country as a whole.

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