scholarly journals Microbial Factor, Its Role in the Development and Course of Chronic Periodontitis, Current Research Direction (Literature Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
I. O. Pohodenko-Chudakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Odontogenic Infection ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The purpose of the study was to analyze the available data about the role of the microbial factor in the development and course of chronic periodontitis at the present stage on the basis of available domestic and foreign specialized literature, to identify unsolved problems and outline directions for further research. Materials and methods. The special literature is analyzed: periodicals for the last 10 years, basic manuals and monographs. We used descriptive method. Results and discussion. A large number of works are devoted to the analysis of the composition and properties of bacterial biofilm of the oral cavity using microscopic, bacteriological and molecular research methods used to assess microbial risk factors for periodontal diseases. At the same time, satisfactory results of conservative treatment of this pathology vary from 61.1% to 93.9%. The situation is aggravated by the fact that apical periodontitis, cystogranulomas and radicular cysts in 65.0% are the cause of severe complications that threaten death. Even outside of exacerbation, the presence of foci of focal infection is accompanied by sensitization of the patient's body and contribute to its generalization. The accumulated experience of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases over the past decades indicates that the leading role in the formation and development of the inflammatory process of this localization belongs to obligate-anaerobic and microaerophilic facultative-anaerobic microflora. Despite a significant number of studies devoted to this issue, the problem of the effectiveness of endodontic treatment nowadays is far from its final solution, which convinces of the relevance of the research undertaken and its expediency. Conclusion. The results of the analysis of special literature allow us to conclude that the development of new rational complex methods of treatment based on an in-depth analysis of morphological, microbiological, immunological, biochemical, clinical and somatic components is based not only on the need to create effective methods of treatment of chronic periodontitis and the justification of their differentiated use, but also on the need for preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of severe complications of acute odontogenic infection and its generalization. The development of new effective and rational methods for the treatment of chronic periodontitis based on their differentiated use will reduce the number of cases of acute odontogenic infection and its severe complications, which will positively affect the quality of life of patients, increase the rates of specialized medical care and will have a certain socio-economic significance

Comparative analysis of polymorphic variants of IL-17A and MMP-1 genes with the risk of developing chronic periodontitis in petrochemical workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
Iskander I. Zaidullin ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Lilija K. Karimova ◽  
Milyausha F. Kabirova ◽  
Rasima R. Galimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Harmful Substances

The susceptibility to the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases, which depends on genetic and external factors (smoking, stress, oral hygiene), varies widely. In the development of these diseases, an important role is played not only by the presence of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms, but also by the presence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, immunoregulatory defects. The immune system plays a key role in the physiological and pathological processes of periodontal tissues. In this regard, IL17, produced by CD4+ Th cells, which has both Pro-inflammatory and protective activity, is of particular interest in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of study was to identify the relationship between polymorphic loci of the IL-17A (rs2275913) and MMP-1 (rs1799750) genes and clinical manifestations of chronic periodontitis in petrochemical workers. Dental examination was performed in 92 ethylene oxide production workers with chronic periodontitis and 74 patients with chronic periodontitis who did not come into contact with chemical factors (control group). Genotyping of polymorphisms rs2275913 of the IL17A gene and rs1799750 of the MMP1 gene was performed by allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hygienic assessment of the degree of air pollution of the working area with harmful substances was carried out by gas chromatography according to the guidelines for the determination of harmful substances in the air № 5098-89, № 3119-84. When comparing the results of studies of both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the frequency distributions of allelic variants and genotypes of the IL-17A and MMP-1 genes. The AA/AG genotypes of the IL-17A gene were associated with an increased risk of severe disease compared to the GG genotype in workers in the main group (OR=6.1; 95% CI 1.33-28.5; p=0.021) and in the control group (OR=7.26; 95% CI 1.34-39.25; p=0.016). Carriers of the A allele in the control group increased the risk of severe chronic periodontitis by 2.4 times compared to carriers of the G allele (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.19-4.87; p=0.014). During the dental examination of employees of the ethylene oxide plant, the clinical course of periodontal diseases was more severe in comparison with the control group, and the number of patients with severe periodontitis was twice as high. It was found that the AA/AG genotypes of the IL-17A gene and the carrier of the A allele are associated with increased susceptibility to the development of severe chronic periodontitis. The association between the MMP-1 gene polymorphism and the risk of severe forms of chronic periodontitis has not been established. A risk factor for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in employees of the petrochemical complex is a complex of harmful production factors.

Comparative evaluation of genotoxic effect in subjects with chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dr.Smruti Lulla ◽  
Dr.Amita Mali ◽  
Dr. AashwiinMiglani ◽  
Dr. VidyaDodwad ◽  
Dr. SachinMangalekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Micronucleus Frequency ◽  
Group A

Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the genotoxic effect by assessing the micronucleus frequency (MNF), as a biomarker for DNA damage, in subjects with chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods and Material: For the study, a total of 65 subjects were take and divided into three groups. Group A included 30 subjects with Generalised Chronic Periodontitis, Group Bincluded 30 Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Group C included 5 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Periodontal clinical examination was carried out. A slide was prepared using the blood sample collected from the subjects which was fixed in 5% geimsa solution and was observed under the microscope. Later the scoring of micronuclei was done. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out in the present study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to find the significance of study parameters and test the equality of three or more means of more than two groups. Tukey’s post hoc analysis was used to compare parameters of each and every group. Results: The mean score of the micronuclei observed in group A, B and C were 10.23, 14.87 and 1 respectively i.e. group B showed significantly greater damage than other two groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the score of micronucleus frequency may be considered as an important biomarker of genotoxic damage that is DNA damage in subjects with chronic localised as well as systemic diseases like type 2 diabetes, as well as Periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Correlation of ABO Blood Groups and Rh Factor with The Severity of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis: Across Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mostafa ◽  
Essam I. Elkhatat ◽  
Pradeep Koppolu ◽  
Muna Mahgoub ◽  
Esam Dhaifullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I

BACKGROUND: The development of periodontal diseases depends on the presence of causative microorganisms, host immunity and risk factors. Although variability present among the types of periodontal diseases, all are represented to a shared interaction between host and bacteria. ABO blood groups are the most investigated erythrocyte antigen system. However, limited investigations have been conducted to explore the alliance between ABO blood groups and periodontal diseases. AIM: Our purpose was to explore any possible association between the severity of chronic periodontitis with ABO blood groups and Rh factor. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 205 patients out of 1126 generalised chronic periodontitis patients (GCP) who were referred to Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They were categorized into; group I (mild), group II (moderate) and group III (sever). RESULTS: The patients with blood group O were at a greater risk to develop GCP irrespective of its severity, followed by those with blood group A, B, and AB. The dispensation of the Rh factor in all groups exhibited a significantly greater distribution of Rh positive. CONCLUSION: Genetic factors such as ABO blood group antigens may act as a risk influencer that affects the progression and severity of the chronic periodontitis.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APHARM A COLOGICAL COMPOUND BASED ON SILATIVIT AND PERCUTANEO US ELECTRONE UROSTIMUL ATION AFTER LASER CURET TAGE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Е. Светлакова ◽  
E. Svetlakova ◽  
Ю. Мандра ◽  
J. Mandra ◽  
Н. Жегалина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Dental Lasers ◽  
Percutaneous Electroneurostimulation

<p>Nowadays the treatment of periodontal diseases is an actual problem, that is caused by high frequency of occurrence of periodontopathies. diode dental lasers are nowadays often used for treatment periodontal pockets. Using hydrogel based on silativit and percutaneous electroneurostimulation healing of the wound surfaces.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Salivary Melatonin and the Severity of Attachment Loss: A Case-Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leila Golpasand-Hagh ◽  
Faramarz Zakavi ◽  
Arash Daraeighadikolaei ◽  
Akram Ahangarpour ◽  
Sara Hajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Type I ◽  
Salivary Melatonin

Background. Melatonin (MT: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland in the brain. MT is produced with a circadian rhythm characterized by elevated blood levels during the night. In healthy individuals, maximal secretion of MT occurs between midnight and 2:00 am, whereas the minimal production occurs during the day. MT can be determined by repeated measurement of plasma or salivary MT or urine sulfatoxy-melatonin. Melatonin has powerful antioxidant effects, has an immunomodulatory role, stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen fibers, and promotes bone formation. Melatonin is also secreted in the saliva, although its role in the mouth is not known well. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between salivary melatonin level and periodontal diseases. Methods. Fifty subjects by mean age of 40.44±6.38 years were equally divided into 5 groups: 10 healthy subjects, 10 subjects with gingivitis, 10 subjects with localized moderate chronic periodontitis, 10 subjects with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis, and 10 subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis. Saliva samples were collected from all the subjects and melatonin levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-way and one-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used to analyze relationships among variables. Results. Healthy subjects had significantly higher salivary melatonin level (5.29±0.50 pg/mL) compared to patients with gingivitis (4.35±0.30 pg/mL) (P<0.001). The difference between salivary melatonin level in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis was significant (P<0.001). Level of melatonin in patients with generalized severe chronic periodontitis (3.39±0.10 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.01). Conclusions. This study determined that salivary melatonin level in patients with periodontal diseases is lower than that in healthy subjects. Consequently we conclude that there is a negative correlation between melatonin level and the severity of disease, suggesting that melatonin might have a protective role against periodontal diseases, although further research is required to validate this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Pradeep Patel ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
A. R. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) is an important selenium containing antioxidant in human defense against oxidative stress. While crevicular fluid (GCF) eGPx levels and its association with periodontal disease is well documented, there is no data on correlation of GCF and serum eGPx levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence this study was undertaken to further probe into the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by correlating GCF and serum levels of eGPx.Materials and methods: Thirty subjects (16-Males and 14-Females; age: 30–38 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided, based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level into: Healthy (group-1,n=10), Gingivitis (group-2,n=10) and Periodontitis (group-3,n=10). Chronic periodontitis patients after NSPT constituted group 4. GCF and serum samples collected from each subject were quantified for eGPx levels using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: The mean eGPx concentrations increased from health (14.01 ng/μl and 78.26 ng/ml) to gingivitis (22.86 ng/μl and 90.44 ng/ml) and then to periodontitis (29.89 ng/μl and 103.43 ng/ml), in GCF and serum respectively. After NSPT, there was statistically significant reduction in eGPx concentration in GCF and serum (19.41 ng/μl and 85.21 ng/ml). Further, all the GCF eGPx values showed a positive correlation to that of serum eGPx level.Conclusion: Thus, increased eGPx concentration in GCF can be considered as an indicator of local increase in oxidative stress. While, increase in serum eGPx levels indicates that periodontal disease can also lead to increased oxidative stress at the systemic level.

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Cystatin C Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
A. R. Pradeep ◽  
N. M. Raghavendra ◽  
P. Arjun ◽  
Rahul Kathariya
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Cystatin C (CSTC) is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases and could play a protective and regulatory role under inflammatory conditions. The present study was designed to assess the concentration of CSTC in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum, to find out their association if any, in periodontal health and disease. 30 subjects were selected divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 subjects in each group based on clinical parameters: periodontally healthy group, gingivitis group and chronic periodontitis group, while, chronic periodontitis group after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planing) constituted after periodontal therapy group. GCF and serum samples were collected from all subjects to estimate the levels of CSTC by ELISA. The mean CSTC concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in periodontitis group and lowest in periodontally healthy group with intermediate concentration in gingivitis group and after periodontal therapy group. CSTC concentration in GCF and serum increased proportionally with the severity of periodontal disease (from health to periodontitis group) and decreased after treatment. This suggests that CSTC increases with disease progression to prevent further periodontal degeneration and decreases after treatment due to bone metabolic homeostasis. Further, longitudinal prospective studies involving larger population are needed to confirm the findings of present study and to better understand the role of CSTC in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Association Between Mast Cells and Collagen Maturation in Chronic Periodontitis in Humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia S.F. e Ribeiro ◽  
Jean N. dos Santos ◽  
Clarissa A.G. Rocha ◽  
Patricia R. Cury
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
The Relationship

Mast cells (MCs) can influence the maturation of collagen fibers. This study evaluated the relationship between the distribution and degranulation of MCs and collagen maturation in human gingival tissue in chronic periodontitis. A total of 16 specimens of patients clinically diagnosed as periodontitis and 18 controls clinically diagnosed as healthy or gingivitis were included. Immunohistochemistry and Picrosirius staining were performed to identify MCs and assess collagen fibers, respectively. Chi-square, t test, and Pearson’s correlation test ( p<0.05) were used. In control specimens, there was a positive association between MCs in the connective tissue and the presence of immature collagen ( p=0.001); in periodontitis samples, this association was not confirmed ( p≥0.12). There was no significant relationship between periodontal diagnosis and collagen maturation or MC degranulation ( p≥0.35). MC density was significantly higher ( p=0.04) in periodontitis tissue (339.01 ± 188.94 MCs/mm2) than in control tissue (211.14 ± 131.13 MCs/mm2) in the area of connective tissue containing inflammatory infiltrate. There was a correlation between the number of MCs and probing depth ( r = 0.34, p=0.04). MCs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and might be associated with collagen maturation in periodontal tissue during the early stages of periodontal disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals A Clinical, Laboratory and Microbiological Evaluation on Efficacy of Dental Air Force Home Dental Cleaning System on Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Adult Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A 6-Month Clinical Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ameet Madan Mani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Aim The study outlined to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and microbiological efficacy of Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system on type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic adult chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and methods A total of 100 adult chronic periodontitis subjects were recruited voluntary for this study. Clinical [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL)], laboratory (C-reactive protein levels and glycated hemoglobin) and microbiological parameters were measured prior to phase 1 therapy; at 3rd and 6th month post phase 1 therapy. Comparative assessment was done among all the patients that were divided into four groups with Student paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The results of this study showed that there was significant decrease in clinical, laboratory and microbiological parameters from baseline to 6 months in all the groups (i.e. p < 0.01). The subjects under groups using Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system showed highly significant reduction to all the parameters as compared to subjects under groups using toothbrush. Conclusion There was strong correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic parameters. Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system with the access to interdentally area helps in preventing the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm, thus able to maintain the clinical, laboratory and microbiological parameters at much lower levels as compared to traditional tooth brushing after phase I therapy. How to cite this article Mani S, Mani AM, Saini R. A Clinical, Laboratory and Microbiological Evaluation on Efficacy of Dental Air Force Home Dental Cleaning System on Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Adult Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A 6-Month Clinical Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):1-8.

scholarly journals Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on serum albumin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Adileh Shirmohammadi ◽  
Masoumeh Faramarzi ◽  
Ashkan Salari ◽  
Mehrnoosh Sadighi Shamami ◽  
Amir Reza Babaloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
T Test ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters

Background. Albumin is a protein whose serum levels decrease in inflammatory conditions such as periodontal diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in serum albumin levels in patients with and without periodontal diseases prior and subsequent to non-surgical periodontal treatment and its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease.Methods. Twenty patients diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects, referring to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected. Serum albumin levels and clinical variables of periodontal disease (probing pocket depth, gingival index, bleeding index, clinical attachment level and plaque index) were determined before treatment and three months subsequent to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses (mean ± SD). Serum levels of albumin and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups with independent-samples t-test. Paired-samples t-test was applied to compare the variables before and after treatment in the case group. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05.Results. The mean serum albumin level of chronic periodontitis patients (3.62±0.11 mg/dL) exhibited a significantly lower value compared to subjects who were periodontally healthy (4.17±0.29 mg/dL), with the serum albumin levels increasing significantly three months postoperatively (3.78±0.33 mg/dL), approaching the level in subjects who were periodontally healthy (P<0.05).Conclusion. Decreases and increases in serum albumin levels under the effect of periodontal disease and its treatment indi-cated an inverse relationship between the albumin levels of serum and chronic periodontitis.

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