scholarly journals Dietary energy and protein requirements for Saudi Arabia: a methodological approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Khan ◽  
Mohammed A. Al Kanhal
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Reference Body ◽  
Age And Sex

Based on the available scientific information on human requirements, recommended dietary allowances of energy and protein for different age and sex groups of Saudis were estimated. The per capita requirements of energy and protein [NPU 0.8] at national level were calculated to be 2100 kcal per day and 53 g per day respectively. For men of reference body size 65 kg, the average recommended allowances are 2800 kcal per day and 65 g of protein per day. For women of reference body weight 56 kg, these are 2100 kcal per day and 56 g of protein per day. Additional recommended daily allowances for pregnant and lactating women are given. Protein-energy ratio percentage was calculated as 6%-12%. RDAs and reported energy and protein intakes are compared

scholarly journals Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Lofstedt ◽  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Paul G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Purpose To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. Methods Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. Results Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Konstantinos Gonelas
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems

Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a framework to improve neglected tropical diseases surveillance and response at the sub-national level in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Kipkemoi Saitabau Ng'etich ◽  
Kuku Voyi ◽  
Clifford Maina Mutero
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Response System ◽  
Surveillance And Response

Background Assessment of surveillance and response system functions focusing on notifiable diseases has widely been documented in literature. However, there is limited focus on diseases targeted for elimination or eradication, particularly preventive chemotherapy neglected tropical diseases (PC-NTDs). There are limited strategies to guide strengthening of surveillance and response system functions concerning PC-NTDs. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a framework to improve surveillance and response to PC-NTDs at the sub-national level in Kenya. Methods Framework development adopted a multi-phased approach. The first phase involved a systematic literature review of surveillance assessment studies conducted in Africa to derive generalised recommendations. The second phase utilised primary data surveys to identify disease-specific recommendations to improve PC-NTDs surveillance in Kenya. The third phase utilised a Delphi survey to assess stakeholders consensus on feasible recommendations. The fourth phase drew critical lessons from existing conceptual frameworks. The final validated framework was based on resolutions and inputs from concerned stakeholders. Results Framework components constituted inputs with the first domain combining surveillance tools, equipment and infrastructure while the second domain combined financial, technical and logistical support. Processes were categorised into four sub-domains with activities for strengthening existing surveillance tools, surveillance core, support and attribute functions. The intended results phase comprised of ten distinct outputs with the anticipated outcomes categorised into three sub domains. Lastly, the overall impact alluded to reduced disease burden, halted disease transmission and reduced costs for implementing treatment interventions to achieve PC-NTDs control and elimination. Conclusion In view of the mixed methodological approach used to develop the framework coupled with further inputs and consensus among concerned stakeholders, the validated framework appears to be relevant in guiding decisions by policy makers to strengthen the existing surveillance and response system functions towards achieving PC-NTDs elimination.

scholarly journals Decision Support Model for Evaluating Alternative Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management Schemes—A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Aidonis ◽  
Charisios Achillas ◽  
Dimitrios Folinas ◽  
Christos Keramydas ◽  
Naoum Tsolakis
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Of Greece

Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a constantly increasing component of the total volume of municipal solid waste. E-waste streams are expected to continue escalating in the near future. The underlining paradox lies in the fact that end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment constitute a critical waste stream owing to the contained hazardous and toxic elements, but they also present an important source of valuable raw materials. Therefore, identification of alternative scenarios for integrated WEEE management is imperative. To that end, this research develops a methodological approach that focuses on determining the optimal WEEE management scheme, among available alternatives, applicable to the specific case of Greece. In particular, a binary linear programming model is formulated that maximizes the performance of 9 alternative WEEE management scenarios. The mathematical model considers 12 performance assessment criteria identified across financial, technical, social, and environmental dimensions. Priority levels are assigned to each criterion based on the input of 19 involved experts. A range of “what-if” analyses indicate that mechanical recycling of WEEE, in tandem with exporting of residues, is the most efficient e-waste management strategy in the case of Greece. The research findings indicate that the joint cooperation of all stakeholders, together with political will and effectiveness, is required for the integrated WEEE management at a national level.

scholarly journals EXCESS MORTALITY FROM COVID-19. WEEKLY EXCESS DEATH RATES BY AGE AND SEX FOR SWEDEN AND ITS MOST AFFECTED REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Modig ◽  
Anders Ahlbom ◽  
Marcus Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Excess Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Sweden has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 deaths per inhabitant globally. However, absolute death counts can be misleading. Estimating age- and sex-specific mortality rates is necessary in order to account for the underlying population structure. Furthermore, given the difficulty of assigning causes of death, excess all-cause mortality should be estimated to assess the overall burden of the pandemic. Methods By estimating weekly age- and sex-specific death rates during 2020 and during the preceding five years, our aim is to get more accurate estimates of the excess mortality attributed to COVID-19 in Sweden, and in the most affected region Stockholm. Results Eight weeks after Sweden’s first confirmed case, the death rates at all ages above 60 were higher than for previous years. Persons above age 80 were disproportionally more affected, and men suffered greater excess mortality than women in ages up to 75 years. At older ages, the excess mortality was similar for men and women, with up to 1.5 times higher death rates for Sweden and up to 3 times higher for Stockholm. Life expectancy at age 50 declined by less than 1 year for Sweden and 1.5 years for Stockholm compared to 2019. Conclusions The excess mortality has been high in older ages during the pandemic, but it remains to be answered if this is because of age itself being a prognostic factor or a proxy for comorbidity. Only monitoring deaths at a national level may hide the effect of the pandemic on the regional level.

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Barbados: trends in macronutrient supply from 1961 to 2003

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sheehy ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Per Capita

Barbados has been experiencing increasing rates of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of a country in nutrition transition. However, few studies have been carried out on how precisely the diet has changed in recent decades. Our aim was to analyse the FAO food balance sheets for Barbados from 1961 to 2003 in order to characterise the changes that have taken place in the macronutrient supply of the country during that period. Annual food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database, and per capita supply for twelve commodity groupings was analysed for energy and macronutrient levels using WISP dietary analysis software (Tinuviel Software, Llanfechell, Anglesey, UK). The food supply in 2003 provided over 2500 kJ (about 600 kcal) more energy per capita per d than it did in 1961. Energy from carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy has fallen from 70 % in 1961 to 57 % in 2003 and is now at the lower end of WHO recommendations. Energy from fat as a percentage of total energy increased from 19 % to 28 % and now lies at the upper end of WHO recommendations. Sugars, at over 17 % of dietary energy, are well above the upper limit set by the WHO. Despite having methodological limitations associated with the use of food balance statistics, our data suggest that these imbalances need to be addressed as a matter of priority in order to try to reverse the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases that are projected to cause increasing disability and premature death in the country in the coming years.

scholarly journals Comparison of CO2 emissions reduction efficiency of household fuel consumption in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjie Xu ◽  
Ruoyu Zhong ◽  
Yifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Per Capita

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the correlations among per capita gross domestic product (GDP), household fuel (natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas) consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) at the regional and national level in China using data from 2003 to 2015. The results validate the EKC assumption and show that per capita GDP is positively related to CO2 emissions; per capita natural gas consumption has a negative impact on CO2 emissions; however, per capita liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption has a positive effect on CO2 emissions. Therefore, increasing natural gas consumption can effectively slow down the environmental degradation of China. Given rapid economic growth, changing the energy structure can improve the environment.

scholarly journals The diets of pregnant and post-pregnant women in different social groups in London and Edinburgh: energy, protein, fat and fibre

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Schofield ◽  
Erica Wheeler ◽  
Judy Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. Dietary records were obtained twice in pregnancy and once post-partum from 265 women from all social classes in London and Edinburgh.2. The London women always had higher mean energy, protein, fat and fibre intakes. Significant between-region differences emerged.3. Some between-social classes differences occurred, but were not consistently significant.4. All mean energy and fibre intakes were lower, and protein and fat intakes were higher, than current recommendations.5. Of lactating women 15% claimed to be dieting.6. The percentage dietary energy derived from fat varied from 36 (in a dieting group) to 42.

scholarly journals The importance of clinical and labour market histories in psychiatric disability retirement: analysis of the comprehensive Finnish national-level RETIRE data

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pirkola ◽  
J. Nevalainen ◽  
M. Laaksonen ◽  
S. Fröjd ◽  
K. Nurmela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
National Level ◽  
Psychiatric Disability ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives Despite the stable incidence of mental disorders in Finland and Europe, mental health-related occupational disability has been increasing. We unveiled the paths to permanent psychiatric disability, recovery, or death, by analysing sequences of labour market participation. Methods The RETIRE register database includes information regarding all persons (n = 42,170) awarded an ICD-10 psychiatric disability pension between 2010 and 2015 in Finland. We identified clusters of typical paths of pre-retirement labour market history. Controlling for major mental disorders, age, and sex, we evaluated factors associated with returning to work (RTW), or death, over a 5-year follow-up period. Results Only 10.5% of the disabled subjects returned to work within the follow-up. Half of them ended up with a permanent disability pension. Seven distinguishable paths to disability were identified. Subjects in the cluster characterized by steady employment were relatively often females, lost their work ability due to affective disorders, and had the highest rate of returning to work (16.3%). Mortality was highest (9%) among the cluster characterized by long-term unemployment. Distributions of major diagnostic groups, as well as age and sex, differed between clusters. After their adjustment in the analysis of RTW or death, the identified labour market history paths prior to losing work ability remained as important independent prognostic factors for both outcomes. Conclusions The complex retirement process involves identifiable clinical and contextual associating factors. Labour market history patterns associate with varying prognoses after psychiatric retirement. Prolonged unemployment appears as a predictor of relatively poor prognoses, whereas employment indicates the opposite.

Time series change in pulse scenario in India with special reference to Haryana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Ishwar Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
National Level ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Per Capita

Pulses are an important ingredient of the vegetarian diet of Indian masses. Pulses are a major source of protein predominantly among Indian vegetarian people making their diets more balanced and nutritive. In this study, analysis has been done to help out the researcher and policy makers to take decisions regarding future initiatives and programmes. In India during 2016-17 pulses were grown over an area of 29.27 million hectare producing 22.4 million tones with yield of 765 kg / per hectare. The cropping area of pulses in Haryana as compared to India is almost decreasing. The trend of contribution of pulses by Haryana at national level is also decreasing which reduces from 0.81 million tons in 1970-71 to 0.06 million tons in 2016-17. In India, about 5.63 to 10.90 percent share of food grains production is pulses. The percentage growth rate in the cropped area as well as in production of total pulses in India shows much fluctuation but serious downfall Haryana. The cropped area, production and productivity of total pulses in India shows positive trend from 10th Five Year Plan, however it is found reverse in Haryana. The highest per capita availability of pulses in a 1971-72 which was 51.22 grams per day and the lowest per capita availability of pulses in 2003-04 i.e. 10.6 grams per day in India.

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