scholarly journals Detective Audit: Methodology for Assessing the Business Reliability of a Small and Medium-Sized Business Entity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
A. E. Krioni
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
External Control ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Crisis Conditions

The method of private investigations is probably the most appropriate basis for the implementation of independent external control of commercial enterprises. Indeed, if we ignore the analysis of accounting documents that are perhaps the main and only source of financial activity history for the audited company, the remaining problem of forecasting business risk remains the search for unobvious, hidden from the public eyes factors of economic life of the company. In modern crisis conditions such analysis is difficult and requires new approaches for external control.Aims and objectives. The purpose of the work is to develop methodological provisions for the detective form of the layout of the auditing. The offered method is steady in demand among customers of detectives as it opens new opportunities for the honest business executives. This need for the interaction with the private investigation arises from the uncertainty of clients in the auditing opinion, which is one of the consequence of the direct dependence of the external auditor on the audited organization. A detective, on the contrary, is completely independent and free to collect, analyze any information that has to do with the actual financial and economic activities of the company.Methodology. The legal and institutional framework, the instant breakdown of technical equipment area and financial documentation, the interaction and separation of powers controls — these and about sixty more other most important factors are considered in the article, as essential qualitative characteristics affecting the current assessment of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise or firm.Results. The place of the detective auditing in the theory and practice of the auditor activity is specified. External and internal factors that exert a significant influence on the economic and financial activities of the organization are singled out. As a tool for its implementation, the method of factor analysis is proposed. Application area. The results of the research can be applied to the development of external auditing theory and practice.Conclusions. In the conditions of business opacity, detective auditing is a means of choosing future and reliable counterparties for the auditor’s clients. 

scholarly journals Do We Need to Redesign the Current Assessment System in Bangladesh? A Review of Theory and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Faieza Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Summative Assessments ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Improve Student Learning

 In this current age of highly competitive global environment, teachers are under tremendous pressure to assess student learning in the most effective manner. Two tools that teachers commonly utilize to assess students in their classes are formative and summative assessment. In formative assessment, teachers gather data in order to improve student learning and in summative assessment they use the data to assess students’ learning at the end of a specific course of study. The scores on both types of assessment should meet the minimum standards of both reliability and validity. In this article we highlight the differences between the two forms of assessment, discuss the theories pertaining to summative and formative assessment, identify how educators at tertiary level in Bangladesh commonly utilize the two types of assessment and disclose opinions of teachers regarding whether the current assessment system is appropriate or need any further improvements. Findings from the study indicate that most teachers have an incomplete and unharmonious understanding about assessment often failing to clearly distinguish between formative and summative assessments.

Basic models of human-centrist, polyspiral, sustainable development of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Valery Borzunov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
External Control ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of

Subject of study. A set of relations that are formed in the process of determining models of sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Purpose of the article: research of the main directions of sustainable development of Ukraine and the formation of principles of strategy. Research methodology. Scientific novelty of the work, the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the system of both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and practice. The proposed methodology of a system-integrated approach to the formation of basic models of man-centered, multispiral, sustainable development of Ukraine. As integrity in the organic unity of the prevailing prerequisites for the formation of the principles of strategizing. Scientific novelty lies in the definition of models for sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Results of the work – the applied use of scientific results of improved approaches for the development and implementation of a strategy for human- centered, polyspiral, sustainable development is proposed. Conclusions. For 30 years of independence, Ukraine has turned from an industrially developed country into a backward and poorest country in Europe with an economy of lagging growth, the status of a «buffer zone» of geopolitical conflict on its territory and external control. To maintain sovereignty, ensure the country's competitiveness in the context of the transition to new technological paradigms and the quality of life of the population, at least at the average level for the EU countries, Ukraine needs to change course, develop and implement the «Strategy of human-centrist, multi-spiral, sustainable development».

scholarly journals The Concept of Trust in Socio-Economic Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Özen
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Financial Growth ◽  
Positive Results

The concept of trust is considered as a psychological and sociological phenomenon. Numerous theories have been developed to achieve economic development and to increase the level of welfare. The theories have not always revealed the expected results due to ignoring human behavior. Behavioral models addressing human behavior have gained importance in recent years. Thus, it was seen that emotions and thoughts were effective in creating different economic decisions. One of the factors affecting decisions is also trust. The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of the concept of trust on socio-economic life with different perspectives. When the literature is examined; There are concepts such as (i) social trust and (ii) economic trust. These concepts are related closely with some topics such as marketing and business, finance and economics. Some positive results are expected from the climate of trust. (i) With the establishment of appropriate communication between individuals, some social problems and their costs are reduced. (ii) The development of business-customer relations is beneficial for both sides. (iii) With the positive relations between fund providers and fund seekers in financial markets, financial institutions work more effectively and the markets grow. (iv) Financial growth also triggers economic growth and development. (v) Economic trust, as a measure of future assessments, increases economic activities. The study collectively evaluates the effect of the concept of trust in different areas. The findings show what kind of legal arrangements should be made by policy makers in different areas in order to increase the trust of people.

scholarly journals Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway Project in the Context of Theory and Practice of Regional Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanard Otwori Juma ◽  
Fredrick Adol Gogo ◽  
Ahmed Abduletif Abdulkadr ◽  
Dénes Dávid Lóránt
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

Despite most African countries having immense natural and human resources potential, the continent has mostly been lagging on matters of economic development. This scenario could primarily be attributed to weak intra-regional and inter-country trade given the poor connectivity, quality, and diversity in transportation services and infrastructure. In this regard, the governments of the greater East African Region representing Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya, therefore, mooted a coordinated vision to develop interlinked regional infrastructure in road and rail transport to allow smooth movement of goods and services.  This paper aimed to critically review the impact of the SGR development on Kenya in the context of regional planning and development. The methodology of the study was a critical review of existing literature and secondary data. Study findings indicated that the development of the (Standard Gauge Railway) SGR is in tandem with the development strategies of other East African Countries. Its development is incorporated in national spatial plans with the rail route targeting regions with viable populations and sustainable economic activities. Criticisms, however, revolve around the ballooning debt to finance infrastructural development and lack of prioritization f mega projects. In conclusion, despite the financial constraints, the SGR is viewed to significantly influence the socio-economic spheres while presenting challenges in the management of landscapes where it traverses in Kenya and the Region.

scholarly journals Hybridization in Economic Activities in Samuel Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners and Moses Ascending

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Tingxuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Samuel Selvon

Samuel Selvon (1923-1994) is a representative writer in Caribbean literature. His Moses trilogy is famous for the preoccupation with issues of identity. My paper employs Homi Bhabha’s theory of hybridity to construct the identification of Creoles’. From the perspective of economic, The Lonely Londoners and Moses Ascending deal with the fractured and disjointed economic activities on the Londoners and Moses’ economic life, which cover from general economic life to personal economic behavior. The hybridization of economic activities helps Creoles walk out of the tough period and be able to support themselves. It is an effective way for them to be free from colonization economically.

PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION OF MEASURES OF BUDGETARY AND LEGAL COERCION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Serhii Yesimov ◽  
◽  
Vitalina Borovikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Legal Coercion

The article deals with the principles of application of budgetary coercive measures in the context of improving budgetary legislation in accordance with the requirements of the European Union. Budgetary and legal coercion, as a kind of state coercion, is a type of financial and legal coercion. It has all the features of the latter, developing in relation to specific budgetary relations; it acts not as an independent category of legal responsibility, but as a kind of financial and legal coercion. Budgetary and legal coercion is the external influence of the state, represented by authorized bodies, on the behavior of individual participants in the budgetary process concerning the application of measures of budgetary coercion, which impose additional encumbrances of property or organizational nature on the unfulfilled obligations provided by budgetary law, in order to ensure compliance with law and order in the budget sphere. The significance of the principles of law for the formation of normative and legal regulation of budgetary and legal coercion is considered. The principles of financial law and their influence on the formation of the principles of budgetary law are described. The general legal principles of application of measures of budgetary and legal coercion are analyzed; their role in establishment of budgetary and legal responsibility is defined. Based on the current legal framework, special principles for the application of budgetary coercive measures are determined, including those that have not been formally fixed in the Budget Code of Ukraine, but are fragmented in the normative and legal acts of budgetary legislation. With regard to budgetary offenses concerning measures of budgetary coercion, the principles of legality, priority of public interests, and division of functions in the field of financial activity on the basis of separation of powers play a special role. The main branch principle of budgetary law in the context of the implementation of measures of budgetary coercion is the principle of addressable and target nature of budgetary funds.

PROBLEMS OF INTERNAL CONTROL RELATED TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE BUSINESSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
E.I. KOSTYUKOVA ◽  
◽  
A.V. FROLOV ◽  
ROMANENKO A.V. ROMANENKO A.V.
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Financial Losses

In the current conditions of uncertainty and financial instability against the background of the coronavirus pandemic, small and medium-sized businesses are the most vulnerable. Entrepreneurssuffer huge losses, and the viability of many small businesses tends to zero due to the lack of internal reserves and unaffordable financial losses. The issue of state support for small and medium-size businesses, preferential lending and a number of other government measures aimed at supporting entrepreneurs in all affected areas remains acute. At the same time, the development (revision, reevaluation,re-orientation) of the internal functioning of small and medium-sized businesses, the implementation of competent management decisions that can support the enterprise in crisis conditions,becomes important. The purpose of implementing internal control in small and medium-size businesses is to avoid abrupt, disjointed, contradictory management decisions. The task of internal control is to ensure the consistency and expediency of management actions. Thus, the issues of organizing internal control of various economic life aspects for small and medium-size businesses are becoming relevant. The paper explains the need to implement an internal control system in difficult economic conditions in order to stabilize the financial position of an enterprise. The authors have studied some factors that hamper the implementation of the internal control system in small and medium-size businesses.

The Dutch Colonial Business Elite at the Turn of the Century

Itinerario ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Kuitenbrouwer ◽  
Huibert Schijf
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Netherlands East Indies

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the Dutch economy experienced a fresh take-off. Up-to-date steamships plied the shipping routes to the Netherlands East Indies; in the Netherlands the network of railways and canals was greatly expanded; modern insurance companies, commercial banks and other financial institutions were founded. The resultant growing need for external capital led to a new legal form of financing, the joint-stock or limited liability company, and the 1870s and 1880s saw the establishment of a relatively large number of newly founded companies of this type. Generally speaking, these companies represented business activities with a long-standing tradition in Dutch economic life: trade, banking and transportation. The economic take-off was also reflected in the growing number of joint-stock companies pursuing economic activities in colonial Indonesia, often with their headquarters in the Indonesian Archipelago itself. According to J. à Campo the number of such newly founded corporations was more than hundred for each year after 1896, reaching its highest level in 1910, when no less than 326 were founded.

Cultivating Follower Trust: Are All Leader Behaviors Equally Influential?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morela Hernandez ◽  
Chris P. Long ◽  
Sim B. Sitkin
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Relational Leadership ◽  
Leader Behaviors ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Contextual Leadership ◽  
Personal Leadership ◽  
Follower Trust

We draw on the relevant extant literatures to examine the pathways to building trust through leader behaviors with three distinct emphases: the leader (personal leadership), the leader-follower relationship (relational leadership), and the situation (contextual leadership). We test this model using experimental data collected from experienced managers (Study 1) and field data collected from the peers and direct reports of business executives (Study 2). The results from these two studies both build on and challenge current views in the trust and leadership literatures about how leaders influence trust. Consistent with past literature, our findings indicate that various leadership behaviors appear to directly promote follower trust when analyzed independently. However, when these behaviors are analyzed jointly, relational leadership behaviors were found to mediate the effects of personal and contextual leadership behaviors on follower trust. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Community Matters: A Study of the Interaction of Microcredit Borrowers in Diyarbakır with the Market Economy?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 235-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Research Show

AbstractThis paper analyzes the processes of integration of the poor into the market, as instigated by their involvement in microfinance projects. This analysis is based on the findings of an ethnographic study of the Turkish Grameen Microcredit Project (TGMP), conducted in Diyarbakır at different time periods between September of 2004 and July of 2005. By analyzing in detail the nature of economic life revolving around the microfinance practices, this paper intends to elucidate the way in which the integration of the microcredit borrowers into the market is guided by societal processes. The findings of the field research show that in everyday practices the borrowers adjust the microfinance system to their own needs and accommodate the economic activities originating in microcredit into their wider social structure. Thus, one can conclude that they are integrated into the market in their own way, guiding the integration process with their own socio-cultural institutions.

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