scholarly journals AFFIXES FORMING PASSIVE VERBS IN BUGIS LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Makkawaru Makkawaru
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Passive Verbs ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract. The problem of this research is the affixation of Bugis language, which is limited to three subproblems namely; affix form, function, and meaning in Bugis language. Affixation is described as descriptly and qualitatively. The data source is in the form of utterances from native speakers of the Bugis language. Data collection techniques are direct interview techniques, namely fishing techniques, the designation of activities, designation of images, and documentary studies. The technical analysis used in research is to transcribe data, then transcribe it into written form, then classified according to the problem. Based on the analysis of existing data, the results of the study show that the affixes in Bugis language have form, function, and meaning. The form of affixes in Bugis language are: Prefixes {ta-}, {ri-}, {na-}, {ripa-}, double affixes {na -, - ngi}, {ri -, - eng}, {ri + aG -, -ang}. Function: changing the word class and not changing the word class. The meaning of affixes forming passive verbs in Bugis language is Prefix {ta-}: Stating a sudden or unintentional event, and stating an action that is subject to work referred to in the root word, {ri-}: Stating the action being taken work called the root word, {na-}: Stating the action that is subject to work which is called the root word, {ripa-}: States the causative meaning. Meaning of double affixes {na-,-ngi}: Stating is made as stated in the basic form, {ri-, -eng}: Stating the action mentioned in the basic form, {ri- + aG-, -ang}: Stating the action mentioned in the basic form.

scholarly journals A Study of the Morphological Process in Berom Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Marcus Pam Bitrus ◽  
Dung Ishaya Pwajok ◽  
Pam Eric Ganan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Plural Noun ◽  
Language Data

<p>This study presents a descriptive analysis of the Berom language morphological process. Data were sourced from related studies in Berom and other languages and from the intuitive knowledge of the writers who are native speakers of the language. Data analysis reveals that the morphological process in Berom is composed of affixation and compounding. The study also shows that the language has two inflectional prefixes: <strong>be</strong>- &amp; <strong>n</strong>- that are used to mark plural noun and a derivational prefix: <strong>n</strong>- that is used for nominalization. Furthermore, the paper reveals that compounding in Berom can be simple or complex and asserts that simple compounding may generate a different word class while complex compounding realize nouns.</p>

scholarly journals Penerapan Teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) pada Identifikasi Afiks Bahasa Dayak Benuaq

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman ◽  
Yeri Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Entire Word ◽  
Recording Techniques

This study aims to describe the form, function, and meaning of affix attached to the basic form of Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. This research is qualitative research with the technique of data analysis is BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung) technique. This study was conducted in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. The research data is the entire word affixed spoken of native speakers Benuaq Kampung Jengan Danum. Data collection techniques used are recording techniques, cakap libat semuka technique, and simak cakap technique. The results showed that the Dayak Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum has three forms affix, that is prefixes, suffixes, and combination of affixes. The prefixes are: {be-}, {pe-}, {peN-}, {te-}, and {N-}. The suffixes are: {tn}. The combination of affixes are: {ke- + N-} and {sek + N-}. The affix converts the categories of adjectives into verbs, verbs into adjectives, nouns into verbs, and nouns into adjectives. The meaning of the affixation of the Benuaq Dayak’s basic word is to declare an action, result of, a job, and to say to do work.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN MAKNA REDUPLIKASI ADJEKTIVA DALAM BAHASA MINANGKABAU DIALEK SUNGAYANG DI KAB.TANAH DATAR

HUMANIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Kemala Hutri ◽  
Deliana Deliana ◽  
Khairina Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to describe the forms and meanings of adjectival reduplication in the Minangkabau language, the Sungayang dialect in Kab. Tanah Datar. One of the regional languages in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data source is from oral and written data with data techniques using the listening method and proficient method, then data analysis using the matching method and the separate method through the markup reading technique. The results showed that the form of adjective reduplication in the Minangkabau language, Sungayang dialect, was (1) whole repetition, (2) partial repetition (3) repetition with phoneme changes, and (4) affix repetition. The meaning contained in the Minangkabau language reduplication is (1) the reduplication of the Minangkabau adjective in the basic form shows the plural meaning, (2) the meaning of reduplication which states the nature of a person who states what is meant by the root word, (3) the reduplication of the adjective in the Minangkabau language which Showing someone stating facts about the inheritance of the root word, (4) reduplication of the adjective in Minangkabau which shows the plural meaning of the root in question. Besides having a grammatical meaning, the reduplication of the Minangkabau language adjective also has idiomatic, metaphorical meanings and for refining or obscuring statements.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN TEKNIK BAGI UNSUR LANGSUNG (BUL) PADA IDENTIFIKASI AFIKS BAHASA DAYAK BENUAQ

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman ◽  
Yeri Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Entire Word ◽  
Recording Techniques

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the form, function, and meaning of affix attached to the basic form of Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. This research is qualitative research with the technique of data analysis is BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung) technique. This study was conducted in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. The research data is the entire word affixed spoken of native speakers Benuaq Kampung Jengan Danum. Data collection techniques used are recording techniques, cakap libat semuka technique, and simak cakap technique. The results showed that the Dayak Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum has three forms affix, that is prefixes, suffixes, and combination of affixes. The prefixes are: {be-}, {pe-}, {peN-}, {te-}, and {N-}. The suffixes are: {tn}. The combination of affixes are: {ke- + N-} and {sek + N-}. The affix converts the categories of adjectives into verbs, verbs into adjectives, nouns into verbs, and nouns into adjectives. The meaning of the affixation of the Benuaq Dayak’s basic word is to declare an action, result of, a job, and to say to do work. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk, fungsi, dan makna afiks yang melekat pada bentuk dasar bahasa Dayak Benuaq di Kampung Jengan Danum, Kecamatan Damai, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung). Peneitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Jengan Danum, Kecamatan Damai, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Data penelitian ini adalah seluruh kata berafiks yang dituturkan dari penutur asli Dayak Benuaq di Kampung Jengan Danum. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik rekam, teknik cakap libat semuka, dan teknik simak cakap. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Bahasa Dayak Benuaq Kampung Jengan Danum diketui memiliki tiga bentuk afiks, yaitu prefiks, sufiks, dan kombinasi afiks. Bentuk prefiks, yaitu: {be-}, {pe-}, {peN-}, dan {te-}. Bentuk sufiks, yaitu: {-tn}. Sedangkan kombinasi afiks, yaitu: {ke- + N-}dan {se- + N-}. Afiks tersebut berfungsi mengubah kategori kata adjektiva menjadi verba, verba menjadi adjetiva, nomina menjadi verba, dan nomina menjadi adjektiva. Makna yang muncul akibat pembubuhan afiks dengan kata dasar ialah menyatakan tindakan, menyatakan akibat, menyatakan pekerjaan, menyatakan sedang melakukan suatu pekerjaan.

EVALD – a Pioneer Application for Automated Essay Scoring in Czech

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Kateřina Rysová ◽  
Magdaléna Rysová ◽  
Michal Novák ◽  
Jiří Mírovský ◽  
Eva Hajičová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Supervised Training ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Essay Scoring

Abstract In the paper, we present EVALD applications (Evaluator of Discourse) for automated essay scoring. EVALD is the first tool of this type for Czech. It evaluates texts written by both native and non-native speakers of Czech. We describe first the history and the present in the automatic essay scoring, which is illustrated by examples of systems for other languages, mainly for English. Then we focus on the methodology of creating the EVALD applications and describe datasets used for testing as well as supervised training that EVALD builds on. Furthermore, we analyze in detail a sample of newly acquired language data – texts written by non-native speakers reaching the threshold level of the Czech language acquisition required e.g. for the permanent residence in the Czech Republic – and we focus on linguistic differences between the available text levels. We present the feature set used by EVALD and – based on the analysis – we extend it with new spelling features. Finally, we evaluate the overall performance of various variants of EVALD and provide the analysis of collected results.

scholarly journals AFIKS VERBA DALAM BAHASA SALUAN

Multilingual ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Siti Fatinah, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Keyword(s):  
Basic Form ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Word Category ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Passive Verbs

Affix verbs in the Saluan language can be added to basic word or basic form in the form of verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals. The affix has various forms and functions. This study examines the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. Related with that, this paper aims to describe the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. The data of this study were obtained using the litterary method. The data is processed using the intralingual equivalent method through a change technique. The results of this study indicate that there are five verb affixes in the Saluan language, namely prefix, suffix, confix, infix, and combinations of affixes. There are nine verb prefixes, namely moN-, pino-, i-, o-, ba-, po-, ko-, maha-, and mompo-. The moN prefix has four allomorphs, namely mom-, mong-, mo-, and mon-. There are  two verb suffixes, namely -onon and-kon. There are four verb confixes, namely kino-an, kina-mo, kina-anmo, and maha-an. The verb infix is only one, namely -in-. Different case with a combination of affixes. The combination of verb affixes is nine, namely moN-akon, moN-kon, moN-i, i-akon, i-kon, pino-akon, pinokon, i-i, -in-an, -in-akon, and iin-kon. There are five functions of the affix form, namely changing the word category in its basic form, forming bitransitive verbs, forming transitive verbs, reciprocal verbs, and forming passive verbs.

Japanese Language Students' Perceptions on Online Nihongo Partner Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-158
Author(s):  
Nur Anisah Tan Abdullah ◽  
◽  
Pow Yean Choong ◽  
G. Sharina Shaharuddin ◽  
Nor Rasimah Abdul Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Public University ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Online Program ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
Future Program

The pandemic that hit in early 2020 has caused face-to-face Nihongo Partner Program to be postponed. As a result, Japanese language lecturers in a public university have come out with an online program to be utilized by students who are learning Japanese and also Japanese students who will be participating in the practical training in teaching Japanese. A study using a quantitative approach was conducted once the program ended. 465 students who participated in the program responded to the survey. The survey questions which consisted of two parts were answered by the respondents. Part A questions related to the background of the respondents while part B has five components which includes (i) respondent reaction during the program, (ii) respondent reaction before the program,(iii) respondent reaction during the program, (iv) respondent reaction after the program, (v) comments and suggestions for improvement. In components i-iv, respondents have to choose five likert scales, while component (v) requires respondents to provide comments and suggestions in written form. The questions of the survey are to answer (1) respondents’ perceptions of this program, (2) strengths and weaknesses of this program, (3) improvements that can be made for the future program. The results of the study found that most of the students agreed that the online NP Program (1) is positive and can be utilized for learning Japanese, (2) improves speaking skills with the correct pronunciation and intonation, increases confidence to speak in Japanese either with Japanese people or classmates, providing an opportunity for respondents to use Japanese language. However, (3) some respondents expressed a fear of making mistakes with the presence of native speakers. From the survey a total of 19 suggestions and improvements were given by the respondents.

scholarly journals EVOLUSI FONOLOGIS LEKSIKON DALAM SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Putu Eka Guna Yasa ◽  
Aron Meko Mbete ◽  
Ni Made Dhanawaty
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Data Source

This research produced research in the language of the development of Balinese language. In the search for the texts of Bali Kuna's motion inscriptions, the Middle Balinese literary works, and Modern Balinese languages ??as the data source showed a relatively long period of time. In accordance with this problem, this study used comparative historical linguistic theory. Meanwhile, methodologically at the stage of providing data, it applied the observational method in the written data, and interview method for the oral Balinese language data. In the data analysis section, the method applied is equivalent to the basic technique of speech organ whispering (phonetic articulatory). The result of analysis showed that the phonological evoluted by the sign of sound changing. Thus, the changes found consisted of (1) sound absorption which theoretically included in afferesis, syncope, haplology; (2) metathesis; (3) unusual sounds; (4) vowels and consonants changing.

Is there anything there when there is not there? Null expletives and second language data

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oshita
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Characterization ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Made In

This article explores the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives, i.e., the silent counterparts of the so-called dummy subjects such as English it and there. Following Jackendoff’s (1997; 2002) notion of `defective’ lexical item, I define null expletives as extremely `defective’ words with syntactic properties but no semantic or phonological content. By comparing native speakers of pro-drop languages and those of topic-drop languages in terms of their grammatical judgement of and productive use of English, I argue that null expletives are very likely psychologically real to speakers of pro-drop languages but not to those of topic-drop languages. This conclusion is based on observations made in previous second language (L2) studies and the analysis of data obtained from a large corpus of nonnative English. The question of the unaccusative-unergative distinction in L2 grammar and the linguistic characterization of so-called free subject-verb inversion in pro-drop languages are also discussed in relation to the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives.

Unconventional Expressions: Productive syntax in the L2 acquisition of formulaic language

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig ◽  
David Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Independent Process ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Simulation Task

This article presents a generative analysis of the acquisition of formulaic language as an alternative to current usage-based proposals. One influential view of the role of formulaic expressions in second language (L2) development is that they are a bootstrapping mechanism into the L2 grammar; an initial repertoire of constructions allows for statistical induction of abstract grammatical categories, such that formulaic language is the data source from which syntactic rules are derived. This study brings evidence to bear on this debate from three studies of the acquisition of conventional expressions by L2 learners of English. A total of 271 learners and 58 native speakers completed either an oral conversation-simulation task or an aural-written elicited imitation task. The data show that while learners exhibit knowledge of both contextualized use and the lexical core of conventional expressions, production data reflect the morphosyntactic knowledge of learners at particular stages of development. Formulaic language does not drive the acquisition of syntax; rather, the acquisition of syntax as an independent process drives changes in the production of conventional expressions. Their gradual transformations allow for insights not only into the acquisition of syntax, but also into the nature of multi-word expressions in the mental lexicon.

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