EVOLUSI FONOLOGIS LEKSIKON DALAM SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA BALI

This research produced research in the language of the development of Balinese language. In the search for the texts of Bali Kuna's motion inscriptions, the Middle Balinese literary works, and Modern Balinese languages ??as the data source showed a relatively long period of time. In accordance with this problem, this study used comparative historical linguistic theory. Meanwhile, methodologically at the stage of providing data, it applied the observational method in the written data, and interview method for the oral Balinese language data. In the data analysis section, the method applied is equivalent to the basic technique of speech organ whispering (phonetic articulatory). The result of analysis showed that the phonological evoluted by the sign of sound changing. Thus, the changes found consisted of (1) sound absorption which theoretically included in afferesis, syncope, haplology; (2) metathesis; (3) unusual sounds; (4) vowels and consonants changing.

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EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE STATUSES OF THE FACEBOOK USERS

PARADIGM ◽

10.18860/prdg.v3i1.8056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Widdya Syafitri

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Observational Method ◽

Expressive Speech ◽

Observational Technique ◽

The Social ◽

Data Source

<p>This research is conducted based on two purposes; they are to identify the types of expressive speech act found in the statuses of the Facebook users, and to explain the modes of expressive utterance used in the statuses. Therefore, the data source is the social network that is Facebook and the data are the statuses of the Facebook users. The data are collected by using observational method, followed by non-participant observational technique and taking-note technique. The data analysis is based on pragmatic identity method proposed by Sudaryanto (2015) which is also supported by the theory of the types of expressive speech act by Ronan (2015), and theory about the modes of utterance from Alwi, et al (2000). The analysis result shows that there are fourteen types of expressive speech act in the statuses. They are the expression of agreement, disagreement, apology, gratitude, sorrow (sadness), exclamation (complaint), volition (hope), anger, disappointment, encouragement, satire, annoyance, pride, and congratulation. Meanwhile, the modes of expressive speech act that are used consist of declarative mode, interrogative mode, and exclamative mode. The importance of this research is to reveal or show that there is something else the Facebook users want to say behind their statuses. Sometimes, they do not really state what they mean in their statuses. They use indirect way and there lies the use of expressive speech act which can be stated in different way.</p>

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WATAK KATO DALAM BAHASA MINANGKABAU: Sebagai Cerminan Perilaku Berbahasa Masyarkat Minangbakabau

JURNAL ARBITRER ◽

10.25077/ar.2.1.13-27.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Leni Syafyahya ◽

Efriyades Efriyades ◽

Delfia Elly

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Observational Method ◽

Lexical Variation ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Interview Method ◽

Incomplete Form ◽

Distributional Method ◽

Complete Form

The inappropriate use of nick name in dialy life may lead to misunderstanding in the interaction. It is because nickname has kato character or'word of manners' in its particular use. The paper will explain the forms nickname, Kato character contained in the nickname, lexical variation and variation of use of nickname. The paper is derived from the results of our research. Technically, the data are collected by using observational method and conversational method. Proficient method can be aligned with the interview method. The analysis of the data are conducted by using editing (examining the completeness and reliability of the data) and coding (classification data). Then the process is continued by interpreting the validity of the data that has been coded along with the appropriate theories. Moreover, the data analysis is conducted by using identity method and distributional method. Based on data analysis it can be foun found the form of nickname, Kato character contained in the nickname, lexical variation and variation of use. Nickname in Minangkabau language may take either complete form or incomplete form. From both complete and incomplete forms, kato characters can be categorized into 4 types, ie.'Kato mancari kawan' (friendship nickname), 'Kato mancari lawan (insulting nickname)' Kato indak bakawan' (unfriendly nickname), and 'Kato indak Balawan' non-opponent nickname. Moreover, the nickname in Minangkabau language has lexical variation and variation of use. Lexical variation occurs because of differences in the area of use, while the variation of use occurs because of certain intention. Lexical variation can also occur in the in one particular area or in same area as well as the variation of its use. Keywords: Character Kato, nickname, and Minangkabau language

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VARIASI DAN REKONSTRUKSI FONOLOGIS ISOLEK KERINCI: STUDI DIALEKTOLOGI DIAKRONIS DI KECAMATAN BUKIT KERMAN

GENTA BAHTERA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan ◽

10.47269/gb.v3i1.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 107-120

Author(s):

Rengki Afria

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Observation Point ◽

Observational Method ◽

Phonological Variation ◽

Reconstruction Process ◽

Basic Technique ◽

Sound Changes ◽

The Status ◽

Quantitative Approaches

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan-perbedaan kecil dalam sebuah dialek/ bahasa dengan teori dialektologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan variasi-variasi fonologis, merekonstruksi fonologis, menjelaskan inovasi dan retensi yang terdapat pada isolek Pulaupandan, Pengasi dan Muak. Penelitian deskriptif ini bersifat sinkronis dan diakronis dengan pendekatan secara kualitatif-kuantitatif. Metode Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode cakap dan metode simak. Analisis data menggunakan metode padan fonetis artikulatoris dengan teknik pilah sebagai teknik dasar serta teknik hubung banding sebagai teknik lanjutan, sedangkan untuk menentukan status kebahasaan dan persentase kekerabatan digunakan metode dialektometri. Penyajian hasil analisis data digunakan metode formal dan metode informal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sinkronis ditemukan variasi- variasi bunyi, yakni [a], [aɁ], [i], [u], [e], [ә], [o], [oɁ], [aw], [ew], [iy], [p], [b], [t], [k], [g], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [s], [d], [h], [Ɂ], dan [l] dalam beberapa posisi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diakronis ditemukan fonem PIBK dari hasil proses rekonstruksi protobahasa pada posisi tertentu. Fonem tersebut berupa enam fonem vokal dua gugus bunyi, yaitu vokal */i/, */u/, */e/,*/ә/, */o/ dengan luncuran gugus bunyi /oɁ/, dan */a/ dengan meluncurkan gugus bunyi/aɁ/ ; tujuh diftong */aw/, */ow/, */ew/, */iw/, */uw/ dan */iy/, */әy/ dan sembilan belasfonem konsonan */p/, */b/,*/t/, */k/, */g/, */m/, */n/, */ŋ/, */ɲ/, */s/, */d/, */h/, */Ɂ/,*/l/, */r/, */j/, */c/, */w/, dan */y/. Inovasi fonologis yang ditemukan berdasarkan kaidah perubahan bunyi, seperti: 1) metatesis; 2) afaresis; 3) pemecahan vokal; 4) apokop; dan 5) sinkop. Berdasarkan bukti-bukti sinkronis dan diakronis dengan menggunakan metode dialektometri serta hasil analisis data yang didapatkan di lapangan, IPp dinyatakan sebagai titik pengamatan yang masih mempertahankan isoleknya (konservatif). Kata Kunci: variasi, rekonstrusi, fonologi, dialektologi Abstract This research analyzed the small differences on dialect/language based on dialectology. The aims of this research are to explain the phonological variation, to reconstruct the phonological, and explain the phonological inovations and retentions found in Pulaupandan, Pengasi and Muak isolect. This descriptive study belongs to synchronic and diachronic with qualitative-quantitative approaches. The collecting of data used conversational method and participant observational method. Data analysis used phonetic articulatory method with sorting techniques as basic technique and comparating- connecting techniques as advanced techniques, while to determine the status of language and kinship percentage used dialectometry method. Presenting of data analysis results used formal and informal methods. Based on of the results analysis found variations synchronyc sounds, are, [a], [aɁ], [i], [u], [e], [ә], [o], [oɁ], [aw], [ew] , [iy], [p], [b], [t], [k], [g], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [s], [d], [h], [Ɂ], and [l] in some positions. Based on the results of analysis diachronic found PIBK protolanguage phoneme from reconstruction process results in a certain position. That Phonemes form six vowels and two cluster sounds, they are; */i/, */u/, */e/, */ә/, */o/ with a glide group sound /oɁ/, and */a/ with launched cluster sound /aɁ/; seven diphthong */aw/, */ow/, */ew/, */iw/, */uw/ and */iy/, */әy/ and nineteen consonant phonemes */p/, */b/, */t/, */k/, */g/, */m/, */n/, */ŋ/, */ɲ/, */s/, */d/, */h/, */Ɂ/, */l/, */r/, */j/, */c/, */w/, and*/y/. Phonological inovations were found based on the rules of sound changes, such as: 1) metathesis;2) aphaeresis; 3) vowels breaking; 4) apocope; and 5) of syncope. Based on the evidences of synchronicand diachronic with used dialectometry method and the results of the analysis of data obtained in thefield, IPp expressed as an observation point which still retain its isolect (conservative). Keywords: variation, recontruction, phonology, dialectology

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Fundamental Frequency and Tone in Arabic Vowels and Consonants by Indonesian Speakers Aged 5 Years Old

Jurnal Humaniora ◽

10.22146/jh.32581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Muhammad Ridwan ◽

Ulfah Nurul Amanah

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Vocal Cord ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Vowel Sound ◽

High Tone ◽

Basic Technique ◽

Interview Method ◽

Consonant Sounds

This study discusses the fundamental frequency and tone in Arabic vowels and consonants by Indonesian speakers aged 5 years old. The method of data collecting used an interview method by recording and writing techniques. It also employed one respondent who was 5 years old from the Javanese who resides in Surakarta city. The device used for recording was OPPO Joy 3 mobile phone, which is equipped with RecForge II program and microphone that can record sound clearly. An instrument that was used to know the fundamental frequency and tone was Praat 6.0.26 version. The method of data analysis employed comparing method using the basic technique of elemental sorter technique, connecting technique, and diﬀerential technique. The result of the analysis showed that the fundamental frequency is correlated with the tone. If the fundamental frequency was high and likewise the tone. A vowel sound with the high fundamental frequency is sound [u], followed by [i], then [a]. The high and low frequency of vowel sounds aﬀected the frequency of the consonant sound followed by the vowel. It was known that 52% of consonants with the high tone were accompanied by punctuation [d̪ˤammah], 40% were accompanied by punctuation [kasrah], and 8% were accompanied by punctuation [fatħah]. The highest frequency sounding group was the apico-palatal sound. It happened since the apico-palatal sound was produced by vocal cord in a high vibration inﬂuencing the fundamental frequency and tone. Whereas, the group of consonant sounds with the lowest frequency was a pharyngeal sound as it had a low vibration on the vocal cord; hence, it only produced the low frequency sound.

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Konstruksi Teks Tale Ji Desa Tanjung Pauh Hilir Kerinci-Jambi: Kajian Antropolinguistik

Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya ◽

10.33087/dikdaya.v10i1.165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Retmal Karnomo

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Observational Method ◽

Affective Meaning ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Basic Technique ◽

Data Collecting ◽

Conceptual Meaning ◽

Contextual Meaning ◽

Process Material

This research is qualitave descriptive reserach that aimed to explain; (1) The transitivity structure of text of tale ji , (2) The Meaning of tale ji, and (3) Function of tale ji. The data are the texts of tale ji that uttered by the singers of tale Tanjung Pauh Hilir, Kerinci. This research was done through three steps: data collecting, data analysis, and data presentation. Data collecting is used observational method in which tapping as the basic technique. The advance techniques used nonparticipant observational, recording, and note taking techniques. Data analysis used comparison (translational, referential, pragmatics) and distributional methods (deletion and assertion). The data presentation is formal and informal. Based on analysis, the researcher found that: 1) The structure of transitivity that construct the text of tale ji are: a. Process; material, mental, behavioral, verbal, and existential. b. Participant; goal, carrier, attributive, senser, actor, behavior, verbiage, owner, sayer, and receiver. c. Sirkumstance; manner, place, time. Alaa - alaa ii aa oon and alaa - la hu allooh which those functions are as musicallity, dzikir,and the borderer between lyrics of tale ji. 2) The meaning of tale ji are coneptual, affective, collocative, and contextual meaning. Conceptual meaning of tale ji is the representation of Islam teaching aplication. Affective meaning of tale ji is the mental representation between jamaah of hajj and society. Collocative meaning of tale ji is the representation of massages, hopes and praying of penale. Contextual meaning of tale ji is the representation of kinship. 3) The functions of tale ji are assertive, directive, comissive, and ekspressive.

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ASIMILASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

Madah Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.31503/madah.v7i2.426 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Recording Technique ◽

Interview Method ◽

Language Data ◽

Selection Of

This study aims at describing the assimilation of Bonai Ulakpatian isolect in Riau Province. This study is a linguistics research about sound changing that occurs on the different sounds to be the same sounds at the position between two vowels in the middle of a word in an isolect that is used by Bonai ethnic group in Ulakpatian Village, Rokan Hulu Regency. The data of the research is the utterances data of Bonai ethnic group community that referred to in selection of language data. The data were collected by applying interview method by using conversation and recording technique. The data were described phonetically by using IPA symbol, the data were compared with PM and made conclusion The result of the research shows that Bonai Ulakpatian isolect has four assimilation forms at the position between two vowels in the middle of a word, namely 1) PM *nd/v-v> BU [n]/v-v, 2) PM *ŋg/v-v> BU [ŋ]/v-v, 3) PM *mb/v-v> BU [m]/v-v that are total progressive assimilation and phonetics assimilation, and 4) PM *nj/v-v> BU [ñ]/v-v that are reciprocal and phonemic assimilation.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan asimilasi pada isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik tentang perubahan bunyi yang terjadi pada bunyi-bunyi berbeda menjadi sama, yang berada pada posisi antara dua vokal di tengah kata dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Data berupa tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pentranskripsian fonetis dengan simbol IPA, pembandingan data dengan leksikon PM, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki empat bentuk asimilasi pada posisi antara dua vokal di tengah kata, yaitu 1) PM*nd/v-v> BU [n]/v-v, 2) PM*ŋg/v-v> BU [ŋ]/v-v, 3) PM*mb/v-v> BU [m]/v-v yang merupakan asimilasi progresif total dan asimilasi fonetis, dan 4) PM*nj/v-v> BU [ñ]/v-v yang merupakan asimilasi resiprokal dan fonemis.

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KORESPONDENSI FONEMIS BAHASA SUNDA DAN BAHASA JAWA

IdeBahasa ◽

10.37296/idebahasa.v2i2.44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 121-132

Author(s):

Shifa Nur Zakiyah ◽

Susi Machdalena ◽

Tb. Ace Fachrullah

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Interview Techniques ◽

Data Source ◽

Historical Comparative ◽

Linguistic Approach ◽

The Relationship ◽

Recording Techniques

This article discussed the phonemic correspondence in Sundanese and Javanese using a historical comparative linguistic approach. The problem to be examined in this study is the form of phonemic correspondence in Sundanese and Javanese. The purpose of this study was to determine the phonemic correspondence sets in the comparison between Sundanese and Javanese. The method used in this research to analyze the data is the phonemic correspondence method. The correspondence method is used to find the relationship between languages in the field of language sounds (phonology). Phonemic correspondence is used to determine regular phonemic changes in the languages being compared. Data collection used interview techniques, note techniques and recording techniques. After the data is collected, then the data is classified according to the problem being studied and grouped into more specifics. After that, conclusions will be made based on the results of the data analysis. The data source obtained comes from 200 swadesh vocabularies in Sundanese and Javanese. From 200 swadesh vocabulary data found 49 data included in phonemic correspondence which is divided into 12 correspondence sets. The results of this study include the formation of correspondences in Sundanese and Javanese, namely, (ɛ ~ i) and (i ~ ɛ), (a ~ ɔ) and (ɔ ~ a), (d ~ D), (t ~ T) , (ɤ ~ ə), (b ~ w), (ɔ ~ u) and (ɔ ~ U), (i ~ I), (ø ~ h) and (h ~ ø), (ø ~ m), and (a ~ ə).

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Identification of Anggah-Ungguh Kruna Balinese Language

International Journal of Linguistics Literature and Culture ◽

10.21744/ijllc.v3i6.557 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

I Nyoman Suwija

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Recording Technique ◽

Interview Method ◽

Word Level ◽

Regional Languages ◽

Descriptive Method

Balinese language is one of the regional languages in Indonesia that has a unique talk system, it is still alive and used as an instrument of communication of Balinese tribe so that it should be well maintained in order to still exist as a cultural vehicle of Bali. The Balinese language has anggah-ungguh kruna (level-word) that an important role in the formation of speech-level or anggah-ungguh basa Bali. This paper aims to describe the identification anggah-ungguh kruna (word level arrangement) which is the specific feature of speaking Balinese. This research is a qualitative research discuss with structuralism theory. Data collection was done by observation and interview method, assisted by recording technique. The collected data is processed by analytical descriptive method. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be described that anggah-ungguh kruna basa Bali include: (1) kruna nenten alus (kruna kasar, mider, and andap); (2) kruna alus, include: (kruna alus singgih, alus sor, alus mider, and alus madia).

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ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM PIDATO MAHASISWA MPBI-UMS [Analysis of Language Errors in MPBI-UMS Student Speech]

TOTOBUANG ◽

10.26499/ttbng.v9i2.303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 185-196

Author(s):

Wara Angreni ◽

Atiqa Sabardila

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Research Method ◽

Distribution Method ◽

Student Speech ◽

Reading Technology ◽

Data Source ◽

Phonological Change ◽

Phonological Errors ◽

Matching Techniques

This study aims to describe the form of speech errors of the candidates for Regional Head of Kulon Progo Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptions. The data source is the utterances of the student speech. The data collection techniques are listening and note-taking. The data analysis used referential matching techniques and articulatory phonetic equivalents, extension techniques in the distribution method and sign reading technology. The results of the study shows that there are language errors in the form of speech of the candidates for Regional Head of Kulon Progo Regency The five areas of error are (1) phonological errors including phonological change, phoneme formation and pronunciation, (2) morphological errors including prepositions, repetition, tone, and combination of meN- and -kan prefixes, (3) syntax errors including ambiguous sentences, redundant words, and unclear sentence types (4) sociolinguistic errors, including misuse of language coding in sentences, and (5) spelling errors in capital letters, and punctuation. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pidato mahasiswa calon kepala daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskripsi kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa tuturan pidato mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan simak dan catat. Analisis data menggunakan teknik padan referensial dan padan fonetis artikulatoris, teknik perluasan dalam metode agih dan teknologi membaca tanda. Hasil penelitian terjadi kesalahan bahasa pada bentuk tuturan pidato mahasiswa calon kepala daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo memiliki lima wilayah kesalahan yaitu (1) kesalahan fonologi termasuk kesalahan perubahan fonem, kesalahan pembentukan dan pengucapan fonem, (2) kesalahan morfologi meliputi preposisi, penulisan ulang, bentuk nada, dan tulis kombinasi prefiks meN- dan -kan, (3) kesalahan sintaks termasuk kalimat yang ambigu, rancu, kata-kata yang berlebihan, jenis kalimat yang tidak jelas (4) kesalahan sosiolinguistik, termasuk penyalahgunaan campur kode bahasa dalam kalimat, dan (5) kesalahan ejaan dalam huruf kapital, dan tanda baca.

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Kesalahan Berbahasa dalam Modul I Bahasa Indonesia PPG Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020

Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.24036/jbs.v9i2.112391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 193

Author(s):

Rahmad Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Word Formation ◽

Matching Method ◽

Linguistic Rules ◽

Language Data ◽

Linguistic Categories ◽

Word Writing ◽

Writing Errors ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

This research is here to explain several forms of errors in the material module of the Pendidikan Profesi Guru Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020. Research on the analysis of language errors in the PPG module has never been carried out. In data collection, used the Listening method with the Note Technique. The data are recorded in such a way in tabulations. In analyzing the data, the Intralingual Matching method was used with HBS and HBB techniques. HBS and HBB techniques are realized by comparing between language data and applicable rules. Furthermore, deviant linguistic data are classified based on the types of violations against linguistic rules and theories. The presentation of the results of data analysis in this study is based on the taxonomy of linguistic categories in language error analysis. The results showed that in the module I PPG Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020 there were spelling errors in the form of punctuation errors, capital letters errors, italicization errors, and word writing errors; morphological errors in the form of word formation errors and word non-conformity; syntactic errors in the form of misuse of conjunctor and ineffective sentences.

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