RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE OPERATION OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS OF THE RECLAMATION MODE OF AGROECOSYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I. F. YURCHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Automation Equipment ◽  
Conducting Research

The publication presents the results of research on the formation of theoretical and practical recommendations for agricultural producers, preparing requirements for development, implementing and operating automation systems for agricultural production in the reclamation sector of the economy. The object of research was the management systems of the reclamation regime of agroecosystems,the subject – the systems of automation of technological processes of agricultural production. As a methodological basis for conducting research, an information-analytical approach was chosen, including a systematic and comparative analysis, methods of expert and heuristic assessment of the results obtained. An analysis of the use of the opportunities, advantages and achievements of digitalization and automation of production processes in agrobusiness was carried out, which revealed a serious lag in the procedures and operations for introducing already developed digital technologies into production. The tasks of the effective formation of digitalization of agricultural production, focused on the priority use of digital competencies of all participants in the agribusiness process as a whole and each participant separately, have been formulated and solved. An algorithm of actions in the implementation of automation systems for reclaimed agroecosystems has been developed in a universal format, ensuring the success of their functioning. Measures have been developed for the introduction of automated technologies for managing agroecosystems, contributing to the efficiency of digitalization of agricultural production. These include: the choice of the site for the application of the APCS, the assessment of the need for resources for the successful functioning of innovations, the formation and implementation of measures for the construction and installation work, commissioning and trial operation of automation equipment, the creation of instructive and methodological support of production operation of automated technologies. Thus, in the current realities of the formation of digitalization of agro-production on ameliorated lands, the role of the formation of new knowledge and skills in managing production processes, forming a single system with the production of products, increases, which makes it possible to minimize the time for introducing significant research results into the practice of operating agricultural systems.

scholarly journals The market of agricultural production services in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (97) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
H. Vyslobodska
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Definition Of

The article defines the role of the market of agricultural production services in the process of agricultural production. The works of domestic scientists devoted to the efficiency of agricultural production, services sphere and the market of agricultural production services are analyzed. A number of methods have been selected for this study. The essence of the concepts of production service and the market of agricultural production services is defined. There are established that the volume of use of production services in the agricultural production process depends on the area under crops in crop production and the number of heads in animal husbandry. The dynamics of changes in sown areas and livestock in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that all production operations in agriculture are carried out in accordance with the technological maps. The definition of the concept of “technological map” is given. Information on the composition of agricultural production services in the field of crop production is given. It is established that agricultural production services in crop production can be carried out both manually and mechanized. The importance of technical equipment of the agricultural enterprise for the implementation of the production process was showed. The presence of the main types of agricultural machinery in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and households is analyzed. The peculiarities inherent only in production services in the field of agriculture are highlighted. The dependence of the volumes of production services on the total volumes of sown areas in crop production and animals in animal husbandry were shown. The concept of production outsourcing is defined and its place in the activity of agricultural producers is defined. The results of a sociological survey of consumers of agricultural production services are shown and analyzed.

Trends and current state of agriculture in the Irkutsk region

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
E.A. Ilyina ◽  
◽  
M.F. Tyapkina ◽  
Yu.D. Mongush ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Production Growth

The issue of food self-sufficiency in the region becomes the most relevant in times of crises and pandemics. To answer this question, it is necessary to analyze the current state of agriculture and identify trends inherent in the industry. The article assesses the role of agriculture in the economy of the region. The characteristics of the development of crop production and animal husbandry are given, quantitative and qualitative factors are analyzed, and production growth reserves are identified. The material and technical base of the industry is analyzed, the main directions of state support for agricultural producers are described, and a conclusion is formulated about the level of food self-sufficiency in the region under consideration. The directions of development of the industry to ensure the growth of gross agricultural production are proposed. The study is based on the statistical data of the Irkutsk region for the period 2005-2019.

scholarly journals Economic conditions of Hungarian agricultural producers in 1990s

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
L. Szabó ◽  
Zsarnóczai JS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Real Value

The main aims of this study are to describe how much the economic role of agriculture decreased, and this decrease comes mainly from some economic difficulties, for example weak income position of producers based on weak capital accumulation. So agricultural producers need financial supports to improve their production and favourable credit conditions. In 1990s during the last decade, the role of agriculture in the national economy decreased, which contributed to its decreasing share in GDP and real value of agricultural GDP. In 2001, in spite of the fact that the plant production considerably increased and the animal husbandry stagnated, the whole agricultural production volume was by 20 percent under its level of 1989. Finally by the end of 2001, the share of agriculture declined to 4 percent of GDP and together with food industry, their share was about 7 percent. The agricultural scissors increased considerably, namely from 126.5 percent in 1992 to 138.4 percent in 2001.The income conditions made a significant influence on the capacity of the agricultural sector in fields of investments and accumulation. The main problem was the decline of real value of investments. For example the real value of investments in 2001 had not implemented half of investments realised in 1989. This situation showed the low level of technological and technical development in the agricultural sector during a longer period, than a decade. It was important to increase different kinds of supports for agricultural producers, for example: export subsidies, interests of credits, supports for establishing new farmland structure. The share of supports for agricultural production and food industry was 12–14 percent of the two sectors’ GDP in 1990s. The development of the main factors of agricultural incomes was determined by index calculations based on the data of the APEH (Hungarian Tax and Financial Supervising Office) and EAA (Economic Accounts for Agriculture). The supports are needed, which are as follows: based on the APEH data, the profit before tax of 23 billion HUF in 1997 decreased to the loss-level of 8 billion HUF by the end of 1990s. The main aim for agricultural producers was to increase their capital accumulation to implement improvement of production in order to be competitive on the world and domestic markets. There is a difficulty that at the end of 1990s, only about 30 percent of the supports was directly provided for agricultural producers. In Hungary, without taxes and other different deprivals, the current value of production supports was over the level of incomes obtained in agricultural sector, but according to the calculation methods of the OECD, the value of PSE (PSE= Producer Support Estimate) index was at a very low level and it had a decreasing tendency, which could not ensure enough income for agricultural producers in Hungary. So the development of agricultural production cannot be realised additionally to the unfavourable background conditions for the sector. Comparing the support structure experienced in the OECD with that in Hungary, it can be declared, that within the PSE (Producer Support Estimate) during 1997–2000, the MPS (Market Price Support) declined, similarly it was in Hungary. In the OECD, the 8–9 percent share of payments based on input use has remained at same level within the PSE. The subsidy based on input use in Hungary was a main element within the overall subsidy system, and its proportion within the producer subsidy increased from 9 percent to 27 percent during the same period. The payment based on the regulation on input use (environment friendly production) also decreased and shared 2 percent within producer subsidies. In the OECD, payments based on farming income totalled only 1 percent of the total producer subsidies, as well as it was experienced in Hungary. Hungarian market price subsidies by products reveal that milk, eggs and poultry enjoyed a high Market Price Support. On the other hand, Market Price Support to beef cattle remained low.

scholarly journals Trends in Biotechnological Development of Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
V. F. Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern strategies of biotechnological development are expected to dramatically change not only production processes in agriculture, but the requirements to agricultural infrastructure, and the development strategy of rural territories as well. In the early 2000s, the construction of roads and water pipelines, gasifi cation, sustainable supply of electricity were among the main priorities. But current vital needs include sustainable mobile communication, high-speed Internet, Internet of things, digital technologies, robotics, smart farming etc. Only in this case agricultural production may experience maximum synergetic impact. (Research purpose) Evaluation and determination of the most optimal mechanisms and tools for the development and implementation of the biotechnological capacity of agriculture, working out proposals for consolidating the eff orts of the governement and agribusiness to transform the country into a leading agricultural and food power. (Materials and methods) The author analyzed agricultural development trends in modern conditions; evaluated the eff ectiveness of the processes determining the validity and reasonability of the implementation of innovative, best available, additive, digital, and other technologies in the production process. (Results and discussions) It has been determined that, in recent years, the most popular and sought-after are the technologies, which have ensured the achievement of the maximum synergistic eff ect from natural and biological resources utilized by agricultural producers, farmers and agricultural holdings. These include land, agricultural landscapes, soil biocenoses, water, and genetic productivity resources, i.e. plants, livestock, poultry, aquaculture objects, and other cultivated living organisms used by people, while observing the environmental law and preserving natural environment. (Conclusions) It has been established that modern vectors of biotechnological development radically change not only agricultural production processes, but also the requirements for agricultural infrastructure and the concept of rural area development. Currently, the four main strategies based on the paradigm of maximized utilization of the existing agrobiotechnological resources are considered to be the most vital, sustainable, and promising ones.

scholarly journals Positioning Bio-Based Energy Systems in a Hypercomplex Decision Space—A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Judit Oláh ◽  
József Popp ◽  
Szabolcs Duleba ◽  
Anna Kiss ◽  
Zoltán Lakner
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Essential Input

The optimization of the energy portfolio for a small, open, landlocked economy with rather limited fossil resources is a complex task because it must find a long-range, sustainable balance between the various goals of society under the constant pressure of different interest groups. The opinions of independent, informed experts could be an essential input in the decision-making process. The goal of this research was to determine the relative importance of the values and goals potentially accompanying projects, based on the utilization of bioenergy. The current research is based on a wide-ranging survey of 65 non-partisan experts, applying the Pareto analytic hierarchy process to ensure the unbiased prioritization of project segments. The results of the survey put a spotlight on the importance of the economic role of bioenergy projects. Contrary to previous expectations and considerations, the social functions of these projects have hitherto been given relatively little importance. The results highlight the importance of bioenergy in increasing the income-generating capacity of agricultural producers by optimal utilization of natural resources for agricultural production. This can be achieved without considerable deterioration of the natural environment. Modern agricultural production is characterized by high levels of mechanization and automatization. Under these conditions, the social role of bioenergy projects (job creation) is rather limited.

GOELRO plan is 100 years old

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Pavel A. BUTYRIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
State Plan

The historical context in which the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (GOELRO) was developed, establishment of the GOELRO Commission, the GOELRO Plan content, the specific features of its implementation, and the role of the plan in the soviet period of Russia’s history are considered. Attention is paid to the electrification plants of other countries and territories of all inhabited continents, and to the participation of states in the electrification of countries and regions with small-scale and agricultural production in the 1920 s. The specific features pertinent to the electrification of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic are pointed out, namely, low starting conditions (in 1923, the energy consumption per capita in Russia was 100 times lower than that in Norway), its being state-owned in nature and revolutionary in its purpose: to get done with the main upheavals in the country and to shift the national economy for fore efficient production. The role of V.I. Lenin and G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, who were the initiators of the electrification of Russia, is analyzed in detail. A conclusion is drawn about the need to study both the GOELRO Plan itself and the specific features and circumstances of its implementation within the framework of training modern specialists in electrical engineering.

Participant recruitment and data collection through Facebook: the role of personality factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Chandler Rife ◽  
Kelly L. Cate ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
David Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Promising Avenue

As participant recruitment and data collection over the Internet have become more common, numerous observers have expressed concern regarding the validity of research conducted in this fashion. One growing method of conducting research over the Internet involves recruiting participants and administering questionnaires over Facebook, the world’s largest social networking service. If Facebook is to be considered a viable platform for social research, it is necessary to demonstrate that Facebook users are sufficiently heterogeneous and that research conducted through Facebook is likely to produce results that can be generalized to a larger population. The present study examines these questions by comparing demographic and personality data collected over Facebook with data collected through a standalone website, and data collected from college undergraduates at two universities. Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist between Facebook data and the comparison data-sets, but since 80% of analyses exhibited partial η2 < .05, such differences are small or practically nonsignificant in magnitude. We conclude that Facebook is a viable research platform, and that recruiting Facebook users for research purposes is a promising avenue that offers numerous advantages over traditional samples.

The role of nitrogen in transforming British agricultural productivity production prior to and during the First World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-609
Author(s):  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
War Effort ◽  
First World

This paper explores the reasons why artificial or mineral sources of nitrogen, which were more readily available in Britain than in other European countries, were only slowly adopted by farmers in the decades prior to and during the First World War. It considers why nitrogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia, a by-product of coal-gas (town-gas) manufacture, was increasingly exported from Britain for use by German farmers. At the same time Britain was attempting to monopolise foreign supplies of Chilean nitrate, which was not only a valuable source of fertiliser for agriculture but also an essential ingredient of munitions production. The article also investigates the reasons why sulphate of ammonia was not more widely used to raise agricultural production during the First World War, at a time when food shortages posed a major threat to public morale and commitment to the war effort.

LEAD Farmer Based F2F Extension Mode l: Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras and Technology Adoption Determinants for Enhancing Model’s Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M S MEENA ◽  
R B KALE ◽  
S K SINGH ◽  
A K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Index Value

A study was undertaken in collaboration with eight Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and five Learning and Experience based Advisor (LEAD) farmers were selected by each KVK, employing socio-metric technique. Hence, data were solicited from 40 LEAD farmers from eight districts who were trained by KVKs. Role of KVKs were determined based on their Index Value (IV). Study reveals that KVKs played an important role in skill development of LEAD farmers through organisation of need based and skill-oriented trainings (IV=62) followed by front-line demonstrations on location specific agricultural technologies at farmers’ fields (IV=59.42), and developing linkages between LEAD and fellow farmers (IV=58.33). Key determinants accountable for enhancing effectiveness of this model were enhanced technology adoption (IV=60.13) followed by enhanced agricultural production (IV=57.48) and productivity (IV=57.10). Study reveals that one LEAD farmer adopted 5 agricultural technologies from KVKs. Further, fellow farmers adopted 2 agricultural technologies from LEAD farmers. Hence, it was concluded that this approach may play a significant role in complementing Indian public extension system through reducing cost and coverage of more farm families. This model needs community as well as government support for sustainability and its scalability.

scholarly journals Radiochemistry, Production Processes, Labeling Methods, and ImmunoPET Imaging Pharmaceuticals of Iodine-124

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Arijit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Clinical Environments

Target-specific biomolecules, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, and protein fragments are known to have high specificity and affinity for receptors associated with tumors and other pathological conditions. However, the large biomolecules have relatively intermediate to long circulation half-lives (>day) and tumor localization times. Combining superior target specificity of mAbs and high sensitivity and resolution of the PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging technique has created a paradigm-shifting imaging modality, ImmunoPET. In addition to metallic PET radionuclides, 124I is an attractive radionuclide for radiolabeling of mAbs as potential immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals due to its physical properties (decay characteristics and half-life), easy and routine production by cyclotrons, and well-established methodologies for radioiodination. The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the physical properties of iodine and iodine radionuclides, production processes of 124I, various 124I-labeling methodologies for large biomolecules, mAbs, and the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for various cancer targets in preclinical and clinical environments. A summary of several production processes, including 123Te(d,n)124I, 124Te(d,2n)124I, 121Sb(α,n)124I, 123Sb(α,3n)124I, 123Sb(3He,2n)124I, natSb(α, xn)124I, natSb(3He,n)124I reactions, a detailed overview of the 124Te(p,n)124I reaction (including target selection, preparation, processing, and recovery of 124I), and a fully automated process that can be scaled up for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) production of large quantities of 124I is provided. Direct, using inorganic and organic oxidizing agents and enzyme catalysis, and indirect, using prosthetic groups, 124I-labeling techniques have been discussed. Significant research has been conducted, in more than the last two decades, in the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for target-specific cancer detection. Details of preclinical and clinical evaluations of the potential 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals are described here.

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