scholarly journals Path analysis on the Determinants of Pap Smear Utilization for Cervical Cancer Early Detection in Women of Reproductive Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Gesit Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
◽  
Ambar Mudigdo ◽  
Isna Qadrijati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cancer Early Detection

Effect of Health Education with Flip Chart and Video on Knowledge about Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age in Nganjuk District, East Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ike Nurrochmawati ◽  
◽  
Ambar Dwi Retnoningrum ◽  
Remita Yuli Kusumaningrum ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Flip Chart ◽  
Independent Variable

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women. Pap smear and visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) are essential screening tests to early detect cervical cancer. However, the use of screening tests remained low among women of reproductive age in Nganjuk district, East Java. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health education using flip chart and video on knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Nganjuk district, East Java. Subjects and Method: A randomized control trial conducted in Rejoso, Nganjuk, East Java, from October to November 2019. A sample of 120 women of reproductive age was randomized into two groups: (1) Experiment group that received health education using a flip chart and video, and (2) Control group that received no intervention. The dependent variable was knowledge of early detection of cervical cancer. The independent variable was health education using a flip chart and video. The data were collected using questionnaire. The data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: After the intervention, knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer in the experimental group (Mean= 80.40; SD= 10.54) was higher than the control group (Mean= 70.53; SD= 9.68), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Health education using a flip chart and video is effective in improving knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age. Keywords: early detection, cervical cancer, health education, women of reproductive age Correspondence: Ike Nurrochmawati. School of Health Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk. Jl. Panglima Sudirman VI, Nganjuk, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282141578108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.36

scholarly journals Features of Pap smears in women of reproductive life with papillomavirus 16, 18

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Shafag Eldar Aliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cervical Disease

Introduction. According to modern data, cervical diseases do not occur by chance. Precancerous lesions vary from person to person and become invasive over time. The need for specific diagnostic methods for early detection of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age always remains relevant. Over the years, numerous diagnostic, cytological and histological studies have been carried out to identify malignant lesions of the cervix. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread sexually transmitted infection that affects both women and men around the world and plays an important role in the development of cervical disease. It is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States of America. For the first time in 1942, Papanicolaou emphasized the possibility of using smears (PAP smears) from the cervix and from the vagina to diagnose cervical disease. PAP preparations of smears are mainly multilayered flat epithelial cells of the ectocervix and vagina, endocervical cylindrical cells, including mononuclear and polynuclear inflammatory cells that enter the vagina through diapedesis from the surface of the epithelial layer, mixing with the mucoid fluid produced by the endocervical epithelial fluid. Purpose — using objective criteria for cytological examination to identify neoplastic changes in the cervix. Materials and methods. The study included 100 women of reproductive age (18–45 years old) during 2015–2020. Of these, 20 were in the control group (group I — control) and 80 — in the high-risk group for cervical cancer (group II — the main group). Group II women were also divided into 2 subgroups: II A — with pathology of the cervix (n=41), II B — without pathology of the cervix (n=39). The study included patients with a positive result on HPV 16/18 including patients whose PAP smears revealed intracellular damage. Pap smears were included in the study according to the following criteria. The smears contained a sufficient number of squamous epithelial cells and their integrity was preserved. Endocervical cells were monitored in all PAP smears. The examination was carried out with at least 5 cells in each, not completely, and with 2 clusters of endocervical glandular or squamous metaplastic cells. Squamous epithelial cells covered at least 10% of the preparation. Bloody, technically artifactic preparations without clinical data have not been studied. The deficit rate did not exceed 3%, and high interest rates on artifacts were not included in the study. Despite the small number of cells in the presence of abnormal cells, this was unequivocally considered sufficient. Results. Interpretation of PAP smear results identified n=35 ASCUS patients, n=24 LSIL, n=21 HSIL patients in the PAP smear positive reproductive age group. HPV serotypes 16.18 were found in 24 of these patients. In women of the II B subgroup, no pathological changes in the cervix were observed. Conclusions. In women of reproductive age with positive HPV 16, 18, for the diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix, taking pap smears is an integral part of the study. As a result of the study, it was revealed that, despite the absence of a clinical picture, pathological changes at the cell level are detected. Key words: HPV16, 18, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, PAP.

scholarly journals Women’s knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Dini Andriyani ◽  
Fathiyatur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. In Indonesia, only 5% of women of reproductive age screen for cervical cancer. 76.6% of cervical cancer patients are detected with the disease when they entered the advanced stage. Early detection of cervical cancer is the key intervention in the reduction of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Other studies reported that the awareness of women of reproductive age to do cervical cancer screening is still very low due to a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer in women in reproductive age. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a total of 36 women in reproductive age. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. Statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in early detection of cervical cancer, which is p value = 0.020 ( 0.05) and coefficient of contingency (r) = 0.423. The level of closeness of the correlation is medium. Therefore, there is a need for tailored services that could improve knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer to improve participation with a view to preventing cervical cancer by early detection.

scholarly journals Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Pelaksanaan Pap Smear Pada Ibu Pasangan Usia Subur di Dusun Kemasan Desa Karang Tengah Imogiri Bantul Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Chusnul Khotimah ◽  
Dyah Noviawati Setya Arum ◽  
Munica Rita Hernayanti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cost Factors

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. In developing countries still ranks first as a cause of cancer deathsin women of reproductive age. Pap smear has proved very useful for early detection of cervical cancer since pre-cancerous stage,but many women are reluctant to undergo a pap smear because of ignorance, shame, fear, and cost factors. While the Pap smearcoverage lowest in Imogiri health center II is 0%. The type of research is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach. Todescribe the level of knowledge and overview of the implementation of Pap smears in women in fertile age couple in the KemasanHamlet Karang Tengah Village Imogiri Bantul. The entire population of mothers in fertile age couple who attended of the PKK andwilling to become respondents in the Kemasan Hamlet Karang Tengah Village Imogiri Bantul. The results of research that themajority of respondents aged> 35 years (51.1%), basic education (50%), does not work (53.44%), obtain resources through onesource (63.3%). The level of knowledge about Pap smears in women PUS (Pasangan Usia Subur) in the Kemasan Hamlet KarangTengah Village Imogiri Bantul 2015 is in the category enough that 72.7% and most did not carry out pap smear that is, 86.4%. Theconclusion that the level of knowledge about the EFA mother pap smear EFA in the Kemasan Hamlet Karang Tengah Village ImogiriBantul 2015 enough and did not carry out pap smear.

scholarly journals Motivation on Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Khotimah ◽  
◽  
Dwi Ernawati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer ranked the fourth most cancer incidence in women. WHO announced that 311,000 women died from the disease in 2018. Cervical cancer screening uptake remains low, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review aimed to investigate the motivation for early detection of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ResearchGate, and grey literature through the Google Scholar search engine databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2010 and 2020. A total of 275 articles were obtained by the searched database. After the review process, twelve articles were eligible for this review. The quality of searched articles was appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Seven articles from developing countries (Jamaica, Nepal, Africa, Nigeria, Libya, and Uganda) and five articles from developed countries (England, Canada, Sweden, and Japan) met the inclusion criteria with cross-sectional studies. The selected existing studies discussed 3 main themes related to motivation to early detection of cervical cancer, namely sexual and reproductive health problems, diseases, and influence factors. Conclusion: Motivation for cervical cancer screening uptake is strongly related to the early detection of cervical cancer among reproductive-aged women. Client-centered counseling and comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education play an important role in delivering information about the importance of cervical cancer screening. Keywords: motivation, cervical cancer, screening, early detection, reproductive-aged Correspondence: Siti Nurul Khotimah. Health Sciences Department of Master Program, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281227888442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.65

scholarly journals Faktor Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks Metode IVA pada Wanita Usia Subur

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Nur Asni Arti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling

ABSTRAKMeningkatnya kejadian kanker serviks terutama disebabkan masih rendahnya perilaku wanita usia subur (WUS) untuk deteksi dini kanker serviks. Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk mendeteksi kanker serviks secara dini adalah melalui metode inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA). Cakupan IVA di Desa Payageli sangat rendah sebesar 2,8%, masih di bawah target nasional (80%). Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan pendidikan dan pengetahuan dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA pada WUS di Desa Payageli, Kecamatan Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan metode potong lintang yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2016. Cara pemilihan sampel ialah probability sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 65 orang wanita usia 20-45 tahun. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun oleh peneliti dan telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik faktor pendidikan dan pengetahuan berhubungan dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA dengan nilai p0,05. Variabel pendidikan merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA. Diskusi: Rendahnya pengetahuan dapat memengaruhi WUS untuk melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Kesimpulan: Peran petugas kesehatan untuk lebih aktif melakukan penyuluhan atau memberikan KIE (komunikasi, informasi, edukasi) kepada WUS tentang deteksi dini kanker serviks dengan metode IVA.Kata Kunci: IVA, kanker serviks, deteksi diniFACTORS RELATED TO EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER USING IVA METHOD AY PAYAGELI VILLAGE, SUNGGAL , DELI SERDANGABSTRACTThe increasing incidence of cervical cancer is primarily caused by low behavior of women of reproductive age towards early detection of cervical cancer One of the government’s efforts to detect cervical cancer early is through a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) method. The coverage of VIA at Payageli Village is very low by 2.8%, which is below the national target of 80%. Objective: To analyze the correlation of education and knowledge with early detection of cervical cancer using VIA method in women of reproductive age in Payageli Village, Sunggal Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. Methods: This research is an analytic study using a cross sectional method which was conductedfrom February to June 2016. Samples were taken using probability sampling with a sample size of 65 women aged 20-45 years. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using questionnaires that was made by the researcher and its validity and reliability had been tested. Data was analyzed using chi square test. Results: The research indicated that statistically the factors of education and knowledge correlated with early detection of cervical cancer using VIA method with p value of <0.05. the education variable was the most dominant variables correlated with early detection of cervical cancer using VIA method. Discussion: Poor knowledge may affect women of reproductive age to perform early detection of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Healthcare workers should play more active role in giving counseling or providing communication, information and education to women of reproductive age about early detection of cervical cancer by using VIA method.Keywords: VIA, cervical cancer, early detection

scholarly journals Effect of Perceived Benefit on Pap Smear Examination Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari ◽  
Rita Benya Adriani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Belief Model

ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. Pap smear examination can detect early and prevent late diagnosis of cervical cancer. Perception of benefits is one of the constructs of the Health Belief Model that can predict women’s intention in having a Pap smear. This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived benefit on Pap smear uptake using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta analysis was conducted by searching articles from PubMed, Springer Link, Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” OR “Perceived Benefit” AND “Pap smear” OR “Pap Test”. The inclusion criteria were full text, articles published from 2014 to 2019, and using cross sectional study design. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: There were 6 articles that met the criteria. This study reported that strong perceived benefit increased Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age (aOR= 1.15; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.24; p<0.001) with I2 = 88%. Conclusion: Strong perceived benefit increases Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age. Keywords: perceived benefit, pap smear, cervical cancer, health belief model Correspondence: Maranata. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085867548771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.133

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WANITA USIA SUBUR DALAM MELAKUKAN DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Ryta Marbun ◽  
Yovieta Yovieta ◽  
Oktavia Oktavia ◽  
Nurul Aswar Fadilla Daulay ◽  
Tuti Handayani Lubis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and 70% of cancers occur in low- and middle-income countries. incidence rate of 17 per 100,000 women, new cases found 13.0% with a death rate of 10.3% per year of all cancer cases in women in the world. Cervical cancer is caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is a viral infection that attacks the reproductive tract. It takes 15 to 20 years for cervical cancer to develop in women with normal immune systems. IVA is an alternative screening examination to the pap smear because it is cheap, practical, very easy to do and simple equipment and can be done by health workers other than gynecologists. The IVA test was carried out by preparing 5% acetic acid and made on a cotton swap then a cotton swap was applied to the cervix and interpreted after 1 minute under bright light. The test is said to be positive if a white area is visible on the cervix. confusion about the importance of examinations, fear of the reality of the results faced, fear of feeling sick at the examination that will be faced, feeling reluctant to be examined by a male doctor or midwife and lack of family support, especially husbands. This research was conducted with a descriptive analytic research type with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were women of childbearing age aged 20-65 years. = 0.032 where p value> 0.05. with good knowledge of WUS, the desire to do early detection is also there as well as the attitude, if the attitude of WUS is positive, then do an IVA test. Therefore, knowledge and positive attitudes are very important for women women so that it will increase awareness and interest in women in early detection of cervical cancer. Women of reproductive age should get a lot of information about early detection and the role of health workers and their families is very important to be able to provide information and support for women of childbearing age to carry out early detection of cervical cancer.   Abstrak Kanker merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua secara global dan 70% kanker terjadi di negara-negara yang memiliki penghasilan rendah dan menegah. incidence rate 17 per 100.000 perempuan, kasus baru yang ditemukan 13,0% dengan jumlah kematian 10,3% per tahun dari seluruh kasus kanker pada perempuan di dunia. kanker serviks disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Papilomavirus (HPV). HPV merupakan infeksi virus yang menyerang saluran reproduksi. Dibutuhkan 15 hingga 20 tahun untuk kanker serviks untuk berkembang pada wanita dengan sistem kekebalan normal.  IVA merupakan pemeriksaan skrining alternatif dari pap smear karena murah, praktis, sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan peralatan sederhana serta dapat dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan selain dokter ginekologi. Pemeriksaan IVA tes dilakukan dengan menyiapkan Asam asetat 5% dan dibuat pada cotton swap kemudian cotton swap dioleskan pada serviks dan diinterpretasikan setelah 1 menit di bawah cahaya terang. Tes dikatakan positif jika area putih terlihat pada serviks. keraguang akan pentingnya pemeriksaan, takut terhadap kenyataan akan hasil yang dihadapi, ketakukatan merasa sakit pada pemeriksaan yang akan dihadapi, rasa segan diperiksa dokter pria atau pun bidan dan kurangnya dukungan keluarga terutama suami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah wanita usia subur yang berusia 20-65 tahun Pengetahuan wanita usia subur ada hubungan dalam melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks dengan IVA Tes dengan nilai p = 0.000 dimana nilai p > 0.05 dan adanya hubungan Sikap dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks dengan nilai p=0.032 dimana nilai p>0.05. dengan baikya pengetahuan  WUS maka keinginan untuk melakukan deteksi dini juga ada begitu juga dengan sikap, jika sikap WUS positif maka melakukan pemeriksaan IVA tes.  Oleh sebab itu pengetahuan dan sikap positif sangat penting dimiliki oleh WUS sehingga akan meningkatkan kesadaran dan  minat wus dalam  melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Wanita Usia Subur harus mendapatkan banyak informasi tentang dekteksi dini dan peran petugas kesehatan dan juga keluarga sangat penting untuk dapat memberikan informasi dan dukungan bagi wanita usia subur untuk melakukan pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker servik.

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