The evaluation of glutathione concentration in whole blood of Holstein dairy calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of total (T-GSH), oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood of clinically healthy calves, to assess the effect of sex and age together with the type of feeding on its concentrations, and to assess the relationships between glutathione and metabolic indices. A total of 117 Holstein calves at the age of 1 day to 6 months were divided according to age and together with the type of feeding into 4 groups: colostrum and transition milk (n = 20), native milk (n = 39), milk replacer (n = 29) and total mixed ration (n = 29). Blood serum was used for the assessment of the metabolic profile of calves. The concentrations of individual forms of glutathione (mean ± SEM) were as follows: T-GSH: 789.1 ± 19.4 µmol/l, GSSG: 54.2 ± 4.3 µmol/l, GSH: 681.6 ± 15.3 µmol/l, and GSH/GSSG: 41.1 ± 5.9, with the coefficients of variability of 26.6%, 85.3%, 24.3% and 157.4%, respectively. Age and the type of feeding affected GSSG (P ≤ 0.01) and GSH/GSSG (P ≤ 0.01). The relationships between glutathione and biochemical parameters were mostly weak. T-GSH correlated with creatinine (P ≤ 0.05) and chlorides (P ≤ 0.05); GSSG correlated with albumin (P ≤ 0.01), creatinine (P ≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P ≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.01), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P ≤ 0.05) and calcium (P ≤ 0.05); GSH/GSSG ratio correlated with creatinine (P ≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P ≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.05), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P ≤ 0.01) and calcium (P ≤ 0.05). The evaluation of individual forms of glutathione helps in estimation of redox status in healthy animals and their monitoring can detect the stress extent.

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Bergenin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Activity Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in ICR Mice

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:297-302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 297-302

Author(s):

Sriset Yollada ◽

Chatuphonprasert Waranya ◽

Jarukamjorn Kanokwan

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Hepatic Glutathione

Bergenin is a C-glucoside derivative of gallic acid but its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects have not previously been compared with gallic acid. Male ICR mice were administered bergenin (10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day) or gallic acid (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days before a single administration of ethanol (5 g/kg). Liver sections were histopathologically examined. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in plasma. Total glutathione, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione levels were determined in liver homogenates. Ethanol induced hepatic injury with prominent histopathological markers including nuclear pyknosis and necrotic areas and this accorded with increases in the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde. Moreover, ethanol disturbed hepatic glutathione homeostasis by reducing glutathione stores. Hepatic injury in the ethanol-induced mice was prevented with bergenin and gallic acid by significant decreases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels and restoration of the hepatic glutathione profile through an increase in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Bergenin at 10 mg/kg/day showed comparable hepatoprotective activity to gallic acid in an ethanol-induced mouse model of oxidative stress. Therefore, bergenin might be a promising candidate for further development as a novel hepatoprotective product.

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Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Jackeline Thais Silva ◽

Evangelina Miqueo ◽

Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽

Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽

Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Intermediate Metabolism ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Solid Diet ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Methionine Supplementation ◽

Daily Intakes

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves’ performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.

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PSIX-6 Gastrointestinal microbiome of calves fed solid diets containing different levels and sources of NDF

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 418-419

Author(s):

Gercino F Virgínio Júnior ◽

Milaine Poczynek ◽

Ana Paula Silva ◽

Ariany Toledo ◽

Amanda Cezar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Illumina Miseq ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Miseq Platform ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Different Levels

Abstract Different levels and sources of NDF can modify the gastrointestinal microbiome. This study evaluated 18 Holstein calves housed in not-bedded suspended individual cages and fed one of three treatments: 22NDF - conventional starter containing 22% NDF (n = 7); 31NDF - starter with 31% NDF, replacing part of the corn by soybean hull (n = 6); and 22NDF+H - conventional starter with 22% NDF plus coast-cross hay ad libitum (n = 5). All animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (24% CP; 18.5% fat; diluted to 12.5% solids), divided into two meals, being weaned at 8th week of age. After weaning, animals were housed in tropical shelters, fed with the respective solid diet and coast-cross hay ad libitum for all treatments. To evaluate the microbiome, ruminal fluid samples were collected using a modified Geishauser oral probe at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, two hours after the morning feeding, and fecal samples were collected at birth (0) and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10. The microbial community was determined by sequencing V3 and V4 region amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene that was amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Ruminal microbiome had no differences in diversity for the effects of weeks, treatments or interaction of both factors (Table 1). In feces, the diversity indices and evenness were higher for 22NDF+H when compared to 22NDF, with no difference for 31NDF. All indices were significantly affected by calves age. At birth, calves had the greatest diversity and richness. Week 1 and 2 had less evenness and diversity. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes_A and Firmicutes_C were the most abundant phylum in rumen and feces. The supply of hay was only effective in modifying the fecal microbiome of dairy calves, suggesting a resilience in the ruminal microbiome.

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Dietary Black Seed Effects on Growth Performance, Proximate Composition, Antioxidant and Histo-Biochemical Parameters of a Culturable Fish, Rohu (Labeo rohita)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Maria Latif ◽

Mehwish Faheem ◽

Asmatullah ◽

Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽

Hien Van Doan

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Black Seed

This feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary black seed (Nigella sativa) supplementation on the growth performance, muscles proximate composition, antioxidant and histo-biochemical parameters of rohu (Labeo rohita). Fingerlings (8.503 ± 0.009 g) were fed on 0.0%, 1% and 2.5% black seed supplemented diets for 28 days. Fish sampling was done on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of experiment. The results of the present study indicated that black seed supplementation significantly increased growth performance and muscles protein contents of rohu over un-supplemented ones. Lipid peroxidation levels significantly decreased in all the studied tissues (liver, gills, kidney and brain) of black seed fed rohu, whereas the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) activities were increased in all the studied tissues of black seed supplemented rohu at each sampling day. The hepatic-nephric marker enzymes levels were decreased for black seed fed rohu. The present study showed that tested black seed levels are safe for rohu. Black seed is cheaply available in local markets of Pakistan; therefore, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that black seed has potential to be used as natural growth promoter and antioxidant in the diet of rohu.

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The role and importance of biochemical markers in diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1204152t ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (3-4) ◽

pp. 152-157

Author(s):

Snezana Tesic-Rajkovic ◽

Biljana Radovanovic-Dinic ◽

Tatjana Jevtovic-Stoimenov

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Serum Amylase ◽

Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Serum Lipase ◽

Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Introduction. Alcoholic acute pancreatitis occurs in 10% of alcoholics, who take more than 80g alcohol daily. Different biochemical markers are used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, and some of them may help in establishing etiology of acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods. This study is a prospective review of 21 patients. All patients were hospitalized at the Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology or at the Department for Surgery of the Clinical Centre of Nis in the period from August 1st 2009 to March 1st 2010 with diagnosis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, biochemical analyses and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen were done in all patients. All patients provided data on alcohol abuse. Results. The analysis of the corresponding biochemical parameters revealed a statistically significant correlation between the following values: serum amylase and serum lipase (R=0.964674; p<0.001), cholesterol and triglycerides (R=0.93789; p<0.001), total and direct bilirubin (R=0.857899; p<0.001) and between aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (R=0.824461, p<0.001) in patients with alcoholic acute pancreatitis. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between the values of serum amylase and urinary amylase (R=0.582742, p<0.001). Discussion. The analysis of biochemical markers showed that some of them were significant for beforehand diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, which is in accordance with other studies. Conclusion Some biochemical parameters can be potential predictors of alcoholic acute pancreatitis (lipase/amylase ratio >2, greater ratio of aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase, enhanced triglycerides and values of mean corpuscular volume.

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The Effectiveness of Glutathione Redox Status as a Possible Tumor Marker in Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6183

Author(s):

Delia Acevedo-León ◽

Lidia Monzó-Beltrán ◽

Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril ◽

Nuria Estañ-Capell ◽

Natalia Camarasa-Lillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Redox State ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Redox Status ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Interventional Study ◽

Thiol Redox State ◽

Thiol Redox ◽

Glutathione Redox

The role of oxidative stress (OS) in cancer is a matter of great interest due to the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their oxidation products in the initiation of tumorigenesis, its progression, and metastatic dissemination. Great efforts have been made to identify the mechanisms of ROS-induced carcinogenesis; however, the validation of OS byproducts as potential tumor markers (TMs) remains to be established. This interventional study included a total of 80 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 60 controls. By measuring reduced glutathione (GSH), its oxidized form (GSSG), and the glutathione redox state in terms of the GSSG/GSH ratio in the serum of CRC patients, we identified significant changes as compared to healthy subjects. These findings are compatible with the effectiveness of glutathione as a TM. The thiol redox state showed a significant increase towards oxidation in the CRC group and correlated significantly with both the tumor state and the clinical evolution. The sensitivity and specificity of serum glutathione levels are far above those of the classical TMs CEA and CA19.9. We conclude that the GSSG/GSH ratio is a simple assay which could be validated as a novel clinical TM for the diagnosis and monitoring of CRC.

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Supplementation of Holstein dairy calves fed two levels of crude protein with methionine and lysine

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 442-451

Author(s):

M. Niroumand ◽

K. Rezayazdi ◽

M. Ganjkhanlou

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Amino Acid Balance ◽

Immunoglobin G ◽

Daily Gain

This study aimed to investigate various levels of crude protein (CP) in starter diets and their supplementation with amino acids (AAs) on efficiency, health, and serum metabolites of dairy calves. Ninety-six newborn Holstein calves were allocated to eight treatments, namely T1) 18% CP unsupplemented starter, T2) T1 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T3) T1 with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, T4) T1 with additional 20% lysine, T5) 22% CP unsupplemented starter, T6) T5 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T7) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, and T8) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine. Consumption of the starter was not influenced by the level of CP. Calves that received the unsupplemented 22% CP starter had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final weight. But no significant differences among diets were found in feed efficiency. Skeletal growth did not exhibit a clear trend. Calves that received T3 had fewer bouts of diarrhea and reduced body temperature. However, there were no significant dietary effects on immunoglobin G (IgG) or total protein concentration in blood. T1–T3 decreased serum urea concentration. Thus, use of T3 resulted in an improved amino acid balance, and was less expensive than the 22% CP starter.Keywords: amino acid, feed intake, immunity, pre-ruminant calf

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The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1117757/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽

Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽

Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽

Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari

Keyword(s):

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

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Biochemical liver function test parameter levels in relation to treatment response in liver metastatic colorectal patients treated with FOLFOX4 with or without bevacizumab

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1612615d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (11-12) ◽

pp. 615-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristina Denic ◽

Dino Tarabar ◽

Slobodan Obradovic ◽

Marija Ristic ◽

Jelena Spasic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Liver Function Test ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Stable Disease ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Function Test

Introduction. Combined use of bevacizumab and conventional anticancer drugs leads to a significant improvement of treatment response in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Conventional treatment protocols exert undesired effects on the liver tissue. Hepatotoxic effects are manifested as a disturbance of liver function test parameters. The relation between clinical outcome and disorder of biochemical parameters has not been completely evaluated. Objective. The objective of our study was to examine whether clinical outcome in patients with liver metastatic CRC correlates with the level of liver function test parameters. Methods. The study included 96 patients with untreated liver metastatic CRC who received FOLFOX4 protocol with or without bevacizumab. Biochemical liver parameters were performed before and after the treatment completion. Treatment response was evaluated as disease regression, stable disease, and disease progression. The patients were divided into three groups according to the accomplished treatment response. Results. In the group of patients with disease regression the post-treatment levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin were statistically significantly increased. In contrast to this, gamma-glutamyltransferase and protein post-treatment values were significantly lower in relation to initial values. In patients with stable disease, difference was found only in the level of proteins being lower after the treatment. In patients with disease progression, values of aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin were significantly increased after completed treatment. Conclusion. Treatment responses are not completely associated with the level of liver function test parameters. The only parameter which correlated with treatment response is gamma-glutamyltransferase. Its decrease is accompanied with disease regression.

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The effects of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight) on the activities of selected enzymes in sera of healthy young adults: 1. Intermediate-term effects.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/23.5.830 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 830-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D E Freer ◽

B E Statland

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Weight ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Ethanol Ingestion ◽

Similar Time ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Time Courses ◽

Apparently Healthy

Abstract We report the intermediate-term effects of three consecutive evenings of moderate ethanol ingestion (0.75 g/kg body weight each evening) on activity values for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in sera of nine apparently healthy young adults. We define "intermediate-term" effects as those occurring between 10 h and 100 h after completion of the ethanol consumption schedule. The most pronounced changes in enzyme activity for the group of volunteers were: gamma-glutamyltransferase, +25% at 60 h after ethanol ingestion; alanine aminotransferase, +12% at 60 h after ethanol; and aspartate aminotransferase,--12% at 60 h after ethanol. All three enzymes exhibited similar time courses, i.e., mean peak activity changes were observed at 60 h, and all three mean enzyme activity values returned to near baseline by 100 h. The possible explanations for the observed changes and the clinical significance are discussed.

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