scholarly journals HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe: update 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J van de Laar ◽  
G Likatavicius ◽  
A R Stengaard ◽  
M C Donoghoe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains of major public health importance in Europe, with evidence of increasing transmission of HIV in several countries. This article provides an overview of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance data, and indicates that since 2000 the rate of newly reported cases of HIV per million population has almost doubled in Europe. In 2007, a total of 48,892 cases of HIV infection were reported from 49 of 53 countries in the Region, with the highest rates in Estonia, Ukraine, Portugal and the Republic of Moldova. In the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries, the predominant mode of transmission for HIV infection is sex between men followed by heterosexual contact. Injecting drug use is still the main mode of transmission in the eastern part of the WHO European region, while in the central part heterosexual contact is the predominant mode of transmission. In 2007, the reported number of AIDS cases diagnosed decreased in the Region overall, except in the eastern part. HIV/AIDS surveillance data are vital to monitor the trends of the HIV epidemic and evaluate public health responses.

scholarly journals Differences in demographic characteristics, risky behavior and HIV status of men and women who were voluntarily and confidentially counseled and tested at the Counseling Center for HIV/AIDS of the Institute of Public Health in Belgrade

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Vesna Stijović ◽  
Pavle Piperac ◽  
Biljana Begović ◽  
Sandra Grujičić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction/Aim: Voluntary and confidential counseling and testing (VCCT) means getting information about HIV, ways of transmission, recognizing, reducing or avoiding risks for HIV infection, about safe sexual relations, the place where people can be tested, and what they should do depending on the test results in order to protect themselves and other people. The aim of this study was to examine differences in demographic characteristics, risky behavior and HIV status between men and women who were voluntarily and confidentially counseled and tested at the Counseling Center for HIV/AIDS of the Institute of Public Health in Belgrade. Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study and it included 3,480 persons (43.2% of women and 56.8% of men), who were counseled and tested at the Counseling Center for HIV/AIDS of the Institute of Public Health in Belgrade from 2017 to 2019. ch2 or Fisher's test was used for the statistical analysis of data. Results: The majority of women (42.1%) and men (42.5%) who were counseled and tested were in the age group 21-30 years. Men used DPST services significantly more often than women. HIV positive status was significantly more frequent in men (2.5%) than in women (0.3%). Women came significantly more often to voluntary counseling and testing due to the possible exposure to HIV infection by heterosexual contact (84.9%), accident (11.1%) and raping (1.0%), while men were counseled and tested due to heterosexual contact (59.3%), homosexual and bisexual contact (33.6%) and intravenous drug abuse (1.1%). Men used condoms always or often (40.1%) and had two or more partners (53.2%) more frequently during the last 12 months in comparison to women (24.2% and 20.6%). Conclusion: Voluntary and confidential counseling and testing is necessary in the fight against HIV infection, especially from the perspective of early discovering of people with this infection and education of HIV negative persons about risky sexual behavior and possible prevention measures.

TB and HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter examines the dual epidemic of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. There have been some major successes in the control of both HIV/AIDS and TB. The discovery and widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is among the greatest advances in public health during the past thirty years. The rise of TB cases in Africa and elsewhere and on the discovery and implementation of control measures raise a series of questions about the population biology of TB linked to HIV/AIDS. The chapter first provides an overview of HIV infection as a risk factor for TB before discussing the global epidemiology of TB linked to HIV/AIDS. It then describes the anatomy of a TB-HIV epidemic, along with TB control in the presence of HIV. In particular, it considers ART and isoniazid preventive therapy. The chapter concludes with the argument that the DOTS strategy is necessary but not sufficient for TB–HIV control.

scholarly journals A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Cristian Jianu ◽  
Sorana D. Bolboacă ◽  
Adriana Violeta Topan ◽  
Irina Filipescu ◽  
Mihaela Elena Jianu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study aimed to present a local view of HIV infection in the North-West part of Romania, and to identify the particularities of patients under medical care in the Cluj AIDS Center. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics (age and gender), and medical and epidemiological data (stage of HIV infection and mode of transmission) of patients in a medical care in the Cluj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Center were evaluated. Data from the first patients admitted between 1989 and 2018, and the statuses of the infected persons as per 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Nine hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study. The patients’ ages varied from 0 (newborns from HIV-infected mothers) to 72 years old, and most patients were men (596 men vs. 318 women). The main mode of transmission was sexual (>50%), with an increased number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last years (from two cases in 2006 to thirty-four cases in 2018), and a very small percentage of intravenous drug users (IDU; <1%). The patients from the Romanian cohort were more frequently women as compared with men (p-value <0.0001), women were more frequently later presenters than men (p-value <0.0001), and the women more frequently had candidosis (p-value = 0.0372), cerebral toxoplasmosis (p-value = 0.0404), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (p-value = 0.0018). One hundred and sixty patients died by the end of 2018 (17.5%). Sixty-eight children had been born from HIV-infected mothers, and 17 were HIV infected (25%). Conclusion: The main mode of HIV transmission in our sample was sexual, with an increased number of MSM over the last years and a low number of cases of intravenous drug users. A quarter of children borne from HIV-infected mothers were HIV infected.

scholarly journals HIV Infection in the Caribbean

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
V W Wheeler ◽  
K W Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The Caribbean is a multi-ethnic region with many different cultural differences. The majority of the population is of African descent, but there are also other ethnic groups present such as Indians, Chinese, Syrians and Europeans. The Caribbean region is influenced by countries such as the USA, Great Britain, France and Holland. The countries of the Caribbean have a serious problem with HIV infection and AIDS. The epidemiology of HIV infection in this region, is different from most other parts of the world in that the mode of spread does not easily fit into any of the three WHO patterns. This review shows that the infection initially started in the homosexual/bisexual community, but since then, it has moved to the heterosexual population and this form of contact is now the main mode of transmission of the virus. The Governments of the Caribbean countries have realized the extent of the problem and have taken measures to try to control the epidemic.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV/AIDS patients attending the ART centre of Amritsar, Punjab

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Sanjeev Mahajan ◽  
Tejbir Singh ◽  
Shyam Sunder Deepti
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Due to the large population size, India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. There is a need to study the socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV/AIDS patients for planning services for them. Moreover, it is important to understand the presentation of HIV disease in the local context and culture. There is paucity of studies related to socio-demographic profile of HIV/AIDS patients in Punjab.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre, Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 400 patients with age more than 18 years and residents of district Amritsar were interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Most of the patients (73.8%) belonged to the age group 41-60 years, 57.75% were males and 42.25% were females. Out of the total patients, 63.8% were married and 29% were widow/widower. There was a predominance of patients from rural areas and from the lower middle and upper lower socio-economic classes. Heterosexual contact was the commonest mode of transmission (66.5%) and felt sick was commonest reason (56.8%) for being tested for HIV. The most common presenting complaints were fever, weakness and weight loss.Conclusions: Majority of patients belonged to low socioeconomic status and productive age group with heterosexual contact being commonest mode of transmission. Females were usually infected secondarily and were diagnosed after the diagnosis of their husband.

Trends of the HIV/AIDS Phenomenon Dynamics in Romania from 2017-2027

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrioni Felicia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Prediction Function ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV infection remains of major public health importance in all world and in Romania. In Romania there are a large number of long-term survivors coming from the 1987-1990 generation, the circumstances are due to the fact that an increased number of HIV-infected persons receive a specific therapy. Methods: The study was conducted using sociological analysis methods such as comparative analysis, statistical analysis, and with the help of the method of regression analysis, to capture the dynamics of the HIV / AIDS phenomenon in Romania, as well as forecasting the dynamics of the phenomenon over the next decade. Results: This longitudinal analysis of the statistical data provided by the Matei Bals Institute of Romania during the period 2004-2016, shows a progressive increase 1.4 times higher in 2016 compared to 2004, the prediction of the extension of the HIV / AIDS phenomenon for the period 2017-2027, in Romania being almost constant. Regarding the prognosis of the number of persons affected by HIV / AIDS in Romania, for the next 10 years an upward dynamic is predicted with an increasing annual rate of 506 new persons taken into evidence. As the prediction function shows, the trend the access to treatment is increasing for the next decade. After 2006 in Romania, the deaths dynamics is an exponential decreasing one, keeping the same rate of decrease, until 2015. Conclusion: The HIV/AIDS pandemic has changed considerably in the past 27 years. AIDS incidence and mortality in industrialised countries have fallen, and paediatric HIV disease has almost been eliminated as a public health issue, largely through antiretroviral drugs.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of HIV patients attending ART centre in rural Western Maharashtra, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant D Deshpande ◽  
Purushottam A Giri ◽  
Deepak B Phalke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV infection represents a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries as it has grown to pandemic proportions worldwide. Spectrum of clinical presentation of HIV can vary with geographical distribu-tion, socioeconomic and cultural environment. The aim of this study was to examine the socio-demographic charac-teristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and the possible risk factors for ac-quiring HIV infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2011 at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a rural tertiary care hospital, situated in Maharashtra state of India. History and physical examination was done and recorded on a pre-designed schedule which included the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients. More than half of the subjects were in economically productive age group and male patients 166 (53.4%) outnumbered the female patients 145 (46.6%). There was a predominance of patients from rural loca-tions nearby the present ART centre. The patients were having low level of literacy and were from the lower middle and lower socio-economic classes. Among the spouses of male patients, 65 (44.8%) were HIV positive and among the spouses of female patients, 52 (35.7%) were HIV positive. Commonest mode of acquiring the infection was through heterosexual contact. Tuberculosis (62%) was the most common opportunistic infection. As per the WHO staging, 132 (42.5%) patients were in stage 3. Combination of behavioral risk factors and unawareness is responsi-ble for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. People with high-risk behavior and spouses of affected patients need to be edu-cated for primary and secondary prevention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15938 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 16-21

Epidemiological Characteristics on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Japan

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonobu Miyazaki ◽  
Mitsuhiro Naemura
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The first case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Japan was diagnosed in a homosexual male in 1985. The Ministry of Health and Welfare formed the AIDS Surveillance Committee, which publishes HIV seropositive and AIDS data at 2–month intervals. Excluding persons infected through blood products there were 971 HIV seropositives by April 1993, and 204 reported cases of AIDS. One of the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection and AIDS in Japan is the rapid increase of cases of transmissioin through heterosexual contact since 1991. Before this, homosexual transmission was the commonest reported mode of transmission. Sporadic cases of mother-to-child transmission and some cases due to injecting drug use were also reported. It is predicted that heterosexual contact will be the primary mode of transmission of HIV in the future. Virtually all the diagnosed AIDS cases so far have been reported to this surveillance network, and it will be an important task of the network to monitor the HIV seropositive cases.

scholarly journals Changing Scenario of Health Problems due to HIV Infection

2017 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Laveena D’Mello ◽  
Govindaraju B. M.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic, today has become not only a public health issue but also one that is seriously affecting the dynamics of the social, cultural, economic and developmental pace of the society. India has a population of 1.2 billion people, around half of whom are adults in the sexually active age group. The first AIDS case in India was detected in 1986 and since then HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories. Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, 2009 People living with HIV/AIDS is 2.39 million. Adult (15 years or above) HIV prevalence is 0.31%. Previously it was thought that around 5 million people were living with HIV in India - more than in any other country. Better data, including the results of a national household survey conducted in 2005-2006, led to a major revision of the prevalence estimate in July 2007. It is now thought that around 2.39 million people in India are living with HIV. Of these, an estimated 39% are female and 4 % are children. HIV prevalence in India may have declined slightly in recent years, though the epidemic is still growing in some regions and population groups. AIDS the killer diseases of the century is spreading with enormous rapidly and has now emerged as serious socio-economic and public health problems. The aim of the study is to find out changing scenario of Health Problems due to HIV infection. The objectives are to find out the socio-economic background of the respondents and to know the health issues of the positive people. The fifty samples 25 male and 25 female were selected from ART centre of Dakshina Kannada Districts at Karnataka State, India for this study

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness of AIDS among first year students of MBBS, BDS and BPT of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia- Vadodara

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3435
Author(s):  
Grishma Chauhan ◽  
Jatin Chhaya ◽  
Sanidhya Karve ◽  
Ronak Kankrecha ◽  
Dhruval Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Disastrous Effect ◽  
Transmission Of Disease ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Catastrophic potential of the pandemic of AIDS may still not have been fully apprehended in 21st century, even though disease was exploded since 1981. Lack of public health awareness is only identifiable factor that is responsible for disastrous effect of HIV/AIDS. It is more even danger if future doctors unaware of diseases dynamics of HIV infection or AIDS diseases. So, the current study was planned to know level of awareness regarding of HIV/AIDS among medical and paramedical students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University.Methods: Two hundred and eighty five students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University were interviewed with the help of pre-designed questionnaire to know the awareness of HIV/AIDS among students.Results: The students were knowledgeable about causative agent and modality of diagnosis. However, only half of students were agreed with the fact that, the treatment is available for AIDS. On contrary, 24.60% students had wrong belief that the vaccine against HIV/AIDS is available. A very few number of students had the misconceptions about modes of transmission. Knowledge of prevention of HIV infection was good among students. Media and doctor/ health worker were the most frequently reported sources of information as reported by 56.49%% and 34.39% of the students respectively.Conclusions: The students had a satisfactory knowledge on many aspects of HIV/AIDS, but also along with some misconception about transmission of disease.

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