scholarly journals New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1–producing Enterobacteriaceae: emergence and response in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Struelens ◽  
D L Monnet ◽  
A P Magiorakos ◽  
F Santos O’Connor ◽  
J Giesecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
Balkan Region

Acquired carbapenemases confer extensive antibiotic resistance to Enterobacteriaceae and represent a public health threat. A novel acquired carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), has recently been described in the United Kingdom and Sweden, mostly in patients who had received care on the Indian subcontinent. We conducted a survey among 29 European countries (the European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway) to gather information on the spread of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, on public health responses and on available national guidance on detection, surveillance and control. A total of 77 cases were reported from 13 countries from 2008 to 2010. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently reported species with 54%. Among 55 cases with recorded travel history, 31 had previously travelled or been admitted to a hospital in India or Pakistan and five had been hospitalised in the Balkan region. Possible nosocomial acquisition accounted for 13 of 77 cases. National guidance on NDM-1 detection was available in 14 countries and on NDM-1 control in 11 countries. In conclusion, NDM-1 is spreading across Europe, where it is frequently linked to a history of healthcare abroad, but also to emerging nosocomial transmission. National guidance in response to the threat of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is available in approximately half of the surveyed European countries. Surveillance of carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae must be enhanced in Europe and effective control measures identified and implemented.

scholarly journals Co-circulation of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in Dengue endemic region of New Delhi, India during 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (13) ◽  
pp. 1642-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hisamuddin ◽  
A. Tazeen ◽  
M. Abdullah ◽  
M. Islamuddin ◽  
N. Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractCo-circulation of Chikungunya and Dengue viral infections (CHIKV and DENV) have been reported mainly due to transmission by commonAedesvector. The purpose of the study was to identify and characterise the circulating strains of CHIKV and DENV in DENV endemic region of New Delhi during 2016. CHIKV and DENV were identified in the blood samples (n= 130) collected from suspected patients by RT-PCR. CHIKV was identified in 26 of 65 samples (40%). Similarly, DENV was detected in 48 of 120 samples (40%). Co-infection with both the viruses was identified in five (9%) of the samples. Interestingly, concurrent infection with DENV, CHIKV andPlasmodium vivaxwas detected in two samples. CHIKV strains (n= 11) belonged to the ECSA genotype whereas DENV-3 sequences (n= eight) clustered in Genotype III by phylogenetic analysis. Selection pressure of E1 protein of CHIKV and CprM protein of DENV-3 revealed purifying selection with four and two positive sites, respectively. Four amino acids of the CHIKV were positively selected and had high entropy suggesting probable variations. Co-circulation of both viruses in DENV endemic regions warrants effective monitoring of these emerging pathogens via comprehensive surveillance for implementation of effective control measures.

scholarly journals Outbreak of trichinellosis related to eating imported wild boar meat, Belgium, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Messiaen ◽  
Annemie Forier ◽  
Steven Vanderschueren ◽  
Caroline Theunissen ◽  
Jochen Nijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

Trichinellosis is a rare parasitic zoonosis caused by Trichinella following ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella larvae. In the past five years, there has been a sharp decrease in human trichinellosis incidence rates in the European Union due to better practices in rearing domestic animals and control measures in slaughterhouses. In November 2014, a large outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Belgium, related to the consumption of imported wild boar meat. After a swift local public health response, 16 cases were identified and diagnosed with trichinellosis. Of the 16 cases, six were female. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology or the presence of larvae in the patients’ muscle biopsies by histology and/or PCR. The ensuing investigation traced the wild boar meat back to Spain. Several batches of imported wild boar meat were recalled but tested negative. The public health investigation allowed us to identify clustered undiagnosed cases. Early warning alerts and a coordinated response remain indispensable at a European level.

scholarly journals The Chilling Effect: Investor-State Dispute Settlement, Graphic Health Warnings, the Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Philip Morris

Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) poses significant challenges in respect of tobacco control, public health, human rights, and sustainable development. Two landmark ISDS rulings provide procedural and substantive guidance on the interaction between ISDS and tobacco control. The ISDS action by Philip Morris against Uruguay in respect to graphic health warnings raised important procedural and substantive issues. The ISDS matter between Philip Morris and Australia over the plain packaging of tobacco products highlighted matters in respect of abuse of process. In the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), there was a special exclusion for tobacco control measures in respect of ISDS. There was also a larger discussion about the role of general public health exceptions. In the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), there was a debate about the application of ISDS to intellectual property rights. In the European Union, there has been discussion of the creation of an international investment court. In the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), there has even been calls to abolish ISDS clauses altogether from both Republicans and Democrats. This article concludes there is a need to protect tobacco control measures implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2003 from further investor and trade challenges.

scholarly journals Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: assessment by national experts from 38 countries, May 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Albiger ◽  
Corinna Glasner ◽  
Marc J. Struelens ◽  
Hajo Grundmann ◽  
Dominique L. Monnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Feedback Questionnaire ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
And Control

In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched the ‘European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE)’ project to gain insights into the occurrence and epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), to increase the awareness of the spread of CPE, and to build and enhance the laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance of CPE in Europe. Data collected through a post-EuSCAPE feedback questionnaire in May 2015 documented improvement compared with 2013 in capacity and ability to detect CPE and identify the different carbapenemases genes in the 38 participating countries, thus contributing to their awareness of and knowledge about the spread of CPE. Over the last two years, the epidemiological situation of CPE worsened, in particular with the rapid spread of carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)- and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In 2015, 13/38 countries reported inter-regional spread of or an endemic situation for CPE, compared with 6/38 in 2013. Only three countries replied that they had not identified one single case of CPE. The ongoing spread of CPE represents an increasing threat to patient safety in European hospitals, and a majority of countries reacted by establishing national CPE surveillances systems and issuing guidance on control measures for health professionals. However, 14 countries still lacked specific national guidelines for prevention and control of CPE in mid-2015.

scholarly journals Using different physical activity measurements in eight European countries. Results of the European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) time series survey

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rütten ◽  
H Ziemainz ◽  
F Schena ◽  
T Stahl ◽  
M Stiggelbout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Series ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short Version ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Activity Measurements

AbstractObjectives:The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project compared several physical activity (PA) measures (including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) in a time series survey in eight countries of the European Union. The present paper describes first results provided by the different instruments regarding PA participation, frequency and duration, both at the European and national levels. The purpose of the present study is to explore and compare the specific quality and usefulness of different indicators rather than to provide valid and reliable prevalence data. Thus, the main focus is on discussion of the methodological implications of the results presented.Methods:A time series survey based on computer-aided telephone interviewing (CATI) was carried out in eight European countries over a six-month period. The study provided for about 100 realised interviews per month in each country (i.e. ~600 per country). Descriptive statistical analysis was used to: (1) report IPAQ results on vigorous, moderate and light PA and sitting, as well as on the overall measure of calories expenditure (MET min−1), in the different countries; (2) compare these results with national PA indicators tested in EUPASS; and (3) compare IPAQ results with other European studies.Results:First, the scores for the different PA categories as well as for the overall measure of calories expenditure provided by the IPAQ appeared rather high compared with previous studies and public health recommendations. Second, the different PA measurements used in EUPASS provided completely different results. For example, national indicators used in Germany and The Netherlands to date neither corresponded in absolute values (e.g. means of PA or sitting) nor correlated with the IPAQ in any significant way. Third, comparing EU countries, the ranking for vigorous, moderate and light activities by use of the IPAQ differed from that of other European studies. For example, in the present analysis, German respondents generally showed higher scores for PA than the Finns and the Dutch, while, in contrast, findings from other studies ranked Finland before The Netherlands and Germany.Conclusions:The present analysis highlights some methodological implications of the IPAQ instrument. Among other things, differences in overall scores for PA as well as in the ranking of nations between the present results using IPAQ and other measures and studies may partly be due to the concepts of PA behind the measurements. Further analysis should investigate if the range of PA-related categories provided by the IPAQ is fully appropriate to measure all relevant daily activities; it may also consider the public health implications of mixing up different contexts of PA (e.g. work, leisure-time, transportation) in the IPAQ short version.

scholarly journals New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase around the world: An eReview using Google Maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Berrazeg ◽  
S M Diene ◽  
L Medjahed ◽  
P Parola ◽  
M Drissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Pubmed Database

Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant bacteria, in particular those producing New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), are a major global health problem. To inform the scientific and medical community in real time about worldwide dissemination of isolates of NDM-1-producing bacteria, we used the PubMed database to review all available publications from the first description in 2009 up to 31 December 2012, and created a regularly updated worldwide dissemination map using a web-based mapping application. We retrieved 33 reviews, and 136 case reports describing 950 isolates of NDM-1-producing bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n= 359) and Escherichia coli (n=268) were the most commonly reported bacteria producing NDM-1 enzyme. Several case reports of infections due to imported NDM-1 producing bacteria have been reported in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Italy, and Oman. In most cases (132/153, 86.3%), patients had connections with the Indian subcontinent or Balkan countries. Those infected were originally from these areas, had either spent time and/or been hospitalised there, or were potentially linked to other patients who had been hospitalised in these regions. By using Google Maps, we were able to trace spread of NDM-1-producing bacteria. We strongly encourage epidemiologists to use these types of interactive tools for surveillance purposes and use the information to prevent the spread and outbreaks of such bacteria.

scholarly journals Canine helminthiases and associated risk factors in Kigali city, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Public Health Risk

Abstract Background Despite that canine helminthiases pose a public health risk to humans and livestock, the prevalence of canine helminthiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine helminthiases and to identify the risk factors of such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from clinically healthy dogs and eggs worms were identified using McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine helminthiases were analysed by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiases in dogs was 39.8%. The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp (32.3%, n = 93). About 41.9% (n = 31) of dogs suffering from ancylostomosis and/or toxocarosis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥ 550). Approximately 97.3% (n = 37) of dogs infected with helminths had mono-infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age and location were significantly associated with the prevalence of canine helminthiases. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dogs suffering from helminthiases was more than 61% lower in dogs dewormed once to twice a year compared to those who were never dewormed. The AOR was more than 42% lower for restricted dogs compared to non-restricted ones. Conclusions All the identified helminths are zoonotic and they pose a public health risk to humans. There is urgent need of awareness among dog owners on the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic helminthiases to other animals and humans as well as effective control measures.

scholarly journals Combining genomic and epidemiological data to compare the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Petrone ◽  
Jessica E. Rothman ◽  
Mallery I. Breban ◽  
Isabel M. Ott ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Variant

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have shaped the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health discourse around effective control measures. Evaluating the public health threat posed by a new variant is essential for appropriately adapting response efforts when community transmission is detected. However, this assessment requires that a true comparison can be made between the new variant and its predecessors because factors other than the virus genotype may influence spread and transmission. In this study, we develop a framework that integrates genomic surveillance data to estimate the relative effective reproduction number (Rt) of co-circulating lineages. We use Connecticut, a state in the northeastern United States in which the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.526 co-circulated in early 2021, as a case study for implementing this framework. We find that the Rt of B.1.1.7 was 6-10% larger than that of B.1.526 in Connecticut in the midst of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign. To assess the generalizability of this framework, we apply it to genomic surveillance data from New York City and observe the same trend. Finally, we use discrete phylogeography to demonstrate that while both variants were introduced into Connecticut at comparable frequencies, clades that resulted from introductions of B.1.1.7 were larger than those resulting from B.1.526 introductions. Our framework, which uses open-source methods requiring minimal computational resources, may be used to monitor near real-time variant dynamics in a myriad of settings.

Methods Of Reducing The Bacterial Contamination Of Poultry Carcasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
O. Kasyanenko ◽  
V. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

The article presents the data of the analysis of the control strategy of food zoonoses (Campylobacter, E.coli O157, Enterobacteriacae, Listeria, Salmonella, Enterococcus) on the basis of chemical and physical decontamination methods at the stage of poultry processing in the conditions of slaughter enterprises of the EU. The factors of transmission of pathogens that determine the risks of contamination of poultry carcasses during the technological processes of transportation and slaughter of poultry, nutrition, cooling and heat treatment of carcasses are analyzed. It also analyzes scientific developments to reduce the risk to human health, depending on measures to reduce microbiological contamination by pathogens of broiler meat zoonoses. The article presents data on the effective strategy poultry food control zoonoses in the European Union based on the methods of reducing microbial contamination of poultry carcasses during processing. We conducted information by analyzing statistics and materials and reports published in national and international journals, study and systematization of scientific literature, the official reports of the International Program of WHO for the control and supervision of zoonoses in Europe, ESFA (European Agency for Safety food), the Center for disease control in the USA, documents regulating controls zoonosis poultry in the European Union. Continuous monitoring of food zoonoses pathogens of poultry is effective. Collecting information on the use of antimicrobials in zoonoses control programs in poultry is important. The data on the effective control bacterial pathogens at transportation poultry and during the slaughter process are: exposure without food, sanitary treatment of cages,  identification the party with an high level of microbiological contamination, fixing the cloaca and prevent faecal contamination of carcasses, plan of slaughter at the slaughterhouse (defining positive poultry). We have also analyzed the effective control measures of the bacterial contamination of poultry carcasses in terms of companies engaged in the slaughter and processing of poultry.

Public health approach to detection of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli: summary of two outbreaks and laboratory procedures

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. SCHAFFZIN ◽  
F. CORONADO ◽  
N. B. DUMAS ◽  
T. P. ROOT ◽  
T. A. HALSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Outbreak Investigations

SUMMARYRoutine laboratory testing may not detect non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) reliably. Active clinical, epidemiological, environmental health, and laboratory collaboration probably influence successful detection and study of non-O157 STEC infection. We summarized two outbreak investigations in which such coordinated efforts identified non-O157 STEC disease and led to effective control measures. Outbreak 1 involved illness associated with consuming unpasteurized apple cider from a local orchard. Public health personnel were notified by a local hospital; stool specimens from ill persons contained O111 STEC. Outbreak 2 involved bloody diarrhoea at a correctional facility. Public health personnel were notified by the facility infection control officer; O45 STEC was the implicated agent. These reports highlight the ability of non-O157 STEC to cause outbreaks and demonstrate that a coordinated effort by clinicians, infection-control practitioners, clinical diagnostic laboratorians, and public health personnel can lead to effective identification, investigation, and prevention of non-O157 STEC disease.

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