scholarly journals ENHANCE THE QUALITATIVE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BOVINE MILK BY USING (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doaa A. Qasim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Bovine milk is one of the richest nutrients that contain minerals and vitamins that enhance immunity, especially in children, but because many children do not want to drink the raw milk, therefore this study aimed to enhance the sensory characteristics of raw milk by using hibiscus plant extract, which is characterized by red color and distinctive flavor as well as studying the effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, by using three concentrations of the aqueous extract (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), where the statistical results showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the concentrations in color, texture and general acceptance, and the best results appeared when using a concentration of 1.0%, while the results showed an insignificant difference in flavor values with different concentrations of the extract added to milk, Because the hibiscus plant, it is considered an acidic plant, which affected the degree of acceptance of the product. As for the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms, the results showed that the growth of microorganisms was inhibited after keeping in refrigeration for 24 hours, where the growth of the total number of bacteria was inhibited to (6 × 10-7), while we note a decrease in colon bacteria to (2 ×10-6) either Fecal coliform bacteria, the result showed a decrease in numbers to (2×10-4), then was noticed a slight decrease in numbers continuously after incubation for 7 days in the refrigerator, where the results showed a decrease in the total number of bacteria (1×10-7) and coliform bacteria (1×10-6) while for fecal coliform was (1×10-4).

scholarly journals Effect of processing of bovine milk on gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal pressure in sensitive individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Nuora ◽  
Tuomo Tupasela ◽  
Johanna Jokioja ◽  
Raija Tahvonen ◽  
Heikki Kallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measuring Probe ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractOver the last years, the consumption of unpasteurised milk has increased in popularity in the Western countries, despite the known risks associated with food-borne pathogens. Some people appear to experience milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms even when tested negative for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. In such cases, processing of milk, most often homogenisation or heat treatment, has been suggested to be involved in the induction of the gastrointestinal symptoms. Commercial milk is generally homogenised for the purpose of physical stability. Homogenisation reduces the size of fat droplets. Breaking of the fat globules creates new interface, which is covered with denaturated proteins. Further denaturation level of the proteins depends on the severity of the heat treatment. In this study entity, the effect of processing of bovine milk on the gastrointestinal symptoms in self-reported milk sensitive individuals was tested in two separate double blind crossover trials. Tested milks included raw milk (unprocessed), pasteurized milk, pasteurized and homogenized milk, and UHT treated and homogenized milk thus including milks at both end of commercially approved liquid milks in Finland. All milks came from the same herd of cows, which nulled the effect of genetic background and feeding of the cows. Ingestible pH-, pressure and temperature measuring probe was used to investigate gastrointestinal pressure. Self-reported diaries were used to measure perceived gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally inflammation markers were studied from the plasma. In the first trial no significant difference was found in the amount of gastrointestinal symptoms or in the intestinal pressure after the consumption of native and processed milk. However, the obtained results on pressure in the large intestine (P = 0.068) as well as reported symptoms (P = 0.103) suggested that further studies in this area were needed. However, in the second trial where pasteurised, pasteurised and homogenised, and UHT -treated and homogenized milks were compared, the amount, severity or duration of the reported symptoms did not differ. This study demonstrates that the ingestible pressure-, pH and temperature measuring probe provided a novel possibility to study intestinal pressure in nutrition trials. The results of the present studies do not support the hypothesis that cows’ milk processing would induce gastrointestinal symptoms in milk sensitive but lactose tolerant subjects.

scholarly journals The examination of presumed Escherichia coli count of raw milk samples on several milk production farms

2006 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
András Szabó ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Péter Keresztúri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Large Farms

For dairy farms, it is of great importance to insure the appropriate hygienic status of milk and to examine it regularly. Escherichia coli, belonging to the coliform bacteria type of, is a good indicator of contamination, and therefore suitable for characterising the hygienic condition of milk production.The aim of our research was to examine the connection between the Escherichi coli count in bulk tank milk and housing and milking technologies of different-sizes farms. We examined the relation using various statistical methods.Analysing the connection between the E. coli count and the farm size we found no significant difference between the farms. On the basis of the mean values of the E. coli count, we can say that the hygienic conditions are appropriate for mid-sized farms, and tolerable for large farms. We found differences in the hygienic status among the small farms. Half of the eight small farms, had no adequate hygiene. The results of the analysis of the quality categories show that the probability of inadequate quality milk was the largest on small farms (37.5%).Comparing the various housing and milking methods with each other, there were numerical differences in the E. coli count, but these differences were not significant. We got higher E. coli count values on those farms using tied stall barn and bucket milking installation. The reason for this could be that in cases of farms using bucket milking installation, it is harder to meet the requirements.After forming groups by farm size, housing and milking methods, we found that the E. coli counts are adequate on mid-size farms using various housing and milking methods; and tolerable on those large farms using loose housing stable and a milking parlour. At the same time, we found inadequate E. coli counts on the smaller farms using tied stall barns and bucket milking installation.The results show that if there is suitable attention, independent of farm size, housing and milking procedure, it is possible to produce milk with low E. coli counts, and to insure appropriate hygienic conditions.Further detailed examinations are needed to decide which factors of housing and milking technologies influence the E. coli count of bulk tank milk.

scholarly journals In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Esther Etengeneng Agbor ◽  
Inocent Gouado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.

Recommended Modification of Dilution Procedure Used for Bacteriological Examination of Shellfish

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
David W Cook ◽  
Gerard S Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
American Public Health Association ◽  
Bacteriological Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The dilution procedure recommended by the American Public Health Association for use in bacteriological analysis of shellfish samples may cause an underestimation of the number of bacteria in shellfish. Modifications of that procedure to include preparation of the first dilution of the shellfish homogenate on a weight rather than a volume basis, and the inoculation of 1 g portions of the shellfish from a dilution of the homogenate, have been shown to significantly increase the recovery of fecal coliform bacteria from oyster samples. It is recommended that these modifications be adopted by the American Public Health Association.

scholarly journals Comparative study of some indicator bacteria in cows and buffaloes raw milk in Al-Diwaniyah Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. H. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out in AL-Diwaniyah city and it's different districts whichincludes (city center, Afak district and their regions, AL-hamza district and their regions, ALShamiadistrict and their regions and AL-Daghara regions and its villages) during a periodNovember 2010 to July 2010. A total of samples used in this study were 120 raw milksamples collected includes 60 samples for each species for (cows and buffaloes) for twodifferent season of the year (Winter and Summer), first start from (beginning November 2009 toend of the January 2010) ,and the second start from (beginning May to July 2010) The resultsof this study revealed the rising the averages of microbes contaminated raw milk samples ineach species of animals included in this study,where raw milk samples for cows recorded210 4.2х CFU/ml , buffaloes 214 12х CFU/ml,The highest averages of total Coliform bacterialcount were found in raw milk samples of cows 214 4.3х CFU/ml and less averages in rawsamples of buffaloes 214 6.1х CFU/ml . While averages of Staphylococcus aureas were highin raw milk samples of buffaloes 0.49 х216CFU/ml and less in raw milk samples of cows0. 214 61х CFU/ ml.While the averages of Streptococcus spp. were 0.37х 216CFU/ml, 0.38 21х6 CFU/ml, for cows and buffaloes respectively. Seasons of the year had an effect on average oftotal bacterial count studied for each sample of raw milk for all species of animals includedin this study.Where shown rising averages of microbes numbers during the summer period(May, Jun, and July), while there are decreasing in an average of microbes during the winter period(November, December, and January).Summer season recorded significant difference ascompared with winter season but averages of total coliform bacteria had no significantdifference between the two seasons.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritive and Preservative Impact of Enriching Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx) Drink with Moringa Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Stella Oyom Bassey ◽  
Essien David-Oku ◽  
Mary Ehumile
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

This study was aimed to determine the nutritive and preservative potential of enriching Zobo drink with Moringa leaf extract. Hot water extraction of Zobo drink produced with ginger and garlic gloves was separated into four different samples M0, M10, M20 and M30. To samples M10, M20 and M30 40 g, 80 g and 120 g of Moringa leaf powder respectively, were added. Samples analyzed in triplicate for their sensory characteristics, vitamins, minerals and microbial content. Sensory evaluation showed no significant difference in flavour, colour, tartness and sweetness amongst the samples. Overall acceptability was significantly (p<0.05) higher in sample M30 (6.90±2.36) probably due to high levels of tartness. Vitamin C was significantly (p<0.05) higher in sample M30 (4.50±0.10), compared to M0 (4.00 ±0.01), M10 (4.00 ±0.02) and M20 (4.20 ±0.01) samples. Vitamin A content (mg/100 mL) of M30 (0.13±0.300) was also significantly (p<0.05) higher than values obtained for M0 (0.1 0 ±0.20), M10 (0.12 ±0.30) and M20 (0.12 ±0.10) samples. pH differed significantly (p<0.05) amongst the different samples, i.e. M0 (2.70 ±0.00), M10 (2.80±0.00), M20 (3.00±0.00) and M30 (3.20±0.00). Microbial load result revealed the presence of coliform, total viable count, total aerobic, Salmonella typhi, Aspagillus niger and Strep. Spp. which was absent in sample M0 but were present in significantly (p<0.05) higher levels in sample M30 (867.00±0.20, 982.00±0.10, 982.00±0.10, 28.00±0.10, 7.00±0.10 and 93.00±0.10 respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of iron (1.30 ±0.12 mg/100 mL) in M30 compared with M10 (0.34±0.02), M20 (0.83±0.02) and M30 (1.30 ±0.12) and magnesium was highest in M20 (0.05 ±0.03 mg/100 mL) compared with M0 (0.00 ±0.00), M10 (0.00±0.00) and M30 (0.02±0.31) samples, In conclusion, this study has revealed that Moringa improve the nutritive and overall sensory characteristics of Zobo drink but result in a limited shelf life.

scholarly journals The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
MEISA MARSALINA ◽  
SAMIGUN SAMIGUN ◽  
ENDANG SRI HARDJANTI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

Marsalina M, Samigun, Hardjanti ES. 2011. The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. Biofarmasi 9: 43-49. This study aimed to investigate the influence of aqueous extract of roselle calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. This experimental research was arranged as a pre and post-test controlled group design. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, with 3 months of age and 250 g in average weight, were used as an animal model. Those rats were grouped equally into five groups, i.e. negative control (aquadest), positive control (0.26 mg lovastatin/200 g body weight of rats/2 mL), the first dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (65 mg/200 g/2 mL), the second dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (130 mg/200 g/2 mL), and the third dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (195 mg/200 g/2 mL). The measurement of rat blood cholesterol level was conducted before and after treatment, while the rat body weight was measured once a week. The result of this study was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA statistical test. The one-way ANOVA statistical test showed no significant difference on reducing blood cholesterol level with p=0.327 (p>0.05) and body weight in rat with p=0.154, p=0.214, and p=0.938 (p>0.05). This study concluded that the aqueous extract of roselle calyx has no influence on lowering blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats.

Keeping Quality and Flavor, and Microorganisms, Proteases and Lipases in Raw Cow and Goat Milk at Collection and After Storage

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESTER HANKIN ◽  
DONALD SHIELDS
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Keeping Quality

Raw cow and goat milks for retail sale in Connecticut were examined at collection and after storage at 4.4 and 7.2°C for 7 d for keeping quality, flavor, microorganisms, protein degradation on storage, and protease and lipase activity. Some milks were bottled at the farm, others were placed in containers supplied by the customer. Goat milk retained a satisfactory flavor significantly longer than cow milk. There was no correlation of keeping quality with any microbial count made at collection except for number of coliform bacteria. Significant differences were found in enzyme activity and protein degradation between cow and goat milk. No significant difference was found between milk bottled at the farm and that collected in sterile containers. Over 82% of raw milk samples met the 30,000 per ml state standard for total aerobic count (SPC) and 72% met the coliform standard of 50 per ml.

scholarly journals In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Esther Etengeneng Agbor ◽  
Inocent Gouado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Fethiye Bölgesinde Açıkta Satılan Tüketime Hazır Bazı Gıdalarda Koliform Bakteri Sayısının Belirlenmesi

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2552-2559
Author(s):  
Mehtap Çiftçi ◽  
Nilgün Öncül
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Since coliform bacteria are common both in the intestine and in nature (soil, plant, etc.), they are considered as a sanitation indicator in the food industry. It is known that the majority of bacteria defined as fecal coliform in the coliform group are Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria in any sample is an indication that the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during production, storage, and sale. That means the sample is directly or indirectly contaminated with faeces, and/or other intestinal pathogens may also exist. In this study, raw milk, freshly squeezed fruit juices, unpackaged ice cream, shaved ice, and ice-cold samples were purchased from the famous touristic destination Fethiye and analyzed for coliform bacteria. For this purpose, the samples were purchased from local marketplaces, buffets, cafes, patisseries, restaurants, and roadsides at Fethiye. In total 60 samples were analyzed using Violet Red Bile (VRB) Agar. The results of coliform bacteria ranged

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