scholarly journals Effect of processing of bovine milk on gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal pressure in sensitive individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Nuora ◽  
Tuomo Tupasela ◽  
Johanna Jokioja ◽  
Raija Tahvonen ◽  
Heikki Kallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measuring Probe ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractOver the last years, the consumption of unpasteurised milk has increased in popularity in the Western countries, despite the known risks associated with food-borne pathogens. Some people appear to experience milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms even when tested negative for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. In such cases, processing of milk, most often homogenisation or heat treatment, has been suggested to be involved in the induction of the gastrointestinal symptoms. Commercial milk is generally homogenised for the purpose of physical stability. Homogenisation reduces the size of fat droplets. Breaking of the fat globules creates new interface, which is covered with denaturated proteins. Further denaturation level of the proteins depends on the severity of the heat treatment. In this study entity, the effect of processing of bovine milk on the gastrointestinal symptoms in self-reported milk sensitive individuals was tested in two separate double blind crossover trials. Tested milks included raw milk (unprocessed), pasteurized milk, pasteurized and homogenized milk, and UHT treated and homogenized milk thus including milks at both end of commercially approved liquid milks in Finland. All milks came from the same herd of cows, which nulled the effect of genetic background and feeding of the cows. Ingestible pH-, pressure and temperature measuring probe was used to investigate gastrointestinal pressure. Self-reported diaries were used to measure perceived gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally inflammation markers were studied from the plasma. In the first trial no significant difference was found in the amount of gastrointestinal symptoms or in the intestinal pressure after the consumption of native and processed milk. However, the obtained results on pressure in the large intestine (P = 0.068) as well as reported symptoms (P = 0.103) suggested that further studies in this area were needed. However, in the second trial where pasteurised, pasteurised and homogenised, and UHT -treated and homogenized milks were compared, the amount, severity or duration of the reported symptoms did not differ. This study demonstrates that the ingestible pressure-, pH and temperature measuring probe provided a novel possibility to study intestinal pressure in nutrition trials. The results of the present studies do not support the hypothesis that cows’ milk processing would induce gastrointestinal symptoms in milk sensitive but lactose tolerant subjects.

Sucralfate in the Prevention of Treatment-Induced Diarrhea in Patients Receiving Pelvic Radiation Therapy: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Martenson ◽  
John W. Bollinger ◽  
Jeff A. Sloan ◽  
Paul J. Novotny ◽  
Rodolfo E. Urias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
North Central ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

PURPOSE: Randomized studies have suggested that sucralfate is effective in mitigating diarrhea during pelvic radiation therapy (RT). This North Central Cancer Treatment Group study was undertaken to confirm the antidiarrheal effect of sucralfate. Several other measures of bowel function were also assessed.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients receiving pelvic RT to a minimum of 45 Gy at 1.7 to 2.1 Gy/d were eligible for the study. Patients were assigned randomly, in double-blind fashion, to receive sucralfate (1.5 g orally every 6 hours) or an identical looking placebo during pelvic RT.RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three patients were randomly assigned and found assessable. Overall, there was no significant difference in patient characteristics between those receiving sucralfate and those receiving placebo. Moderate or worse diarrhea was observed in 53% of patients receiving sucralfate versus 41% of those receiving placebo. Compared with patients receiving placebo, more sucralfate-treated patients reported fecal incontinence (16% v 34%, respectively; P = .04) and need for protective clothing (8% v 23%, respectively; P = .04). The incidence and severity of nausea were worse among those taking sucralfate (P = .03). Analysis of patient-reported symptoms 10 to 12 months after RT showed a nonsignificant trend toward more problems in patients taking sucralfate than in those taking placebo (average, 2.3 v 1.9 problems, respectively; P = .34).CONCLUSION: Sucralfate did not decrease pelvic RT-related bowel toxicity by any of the end points measured and seems to have aggravated some gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals ENHANCE THE QUALITATIVE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BOVINE MILK BY USING (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doaa A. Qasim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Bovine milk is one of the richest nutrients that contain minerals and vitamins that enhance immunity, especially in children, but because many children do not want to drink the raw milk, therefore this study aimed to enhance the sensory characteristics of raw milk by using hibiscus plant extract, which is characterized by red color and distinctive flavor as well as studying the effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, by using three concentrations of the aqueous extract (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), where the statistical results showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the concentrations in color, texture and general acceptance, and the best results appeared when using a concentration of 1.0%, while the results showed an insignificant difference in flavor values with different concentrations of the extract added to milk, Because the hibiscus plant, it is considered an acidic plant, which affected the degree of acceptance of the product. As for the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms, the results showed that the growth of microorganisms was inhibited after keeping in refrigeration for 24 hours, where the growth of the total number of bacteria was inhibited to (6 × 10-7), while we note a decrease in colon bacteria to (2 ×10-6) either Fecal coliform bacteria, the result showed a decrease in numbers to (2×10-4), then was noticed a slight decrease in numbers continuously after incubation for 7 days in the refrigerator, where the results showed a decrease in the total number of bacteria (1×10-7) and coliform bacteria (1×10-6) while for fecal coliform was (1×10-4).

scholarly journals Is It Useful To Treat Blastocystis sp.? A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Cobuccio ◽  
Marie Laurent ◽  
Celine Gardiol ◽  
Rahel Wampfler ◽  
Sven Poppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BackgroundBlastocystis sp. is a protist with a worldwide distribution and able to colonise the gut of humans and of a great variety of animals. It is unclear whether it is just a commensal of a healthy gut microbiota or an infectious parasite that needs to be eradicated. Currently no treatment has proven its usefulness for patients complaining of gastro-intestinal symptoms and found to have Blastocystis sp.The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of metronidazole in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms harbouring only Blastocystis sp. In addition, we explored whether Blastocystis subtype or concomitant parasitic infection detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may influence treatment outcome.MethodsAdults with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms (> 14 days) visiting a primary care physician and in whom stool microscopy revealed only Blastocystis sp. were included. Eligible patients were randomised to receive ten days of metronidazole or placebo, followed by a crossover if still symptomatic. Stool samples were tested for 11 other protozoa with an in-house PCR and Blastocystis subtypes were determined by PCR and sequencing.ResultsWe screened 474 outpatients for inclusion; 50 met the eligibility criteria. In the metronidazole group, 48% (12/25) reported an improvement of symptoms compared to 44% (11/25) in the placebo group (p = 0.78). After the crossover, again no differences in improvement of symptoms were seen between groups (placebo: 53% (8/15); metronidazole: 50% (8/16)). The in-house PCR was positive for other protozoa in 25% (10/40) of the patients. The protozoa identified were Dientamoeba fragilis (5), Entamoeba dispar (3) and Cyclospora cayetanensis (2). The most frequent Blastocystis subtypes were ST4 (11/36) and ST2 (10/36). Stratified analysis according to subtype or the presence of other protozoa showed no significant difference in treatment outcome with metronidazole or placebo.Conclusion Among patients infected with Blastocystis sp., metronidazole did not improve gastrointestinal symptoms, irrespective of subtype or microscopically undetected coinfection with other protozoa.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NTC01521403, 06-Nov-2012.

scholarly journals Effect of milk fat-based infant formulae on stool fatty acid soaps and calcium excretion in healthy term infants: two double-blind randomised cross-over trials

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Manios ◽  
Eva Karaglani ◽  
Inge Thijs-Verhoeven ◽  
Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽  
Anastasia Papazoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Palmitic acid (PA) is predominantly esterified at the SN-2 position of triacylglycerols in human milk. PA at the SN-2 position is more efficiently absorbed and results in reduced formation of PA soaps, as well as reduced fatty acid (FA) and calcium malabsorption. Bovine milk fat (MF), a natural source of SN-2-palmitate, was used in the fat blend of infant formulae (IF) in the current study to investigate its effect on stool fatty acid soaps, calcium excretion and stool characteristics. Methods Two double-blind, randomised cross-over trials (CS1, CS2) were conducted in parallel with healthy term, formula-fed infants aged 9–14 weeks. After a two-week run-in period, infants in CS1 (n = 17) were randomly allocated to receive either a 50% MF-based formula (50MF) or a 100% vegetable fat (VF) formula; in CS2 (n = 18), infants received either a 20% MF-based formula (20MF) or the VF formula, in a 2 × 2-week cross-over design. At the end of each two-week intervention period, stool samples were collected for FA, FA soaps and calcium excretion analysis and stool consistency was assessed according to the Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS). Results MF-based groups showed no significant difference in PA in stools compared to VF group, although reduced stool PA soaps (CS1: 111.28 ± 18.33 vs. 220.25 ± 29.35 mg/g dry weight, p < 0.0001; CS2: 216.24 ± 25.16 vs. 233.94 ± 35.12 mg/g dry weight, p = 0.0023), total FA soaps and calcium excretion (CS1: 46.40 ± 5.27 vs. 49.88 ± 4.77 mg/g dry weight, p = 0.0041; CS2: 46.20 ± 4.26 vs. 50.47 ± 6.71 mg/g dry weight, p = 0.0067) were observed. Furthermore, the 50MF group showed a favourable lower mean stool consistency score compared to the VF group (1.64 ± 0.49 vs. 2.03 ± 0.19, p = 0.0008). Conclusions While the use of bovine MF in IF did not affect PA concentrations in stool, lower excretion of palmitate soaps, total FA soaps and calcium was seen in healthy term infants. 50MF formula also showed improved stool consistency. The use of MF in IF could be an interesting approach to improve gut comfort and stool characteristics in infants, warranting further research. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Registry Identifier: NTR6702. Date registered: December 01, 2017.

scholarly journals Starter formula enriched in prebiotics and probiotics ensures normal growth of infants and promotes gut health: a randomized clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Radke ◽  
Jean-Charles Picaud ◽  
Andrea Loui ◽  
Gilles Cambonie ◽  
Dirk Faas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Prebiotics and probiotics exert beneficial effects by modulating gut microbiota and immune system. This study evaluates efficacy and safety of an infant formula containing bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis (B. lactis) (CNCM I-3446) on incidence of diarrhea and febrile infections during the first year of life (primary outcome). Methods: Full-term infants receiving Test or Control (without bovine milk-derived oligosaccharide and B. lactis) formulae were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial with a reference breastfeeding group. . Results: 413 infants were assigned between Test (n = 206) and Control (n = 207) formula. There was no significant difference for diarrhea and febrile infections incidence between groups at 6 (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.56 (0.26–1.15), P = 0.096) and 12 mo (odds ratio = 0.66 (0.38–1.14), P = 0.119). Test formula was well tolerated, anthropometrics parameters were not significantly different between groups and aligned with WHO growth standards up to 12 mo. Data from test group showed that gut microbiota pattern, fecal IgA and stool pH were brought to be closer to those of breastfed infants. Conclusion: An infant formula enriched with bovine milk-derived oligosaccharide and B. lactis supports normal infant growth, is well tolerated and improves intestinal health markers. No differences in diarrhea and febrile infection incidence were found in the population studied.

Efficacy of Aloe vera/ Plantago Major Gel in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Najafian ◽  
Zahra M. Khorasani ◽  
Mona N. Najafi ◽  
Shokouh S. Hamedi ◽  
Marjan Mahjour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common complications of diabetic patients. Mostly, non-healing DFU leads to infection, gangrene, amputation and even death. High costs and poor healing of the wounds need a new treatment such as alternative medicine. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera/ Plantago major gel (Plantavera gel) in healing of DFUMethods:Forty patients with DFU enrolled in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The patients who were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n = 20), received topical Plantavera gel in addition to the routine cares, whereas the patients in the control group (n = 20), received topical Placebo gel in addition to the routine cares. Intervention was done twice a day for 4 weeks in the both groups. Photography and an evaluation of DFU healing were conducted by a checklist and then were scored at baseline and at the end of each week. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software.Results:At the end of the study, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of total ulcer score (P<0.001) and Plantavera gel significantly reduced the ulcer surface comparing with the control group (P=0.039). However, there was not a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.263) in terms of the ulcer depth. During this study, no side effect was observed for Plantavera gel in the intervention group.Conclusion:Topical Plantavera gel seems to be an effective, cheap and safe treatment. Of course, further studies are required to confirm the properties of the wound healing of this gel.

scholarly journals Effect of the Natural Sweetener Xylitol on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Humans: A Pilot Dose-Ranging Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach ◽  
Jürgen Drewe ◽  
Wout Verbeure ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Dose Dependent

Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

Safety evaluation of an antimalarial herbal product from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01) in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Arijanto Jonosewojo ◽  
Hilkatul Ilmi ◽  
Lidya Tumewu ◽  
Ario Imandiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Random Blood Glucose ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Andrographis paniculata tablets (AS201-01) have previously been shown to have potent bioactivity as an antimalarial and to produce no unwanted side effects in animal models. Here, we present the phase 1 clinical trial conducted to evaluate the safety of AS201-01 tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blind controlled cross-over, a placebo-controlled design consisting of a 4-day treatment of AS201-01 tablets. A total of 30 healthy human volunteers (16 males and 14 females) were divided into two groups, and each group was given 4 tablets, twice daily for 4 days. Group 1 received AS201-01, while group 2 received placebo tablets. Volunteers were given a physical examination before the treatment. The effects of AS201-01 on random blood glucose, biochemical, and hematological as well as urine profiles were investigated. Results There were no changes in observed parameters as a result of AS201-01 being administered. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the test and control group regarding hematology profile, biochemical profile, and random blood glucose. Increased appetite and better sleep, which categorized as grade 1 adverse event was reported after treatment with AS201-01 tablet Conclusions The outcome supports our previous observation that the AS201-01 tablet, given twice a day for 4 days, is safe and nontoxic.

Coeliac disease presenting atypically: A much wider spectrum

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552199134
Author(s):  
Avinash Lomash ◽  
Abhinaya Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Meenakshi Bothra ◽  
Bhavna Dhingra ◽  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dermatitis Herpetiformis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Atypical coeliac disease in young children is frequently missed when it presents atypically as non-gastrointestinal presentations to different specialties. There was a greater delay (54 months) in establishing the diagnosis in those with atypical coeliac disease (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the mode of delivery or duration of breast feeding, but significant difference was observed between gestational age at birth (p < 0.001). Most cases showed stunted growth and underweight. Irritability, anaemia, rickets, dermatitis herpetiformis, alopecia and intussusception were other common predictors of atypical coeliac disease. Because of a myriad spectrum of non-gastrointestinal symptoms, at any age with diverse presentation, a high index of suspicion is therefore required.

Proteinase and phospholipase activities and development at different temperatures of yeasts isolated from bovine milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A Melville ◽  
Nilson R Benites ◽  
Monica Ruz-Peres ◽  
Eugenio Yokoya
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Means Of Transmission

The presence of yeasts in milk may cause physical and chemical changes limiting the durability and compromising the quality of the product. Moreover, milk and dairy products contaminated by yeasts may be a potential means of transmission of these microorganisms to man and animals causing several kinds of infections. This study aimed to determine whether different species of yeasts isolated from bovine raw milk had the ability to develop at 37°C and/or under refrigeration temperature. Proteinase and phospholipase activities resulting from these yeasts were also monitored at different temperatures. Five genera of yeasts (Aureobasidium sp., Candida spp., Geotrichum spp., Trichosporon spp. and Rhodotorula spp.) isolated from bovine raw milk samples were evaluated. All strains showed one or a combination of characteristics: growth at 37°C (99·09% of the strains), psychrotrophic behaviour (50·9%), proteinase production (16·81% of the strains at 37°C and 4·09% under refrigeration) and phospholipase production (36·36% of the isolates at 37°C and 10·9% under refrigeration), and all these factors may compromise the quality of the product. Proteinase production was similar for strains incubated at 37°C (16·81% of the isolates) and room temperature (17·27%) but there was less amount of phospholipase-producing strains at room temperature (15·45% of the isolates were positive) when compared with incubation at 37°C (36·36%). Enzymes production at 37°C by yeasts isolated from milk confirmed their pathogenic potential. The refrigeration temperature was found to be most efficient to inhibit enzymes production and consequently ensure better quality of milk. The viability of yeasts and the activity of their enzymes at different temperatures are worrying because this can compromise the quality of dairy products at all stages of production and/or storage, and represent a risk to the consumer.

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