scholarly journals Influence of agricultural technology elements on nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Irina Vladimirovna Engovatova ◽  
Elena Olegovna Shestakova ◽  
Irina Gennadievna Storchak ◽  
Fedor Vladimirovich Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties

The purpose of our research is to study the influence of the main elements of cultivation technology on the nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants of varieties selected by THE North Caucasus Federal RESEARCH center (Mikhailovsk, Stavropol territory), as well as to establish the possibility of assessing the nitrogen content based on remote sensing data. Methods. The field experiment was performed in accordance with the guidelines of B. A. Dospekhov. The nitrogen content was determined by the method of V. T. Kurkaev and co-authors. NDVI data was obtained using a Greenseeker hand-held scanner (Trimble). Found that the use of mineral fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation increases the relative content of nitrogen in plants at the end of generative period by 30.7-61.3% as at the predecessor pairs and 12-52,5 % for the predecessor winter wheat. The highest nitrogen content in plants was observed at the seeding rate of 4 million/ha (the excess compared to 5 and 6 million/ha is 4.3-19 %). The influence of seeding dates and norms on the relative nitrogen content is not always unambiguous and depends on the conditions of a particular year. Among the varieties, Anisimovka shows high nitrogen content. During the earing phase, there is a direct correlation between the NDVI of winter wheat crops and the relative nitrogen content in plants, the correlation coefficient on average over the years of the study is 0.72. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time for the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the features of nitrogen nutrition of plants of new varieties of winter wheat was analyzed, and a correlation was established between the nitrogen content in the earing phase and the NDVI index.

scholarly journals Influence of various elements of cultivation technology on the chlorophyll content in winter wheat plants and its yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Elena Shestakova ◽  
F EROShENKO ◽  
I. STORCHAK ◽  
Lusine Oganyan ◽  
I. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Green Pigments

Abstract. The chlorophyll content is the most important factor that determines the intensity of photosynthesis and the overall biological productivity of plants. Therefore, the search for mechanisms that allow you to manage the production process is an important task, the solution of which will allow you to improve the technological methods of growing crops to obtain high yields. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of various elements of cultivation technology on the chlorophyll content in plants and the yield of winter wheat. Methods. The objects of research were winter wheat crops of various varieties. The chlorophyll content was determined by the method of Ya. I. Milaeva and N. P. Primak. Crop accounting was performed using the combine method. Results. The relative chlorophyll content in winter wheat plants: lea predecessor on average 9,4 % higher than for cereals; the use of mineral fertilizers in a few increased this figure by 38,0 %, wheat ‒ 14,0 %; in the later sowing time the amount of green pigments in plants on average more than early and optimum of 10,5 and 4,0 %, respectively; in more thickened crops, the chlorophyll content in plants is lower than in sparse ones (by 13,0 %). The absolute chlorophyll content (g/m2) in winter wheat plants: in a few in an average of 45,0 % higher than for cereals; the use of mineral fertilizers in a few increased this figure at 73,4 %, for winter wheat ‒ 76,8 %; number of green pigments in plants at the optimum sowing time is on average higher than in the early (29,6 %) and late (15,2 %); at the optimal seeding rate accumulates more chlorophyll than the minimum (by 33,4 %) and the maximum (24,2 %). On average, for all cultivation technologies, the variety Stat' contains the largest amount of chlorophyll in plants, and Zustrich – the smallest. The yield of winter wheat for the lea precursor was 4,9 t/ha, for winter wheat – 3,3 t/ha. Use of mineral fertilizers on couple increased this indicator on average by 44,1 %, and on the cereal predecessor ‒ by 55,3 %. At the optimal time of sowing, the highest yield was formed, and on average it was 5,1 t/ha for varieties. seeding Rates did not have provable differences on the yield of winter wheat. The highest yield was obtained in the Rate variety on the predecessor of pairs on a fertilized background – 7,5 t/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of various precursors, the level of mineral nutrition, timing and seeding rates on the content of chlorophyll in plants and the yield of winter wheat crops of new varieties of selection of the North Caucasian FSAC were revealed. The correlation between the relative and absolute content of chlorophyll in winter wheat plants and its yield for these varieties in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol territory was determined.

scholarly journals About the role of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil treatment in the formation of corn hybrids productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Nurbiy Mamcirov ◽  
Arcen Mnatcakanyan
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The production of corn in the North Caucasus, and particularly in Adygea, has its own characteristics. While cultivating, it is necessary to improve individual elements of technology constantly, since they, together with technical means, determine production efficiency, seed productivity and quality of product [7]. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal methods of basic soil cultivation and doses of mineral fertilizers that give the maximum effect when growing corn selection hybrids of the FSBSI “National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko”. The novelty of the obtained results is that the responsiveness of new corn hybrids has been studied for the first time on merged leached black soils and the most optimal elements of their cultivation technology have been identified. The research methods correspond to the “Methodology of Experimental Business” by B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result, it was found that the types of tillage did not have a significant effect on the density of the topsoil and varied within 1.23–1.26 g/cm3. It was noted that the best conditions for the growth and development of plants are formed when fertilizers are applied at doses of N120P60K40 and N150P60K40. Plowing to a depth of 30–32 cm (option 3) and plowing to a depth of 26–28 cm with soil deepening (option 4) had approximately the same effect on the analyzed parameters of corn. The maximum leaf area in the range of 7028–7083 cm2 and the largest weight of one plant, 2.25–2.26 kg, was noted respectively in 3 and 4 options, which contributed to obtaining of the highest yield – 5.84 and 5.62 t/ha. The optimal parameters of the elements in the yield structure were noted in the variant with a dose of N120P60K40, where the grain yield of the hybrid ROSS 140 SV was 4.94 t/ha, Krasnodar 194 MV – 4.90 and ROSS 195 MV – 5.25 t/ha, which is on 67.2, 72.6 and 69.0 % higher than in the control. The use of fertilizers in a dose of N120P60K40 provides better economic efficiency, although the yield here is somewhat lower than on the N150P60K40 option. The most cost-effective was the variant with the dose of N120P60K40, and amounted: ROSS 140 SV – 168.6 %, Krasnodar 194 MV – 184.4 % and ROSS 195 MV – 185.4 %.

scholarly journals The most important selection criteria in winter wheat breeding for grain quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
◽  
N.I. Sokolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Sedimentation Value

The quality of wheat grain largely depends on the hereditary characteristics of the variety. In 2018-2020, in the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Center, studies were carried out to search for source material among the diversity of genotypes of common winter wheat at the early stages of the breeding process to select the most promising in the context of grain quality. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary medium-thick low-humus medium loamy chernozem. The climate of the zone is temperate continental. According to long-term data, the annual sum of effective temperatures is 3177.2 °C; average annual precipitation is 559.6 mm; Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) is 1.06. Before sowing, complex mineral fertilizers were applied at a dose of N40P60K40; in spring, ammonium nitrate – 26 kg of active ingredient per ha. Fifteen lines of common winter wheat selected according to a complex of breeding valuable signs (yield, resistance to diseases, frost and winter hardiness, drought resistance) served as a material for the studies. Lines were compared with the standard variety ‘Aivina’ according to the most important criteria: gluten mass fraction and quality, protein mass fraction and sedimentation value. Four wheat lines (21663, 20029, 21728, 21944) characterized by gluten of I and II group (gluten content from 23 % to 25.7 %) were identified. They exceeded the standard by 2.0–4.7% and corresponded to the 3 class of grain quality. In line 21944, minor variability of the protein amount (10 %) in the grain by year was noted; in the lines 21226, 21924 and 20029 ‒ average (14.2‒18.7 %); in the rest genotypes, including standard, it was significant (20.1‒34.3 %). On average, over the years of studying, six lines (21420, 21663, 21683, 21118, 21944, 21924) were classified as strong wheat (sedimentation value was in the range of 51‒62 ml). The flour strength of the ‘Aivina’ wheat grain had an average sedimentation value – 49 ml. Lines 21944 and 21924, which exceeded the standard, can be used as sources of high-quality grain when creating new varieties of common winter wheat for regions with a dry period of grain formation.

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

Selection of china plum varieties (Prunus salicina lindl.) for use in modern plantings of the northern caucasus foothill zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. E. Dedova
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the results of two years of research (2018-2019) of the most important phonological phases of seasonal growth and development, biometric parameters, productivity and economic efficiency of new varieties of Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) grown in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in the Krymsk district of Krasnodar territory on a plot of the Krymsk experimental breeding station – branch of VIR. As a result of research, the varieties Angeleno, Black Star, Byron Gold, Black Amber, Larry Ann and Sun Gold were recommended for cultivation using intensive technologies.

SPRING RAPE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR THE GREEN CONVEYOR CROP ROTATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-892
Author(s):  
Anna Shalygina ◽  
◽  
Taisiya Batsazova ◽  
Larisa Ikoeva ◽  
Albina Tedeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Spring Rape

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties to tan spot in the North Caucasus region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yu. Kremneva ◽  
Nina V. Mironenko ◽  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Olga A. Baranova ◽  
Yuri S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

VIRULENCE OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN POPULATION OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. F. SP. TRITICI

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
Е. V. Gladkova ◽  
O. O. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
The North ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of the study was to monitor the virulence of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici in the North Caucasus.  The objectives of the study were to collect P. graminis infectious material from sown winter wheat varieties and evaluate the long-term dynamics of the pathogen virulence in the North Caucasus region in 2014-2019. As a result, an analysis of the virulence of the stem rust pathogen population of wheat collected in Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, and Rostov Region was carried out. 81 mono-empty mushroom isolates were isolated and differentiated.  The genes Sr5, Sr31, Sr38 were characterized by high efficiency.  On the lines with the genes Sr7b, Sr8b, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr10, Sr11, Sr12, Sr13, Sr14, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr26, Sr29, Sr32, Sr33, S35, Sr37, SrDp2, SrWLD, a variation in the virulence frequencies of P. graminis was observed.  Significant changes (in the direction of increasing occurrence) in the North Caucasian population 2014-2019  the pathogen was noted in the frequency of clones virulent to wheat lines with resistance genes Sr11, Sr21, Sr22, Sr26, Sr32, Sr33. A decrease in the frequency of clones virulent to Sr8b, Sr9g, Sr10, Sr12, Sr14, Sr35. At approximately the same level, the occurrence of clones virulent to the genes Sr6, Sr7a, Sr8а, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr13, Sr15, Sr16, Sr17, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr25, Sr27, Sr30, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, SrGt, SrTmp. Effective genes that have shown their resistance to P. graminis in the seedling phase are proposed for use in breeding in southern Russia to create new varieties of wheat.

scholarly journals СОДЕРЖАНИЕ БЕЛКА В ЗЕРНЕ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ УРОВНЯХ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V.V. Koshelyaev ◽  
V.I. Salnikov ◽  
I.P. Koshelyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Основным направлением повышения качества зерна является выведение новых сортов, генетически предрасположенных формировать зерно с высоким качеством. Вместе с тем, генетический потенциал сортов способен реализовываться только при конкретных погодных условиях и применении приемов возделывания, благоприятно влияющих на рост и развитие растений. В настоящих исследованиях путем изменения режимов питания растений создавали различные условия для того, чтобы определить возможности сортов формировать урожай зерна с большим содержанием белка. Цель работы оценить и выделить сорта озимой пшеницы, способные реализовать потенциал качества зерна при различных уровнях интенсификации минерального питания. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что сорта озимой пшеницы характеризуются неодинаковыми свойствами накапливать белок в зерне. Высокой активностью накапливать белок при внесении удобрений характеризуется сорт Клавдия 2. Средней активностью сорта Безенчукская 380, Московская 56 и низкой Немчиновская 57, Скипетр и Фатинья. Внесение минеральных удобрений из расчета N16 P16 K16 при посеве осенью и N68 в подкормку весной способствует формированию зерна с более высоким содержанием белка у всех сортов озимой пшеницы.The main direction of improving the quality of grain is the cultivation of new varieties genetically predisposed to form high quality grain. At the same time, the genetic potential of varieties can only be realized under specific weather conditions and the application of cultivation techniques that favourably affect the growth and development of plants. In these studies, various conditions were created by changing plant nutritional regimes in order to determine the possibilities of varieties to form a grain crop with a high protein content. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and highlight varieties of winter wheat that can realize the potential of grain quality at various levels of intensification of mineral nutrition. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was established that varieties of winter wheat were characterized by unequal properties to accumulate protein in grain. Variety Claudia 2 was characterized by high activity to accumulate protein when fertilizing. Bezenchukskaya 380, Moskovskaya 56 were characterized by medium activity and Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter and Fatigna - by low. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16 P16 K16 during sowing in fall and N68 for top dressing in spring contributed to the formation of grain with a higher protein content in all varieties of winter wheat.

scholarly journals The use of NDVI to determine the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (12) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
I. STORCHAK ◽  
I. V. Chernova ◽  
F. Eroshenko ◽  
Tatiana Voloshenkova ◽  
Elena Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Federal State

Abstract. Lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in yield and grain quality in winter wheat plants. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nitrogen nutrition throughout the period of growth and development of plants, which will quickly assess the need for fertilizing to obtain high yields of quality grain. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the possibility of using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to control the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol territory. Methods. The work was performed in federal state budgetary scientific institution “North-Caucasian Federal Agricultural Research Centre” at the production of winter crops. Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeated – 4x. Determination of the chemical composition of plant organs was carried out by the method of V. T. Kurkaev with co-authors, and the content of chlorophyll – Milaeva and Primak. Results. Since the quality of winter wheat grain directly depends on the nitrogen supply of plants, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the vegetation index NDVI were studied. High correlation coefficients between these indicators are obtained. Thus, the average of Rcorr fields.in 2012 it was equal to –0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 –0.82. In addition, due to the dependence of nitrogen content on the amount of chlorophyll, it was possible to analyze the correlation between these indicators and NDVI fields, which showed that a stable relationship (inverse) is observed in the case of the amount of chlorophyll per unit biomass (mg/g), which is estimated on average at –0.79. The interrelation between grain quality and earth remote sensing data is revealed. It is most clearly seen in the case of the maximum and average NDVI for the period from the resumption of spring vegetation to full ripeness of winter wheat. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, a high inverse correlation between the vegetation index NDVI and the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants was determined, which on average is estimated by the correlation coefficient equal to –0.84.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document