scholarly journals Influence of various elements of cultivation technology on the chlorophyll content in winter wheat plants and its yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Elena Shestakova ◽  
F EROShENKO ◽  
I. STORCHAK ◽  
Lusine Oganyan ◽  
I. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Green Pigments

Abstract. The chlorophyll content is the most important factor that determines the intensity of photosynthesis and the overall biological productivity of plants. Therefore, the search for mechanisms that allow you to manage the production process is an important task, the solution of which will allow you to improve the technological methods of growing crops to obtain high yields. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of various elements of cultivation technology on the chlorophyll content in plants and the yield of winter wheat. Methods. The objects of research were winter wheat crops of various varieties. The chlorophyll content was determined by the method of Ya. I. Milaeva and N. P. Primak. Crop accounting was performed using the combine method. Results. The relative chlorophyll content in winter wheat plants: lea predecessor on average 9,4 % higher than for cereals; the use of mineral fertilizers in a few increased this figure by 38,0 %, wheat ‒ 14,0 %; in the later sowing time the amount of green pigments in plants on average more than early and optimum of 10,5 and 4,0 %, respectively; in more thickened crops, the chlorophyll content in plants is lower than in sparse ones (by 13,0 %). The absolute chlorophyll content (g/m2) in winter wheat plants: in a few in an average of 45,0 % higher than for cereals; the use of mineral fertilizers in a few increased this figure at 73,4 %, for winter wheat ‒ 76,8 %; number of green pigments in plants at the optimum sowing time is on average higher than in the early (29,6 %) and late (15,2 %); at the optimal seeding rate accumulates more chlorophyll than the minimum (by 33,4 %) and the maximum (24,2 %). On average, for all cultivation technologies, the variety Stat' contains the largest amount of chlorophyll in plants, and Zustrich – the smallest. The yield of winter wheat for the lea precursor was 4,9 t/ha, for winter wheat – 3,3 t/ha. Use of mineral fertilizers on couple increased this indicator on average by 44,1 %, and on the cereal predecessor ‒ by 55,3 %. At the optimal time of sowing, the highest yield was formed, and on average it was 5,1 t/ha for varieties. seeding Rates did not have provable differences on the yield of winter wheat. The highest yield was obtained in the Rate variety on the predecessor of pairs on a fertilized background – 7,5 t/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of various precursors, the level of mineral nutrition, timing and seeding rates on the content of chlorophyll in plants and the yield of winter wheat crops of new varieties of selection of the North Caucasian FSAC were revealed. The correlation between the relative and absolute content of chlorophyll in winter wheat plants and its yield for these varieties in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol territory was determined.

scholarly journals Influence of agricultural technology elements on nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Irina Vladimirovna Engovatova ◽  
Elena Olegovna Shestakova ◽  
Irina Gennadievna Storchak ◽  
Fedor Vladimirovich Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties

The purpose of our research is to study the influence of the main elements of cultivation technology on the nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants of varieties selected by THE North Caucasus Federal RESEARCH center (Mikhailovsk, Stavropol territory), as well as to establish the possibility of assessing the nitrogen content based on remote sensing data. Methods. The field experiment was performed in accordance with the guidelines of B. A. Dospekhov. The nitrogen content was determined by the method of V. T. Kurkaev and co-authors. NDVI data was obtained using a Greenseeker hand-held scanner (Trimble). Found that the use of mineral fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation increases the relative content of nitrogen in plants at the end of generative period by 30.7-61.3% as at the predecessor pairs and 12-52,5 % for the predecessor winter wheat. The highest nitrogen content in plants was observed at the seeding rate of 4 million/ha (the excess compared to 5 and 6 million/ha is 4.3-19 %). The influence of seeding dates and norms on the relative nitrogen content is not always unambiguous and depends on the conditions of a particular year. Among the varieties, Anisimovka shows high nitrogen content. During the earing phase, there is a direct correlation between the NDVI of winter wheat crops and the relative nitrogen content in plants, the correlation coefficient on average over the years of the study is 0.72. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time for the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the features of nitrogen nutrition of plants of new varieties of winter wheat was analyzed, and a correlation was established between the nitrogen content in the earing phase and the NDVI index.

SOWING TIME AND SEEDING RATE OPTIMISATION UNDER ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF VIOLA VARIETY WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
О. V. Lеvakova ◽  
Т. А. Barkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Percolation Processes ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

One of the defining periods in the life of plants is the sowing of winter crops (autumn) period. Only when a good ensure moisture and at an optimal temperature of air in this period it is possible to obtain timely and quality shoots, forming shoots tillering and percolation processes utilization and hardening plants. Given the importance of the foregoing, this paper presents the results of research in the context of the Institute of agricultural technology and seed-the branch winter wheat varieties of locality Viola at different dates of sowing norm and seeding. It is established that the different timing of sowing plant survival ranged -87.5- 57.9%. Significant differences on wintering plants between crops of different sowing dates have been identified. Seeding rate had no significant effect on plant height, ear length and number of grains in an ear. Indicating a high plasticity of winter wheat varieties Viola. The greatest influence on the grain yield had a weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.78) and number of grains per ear (r = 0.63). Our research has shown that for winter wheat varieties of Viola in the midst of the Ryazan region favourable term of sowing is the period from 5 to 10 September with optimum seeding rate 4.5 million. PCs/HA.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PRECURSES AND SOWING DATE ON OVER-WINTERING AND WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CHANGING REGIONAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Rezeda Sharipova ◽  
Robert Hakimov ◽  
Natal'ya Hakimova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Phase Form ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Viable Seeds

The research was carried out in order to determine the optimal time for sowing winter wheat according to various predecessors in the changing climate of Volga forest-steppe. The work was carried out in 2013–2019 in Ulyanovsk region on heavy loamy leached chernozem using conventional techniques. The experimental scheme provided for the study of two predecessors (peas and pure fallow) of winter soft wheat of Marafon variety, sown at 6 sowing dates with an interval of 10 days (from August 20 to October 10). The seeding rate for pure fallow is 5.0 million viable seeds per hectare, for peas - 5.5 million viable seeds per hectare. Average annual air temperature for 1961–2018 increased by 1.8°С. Its most significant increase was noted in the last twenty-five year period of time in the winter months. The increase in the frequency of extremely warm winters and temperature variability in the winter period significantly changed the conditions for overwintering winter crops. The danger of the development of wintering weeds, damping diseases, and soaking of winter crops has increased, and the conditions for overwintering pests have improved. It is possible to mitigate the danger of the natural and climatic vulnerability of crops during the wintering period by observing the optimal sowing dates, which should be postponed to a later period (7 ... 12 days), compared with the previously recommended ones. The optimal sowing period for winter wheat in Ulyanovsk region is from August 30 to September 10. Earlier crops are more intensively affected by diseases (powdery mildew and brown rust), and later crops, which have left in the winter in the germination phase, form a low density, form a small ear and provide low productivity or completely die

scholarly journals Lazurit winter wheat seeding rates in dependence to the predecessors and time of sowing in the Rostov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-556
Author(s):  
A. S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Viable Seeds

The study is aimed at determining the optimal seeding rates for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety by various seeding dates that would provide the highest grain yield in the conditions of Rostov region. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 on ordinary chernozem after different predecessors for winter wheat (black fallow and sunflower). Studied were: the seeding rates (3 mln, 4 mln, 5 mln viable seeds per hectare after the black fallow predecessor; 5 mln, 6 mln ,7 mln viable seeds per hectare after the sunflower predecessor), and the sowing date (the 10th,20th,30th of September, the10th of October). It has been established that after the black fallow predecessor the seeding rate for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety can be reduced to 3 million viable seeds/ha on the early sowing date (September,10) and optimal sowing date (September, 20). When sowing at the end of optimal (September, 30) and acceptable (October,10) periods, the sowing rate must be 5 million viable seeds/ha. After the sunflower predecessor, on the early sowing date (September,10) and optimal sowing dates (September, 20 and 30) the sowing rate of 5 million viable seeds/ha should be used. At the end of acceptable periods (October,10) the sowing rate should be increased to 6 million viable seeds/ha. After the black fallow predecessor, the highest yield of durum winter wheat has been formed – from 4.61 to 6.06 t/ha depending on the sowing rate and time of sowing. After the sunflower predecessor the yield level ranged from 3.43 to 4.28 t/ha. The optimal sowing time for durum winter wheat Lazurit variety in the south of Rostov region has been established - from the 10th to the 30th of September. Sowing in this period provided the largest number of productive stems (after the black fallow predecessor – 476-568 pcs/m2, after the sunflower predecessor – 420-512 pcs/m2), the grain mass per ear (1.21-1.36g and 0.91-1.08g), the plant height (95-100 cm and 92-100 cm), the ear length (6 cm and 4-5 cm, respectively).Conflict of interest: the author stated that there was no conflict of interest.

Japanese Bindweed (Calystegia hederacea) Abundance and Response to Winter Wheat Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Fertilization in the North China Plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Menegat ◽  
Ortrud Jäck ◽  
Jinwei Zhang ◽  
Kathrin Kleinknecht ◽  
Bettina U. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Japanese bindweed was found to be one of the most abundant and most difficult-to-control weed species during a 2-yr weed survey in more than 100 winter wheat fields in the North China Plain region. Multivariate data analysis showed that Japanese bindweed is most abundant at sites with comparative low nitrogen (N) fertilization intensities and low crop densities. To gain deeper insights into the biology of Japanese bindweed under various N fertilization intensities, winter wheat seeding rates, herbicide treatments, and their interactions, a 2-yr field experiment was performed. In nonfertilized plots, a herbicide efficacy (based on density reduction) of 22% for 2,4-D, and of 25% for tribenuron-methyl was found. The maximum herbicide efficacy in Nmin-fertilized plots (target N value based on expected crop yield minus soil mineral nitrogen content,) was 32% for 2,4-D and 34% for tribenuron-methyl. In plots fertilized according to the farmer's practices, a maximum herbicide efficacy of 72% for 2,4-D and of 64% for tribenuron-methyl could be observed. Furthermore, medium and high seeding rates improved the herbicide efficacy by at least 39% for tribenuron-methyl and 44% for 2,4-D compared to the low seeding rate. Winter wheat yield was not significantly affected by seeding rate itself, whereas at low and medium seeding rates, Nminfertilization was decreasing winter wheat yield significantly compared to the farmer's usual fertilization practice. At the highest seeding rate, Nminfertilization resulted in equal yields compared to the farmer's practices of fertilization.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATES AND SEEDING RATES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Irina Fadeeva ◽  
Marsel Tagirov ◽  
Ilyas Gazizov ◽  
Fail' Kurmakaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Sowing Period

In 2018-2019 in the Republic of Tatarstan the studies were carried out to study the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productuvuty of new varieties of winter wheat to identify the optimal elements of cultivation technology. The experiment scheme provided for the study of the following options: variety (factor A) - Darina, Universiada, Sultan; sowing time (factor B) - September 1 ... 2 (first, optimal), September 15 ... 17 (second); seeding rate (factor C) - 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5 million viable seeds per hectare. The predecessor is pure steam. Plot area 25 m2. The formation of the grain yield was mainly influenced by the sowing period (28.6%), the choice of the variety (21.2%) and the interaction of the three factors studied (15.8%). Universiada variety formed a yield of 4.91 t/ha during the first sowing period with a pure fallow and a seeding rate of 5.5 million pcs/ha. Sowing after September 15 resulted in a 33.78% decrease in the productivity of this variety. Darina variety formed the highest stand density among all the studied genotypes, both at the first (551.5 pieces/m2) and at the second (476.0 pieces/ m2) sowing dates. The highest grain yield of this variety was noted with the optimal (first) sowing period for pure fallow and the seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs/ha - 4.70 t/ha. A shift in sowing to a later date reduced its yield by 26.48%. Sultan variety formed the highest grain yield when sowing on September 1 ... 2 on a clean fallow with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs/ha. With a delay in sowing, like other varieties, the value of this indicator decreased by 24.65%. The analysis of correlations showed the dependence of the yield at the optimal sowing time in a medium degree on the grain size (r = 0.66), with a late one - on the number of productive stems for harvesting (r = 0.56). Key words: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety, productivity, yield, grain weight, correlation

scholarly journals About the role of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil treatment in the formation of corn hybrids productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Nurbiy Mamcirov ◽  
Arcen Mnatcakanyan
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The production of corn in the North Caucasus, and particularly in Adygea, has its own characteristics. While cultivating, it is necessary to improve individual elements of technology constantly, since they, together with technical means, determine production efficiency, seed productivity and quality of product [7]. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal methods of basic soil cultivation and doses of mineral fertilizers that give the maximum effect when growing corn selection hybrids of the FSBSI “National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko”. The novelty of the obtained results is that the responsiveness of new corn hybrids has been studied for the first time on merged leached black soils and the most optimal elements of their cultivation technology have been identified. The research methods correspond to the “Methodology of Experimental Business” by B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result, it was found that the types of tillage did not have a significant effect on the density of the topsoil and varied within 1.23–1.26 g/cm3. It was noted that the best conditions for the growth and development of plants are formed when fertilizers are applied at doses of N120P60K40 and N150P60K40. Plowing to a depth of 30–32 cm (option 3) and plowing to a depth of 26–28 cm with soil deepening (option 4) had approximately the same effect on the analyzed parameters of corn. The maximum leaf area in the range of 7028–7083 cm2 and the largest weight of one plant, 2.25–2.26 kg, was noted respectively in 3 and 4 options, which contributed to obtaining of the highest yield – 5.84 and 5.62 t/ha. The optimal parameters of the elements in the yield structure were noted in the variant with a dose of N120P60K40, where the grain yield of the hybrid ROSS 140 SV was 4.94 t/ha, Krasnodar 194 MV – 4.90 and ROSS 195 MV – 5.25 t/ha, which is on 67.2, 72.6 and 69.0 % higher than in the control. The use of fertilizers in a dose of N120P60K40 provides better economic efficiency, although the yield here is somewhat lower than on the N150P60K40 option. The most cost-effective was the variant with the dose of N120P60K40, and amounted: ROSS 140 SV – 168.6 %, Krasnodar 194 MV – 184.4 % and ROSS 195 MV – 185.4 %.

Early sowing increases nitrogen uptake and yields of winter wheat grown with cattle slurry or mineral fertilizers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suarez-Tapia ◽  
J. Rasmussen ◽  
I. K. Thomsen ◽  
B. T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
North West

AbstractThe current study evaluated the effect of sowing date (early, mid-August or timely, mid-September) on two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Hereford, Mariboss) with different rates of nitrogen (N) (0–225 kg total N/ha) applied as animal manure (AM; cattle slurry) or mineral fertilizers (N: phosphorus: potassium; NPK). Overwinter plant N uptake and soil mineral N content were determined during 2014/15, while harvest yields (grain, straw, N content) were determined during 2014/15 and 2015/16. Overwinter uptake of N was 14 kg N/ha higher in early than in timely-sown wheat. Despite very different yield levels in 2015 and 2016 harvests, the advantage of early sowing on grain yields was similar (1.1 and 0.9 t/ha); straw yield benefits were greater in 2015 (1.7 t/ha more) than in 2016 (0.4 t/ha more). In 2015 and 2016, N offtake was 35 and 17 kg N/ha higher in early than in timely-sown wheat, respectively. The mineral N fertilizer value of cattle slurry averaged 50%. Early sowing increased the apparent N recovery (ANR) for wheat regardless of nutrient source. However, ANR was substantially higher for NPK (82% in 2015; 52% in 2016) than for AM (39% in 2015; 27% in 2016). Performance of the two cultivars did not differ consistently with respect to the effect of early sowing on crop yield, N concentration and offtake, or ANR. Within the north-west European climatic region, moving the sowing time of winter wheat from mid-September to mid-August provides a significant yield and N offtake benefit.

scholarly journals Окупність сумісного використання добрив та біопрепаратів на пшениці озимої в Південному Степу України

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
В. В. Гамаюнова ◽  
А. В. Панфілова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Метою роботи було удосконалення елементів технології вирощування сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Степу України на засадах ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин шляхом оброблення посіву рослин рістрегулюючими речовинами в основні періоди вегетації по фону основного внесення невисоких доз мінеральних добрив. Методика дослідження. Експериментальні дослідження проводили впродовж 2011 – 2016 рр. на дослідному полі Миколаївського національного аграрного університету. Об’єктом досліджень була пшениця озима – сорти Кольчуга та Заможність. У дослідженнях застосовували загальноприйняті для зони методики досліджень. Урожайність визначали методом суцільного скошування з кожної облікової ділянки. Результати дослідження. У результаті виконаної роботи встановлено, що у роки досліджень урожайність пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга коливалася в межах 2,89–4,48 т/га, а сорту Заможність – 3,05–4,99 т/га залежно від варіанту живлення. Найбільш оптимальним фон живлення складався за поєднання внесення помірної дози мінерального добрива і підживлення в період вегетації препаратами Органік Д2 та Ескорт – біо. Окупність приростом урожайності зерна в зазначених варіантах живлення пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга склала 25,50–26,50 кг, а сорту Заможність – 31,83‒32,33 кг. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку питання ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин пшениці озимої, у зв’язку з появою нових сортів, препаратів й зміною кліматичних і ґрунтових умов. Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає в розробці, удосконаленні й впровадженні у виробництво елементів технології вирощування пшениці озимої на чорноземі південному, яка забезпечує приріст урожайності зерна на рівні 1,59–1,94 т/га залежно від сорту. The purpose of the work was improving the elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine on the basis of resource-saving plant nutrition by treating the plants with the growth-regulating preparations during the main vegetation periods on the background of the main applying low doses of mineral fertilizers. Methods of research. Experimental studies were conducted during 2011–2016 in the experimental field of Mykolaiv NAU. The objects of the research were such winter wheat varieties as Kolchuha and Zamozhnist.  Generally accepted methods for the given research area were used in the experiments. The yield was determined by the method of overall mowing from each accounting area. The research results. The studies have shown that, over the years of the research, the winter wheat yield of Kolchuha variety was 2.89–4.48 t/ha, and the yield of  Zamozhnist variety was 3.05–4.99 t/ha, depending on the variant of nutrition. The most effective variant of crop nutrition, over the years of research, was the application of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and additional fertilization during the vegetation period with the preparations “Organic D2” and “Escort-bio”. Thus, using these nutrition variants has resulted in yield increasing of Kolchuha winter wheat variety to 25.50–26.50 kg, and of Zamozhnist variety – to 31.83–32.33 kg. The elements of scientific novelty. The questions of the resource-saving nutrition of winter wheat plants, in connection with the appearance of new varieties, preparations and changes of climatic and soil conditions have been considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is the development, improvement and introduction into production of the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in the Southern black soil, as this crop provides grain yield growth at the level of 1.59–1.94 tons/ha depending on the variety.

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