scholarly journals Influence of winter wheat varieties and precursors on soil fertility, grain yield and quality in Stavropol territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Elena Vyacheslavovna Pismennaya ◽  
Margarita Yuryevna Azarova ◽  
Lyudmila Gennadievna Kurasova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

Research was conducted on the basis of JSC "Agrohleboprodukt" branch "Agrokevsalinsky" Ipatovsky district of Stavropol territory in 2017-2019 to determine the feasibility of sowing varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on sunflower and chickpeas with No-till technology. The production experience was carried out on an area of 3000 m2. The scheme of the experiment is 2-factors: varieties (factor A) – Zustrich (St.), Bagira, Bagrat; precursors (factor B) – sunflower and chickpeas. The climate of the zone is arid. The average annual temperature is 10.3°С. The average annual precipitation is 36.1 mm. The soil of the farm is dark chestnut carbonate heavy loam. Indicators of water resistance (for sunflower and chickpeas was 49.5 – 49.9 % and 66.7 – 68.2 % respectively) and the coefficient of structure (1.9 – 2.1 and 2.1 – 2.3 respectively) of dark chestnut soil before sowing varieties of winter wheat had optimal values for all predecessors. On average, the soil density for the growing season for sunflower is 1.28 g/cm3, chickpeas – 1.20 g/cm3. For varieties from sowing to the full ripeness phase, the soil density increases by 4.8 % and 2.5 % respectively. On average, the reserve of productive moisture for the growing season for sunflower is 64.7 g/cm3, chickpeas – 76.2 g/cm3. The greatest moisture availability is observed when sowing sunflower and chickpeas in the Bagrat variety – 66.2 mm and 78.8 mm respectively. The content of humus in the soils of the farm is 2.62 – 2.69 %, exchange potassium – 362.5 – 400.5 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus – 32.7 – 37.0 mg/kg; nitrogen – 13.4 – 13.9 mg/kg. In terms of humus content during the growing period, Bagrat varieties have the highest indicators for sunflower and legume precursors (2.62 % and 2.70 %), as well as for exchange potassium, mobile phosphorus and nitrogen (365.7 – 403.0 mg/kg; 33.2 – 37.4 mg/kg; 14.4 – 14.9 mg/kg). The average yield for sunflower and chickpea varieties is 4.44 t/ha and 4.67 t/ha respectively. Bagrat variety proved to be the most productive for both predecessors (for sunflower – 4.72 t/ha, for chickpeas – 5.00 t/ha) with high grain quality indicators (the amount of raw gluten – 27.1 %, nature – 726.4 g/l, vitreous – 86.3 %). The constructed trend models reflected a very high relationship between the predecessors, soil fertility indicators and winter wheat yield (r=1.0).

Dynamics of water-physical soil properties when cultivating winter wheat after fallow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Солодовников ◽  
Б. Шагиев ◽  
А. Лёвкина
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
State University ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Minimum Tillage

Научные исследования выполнялись на тёмно-каштановой почве (среднесуглинистой по гранулометрическому составу) опытного поля Саратовского ГАУ в 20172019 годах. Цель исследований заключалась в изучении динамики плотности, водопроницаемости, влажности почвы и определении влияния различных способов основной обработки на продуктивность озимой пшеницы в паровом звене. Наблюдения за водно-физическими свойствами тёмно-каштановых почв проводились на чистых парах после первой культивации. Наибольшая плотность сложения в пахотном слое отмечалась при минимальной обработке дисковым орудием (1,22 г/см3), а наименьшая при вспашке (1,12 г/см3). Хорошая водопроницаемость в первый час отмечалась при безотвальной (102,5 мм/ч), комбинированной (120,3 мм/ч) и отвальной (126,6 мм/ч) обработках. При минимальной обработке наблюдалось снижение водопроницаемости до 76,7 мм/ч, что было ниже контроля на 39. В фенологическую фазу кущения и выхода в трубку озимой пшеницы максимальная влажность метрового слоя была при комбинированной обработке, а минимальная в варианте с обработкой дискатором. К фазе восковой спелости озимой пшеницы различия по вариантам сглаживались. Комбинированная обработка на тёмно-каштановых почвах Саратовского Заволжья обеспечивала повышение урожайности озимой пшеницы на 2,3, безотвальное глубокое рыхление на 1,4. Минимизация основной обработки почвы уменьшала продуктивность озимой пшеницы на 10,5 по сравнению с отвальной обработкой. The experiment took place on dark chestnut soil with medium clay content at the Saratov State University in 20172019. The aim was to observe the dynamics of soil density, water permeability and water content as well as to test the effect of different cultivation practices on winter wheat productivity on the background of clean fallow. Water-physical properties were analyzed after the first cultivation on the background of clean fallow. The highest soil density was observed when disking (1.22 g/cm3), the lowest one under plowing (1.12 g/cm3). Boardless, integrated and moldboard plowings provided good water permeability during the first hour 102.5, 120.3 and 126.6 mm/h, respectively. Minimum tillage reduced water permeability down to 76.7 mm/h, which was 39 lower than in the control variant. At tillering and stem elongation phases maximal water content of 1 m-layer was observed under integrated tillage while the minimal one when disking. By the middle dough stage differences among variants became insignificant. Integrated tillage improved wheat productivity by 2.3, boardless plowing by 1.4. Minimum tillage reduced wheat yield by 10.5 compared to moldboard plowing.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

scholarly journals An Improved CASA Model for Estimating Winter Wheat Yield from Remote Sensing Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Wang ◽  
Xingang Xu ◽  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Guijun Yang ◽  
Lingling Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Casa Model ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The accurate and timely monitoring and evaluation of the regional grain crop yield is more significant for formulating import and export plans of agricultural products, regulating grain markets and adjusting the planting structure. In this study, an improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA) model was coupled with time-series satellite remote sensing images to estimate winter wheat yield. Firstly, in 2009 the entire growing season of winter wheat in the two districts of Tongzhou and Shunyi of Beijing was divided into 54 stages at five-day intervals. Net Primary Production (NPP) of winter wheat was estimated by the improved CASA model with HJ-1A/B satellite images from 39 transits. For the 15 stages without HJ-1A/B transit, MOD17A2H data products were interpolated to obtain the spatial distribution of winter wheat NPP at 5-day intervals over the entire growing season of winter wheat. Then, an NPP-yield conversion model was utilized to estimate winter wheat yield in the study area. Finally, the accuracy of the method to estimate winter wheat yield with remote sensing images was verified by comparing its results to the ground-measured yield. The results showed that the estimated yield of winter wheat based on remote sensing images is consistent with the ground-measured yield, with R2 of 0.56, RMSE of 1.22 t ha−1, and an average relative error of −6.01%. Based on time-series satellite remote sensing images, the improved CASA model can be used to estimate the NPP and thereby the yield of regional winter wheat. This approach satisfies the accuracy requirements for estimating regional winter wheat yield and thus may be used in actual applications. It also provides a technical reference for estimating large-scale crop yield.

WEED INFESTATION OF WINTER TRITICALE, DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES OF CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Кузнецов ◽  
Leonid Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Salt Extract

The investigations were carried out in 2014-2015, on a light gray forest heavy loamy soil. The humus content in the arable layer was 5.9%. The mobile phosphorus was 162 and exchangeable potassium was 172 mg per kilogram, respectively, pH of salt extract was 5.6. The total area of the plot was 200 m2, the discount area - 150 m2. Replication - fourfold, placing of plots was successive. Experience scheme: Factor A - preplant soil tillage: 1. Cultivation - 10-12 cm. 2. Milling – 10-12 cm. Factor B – fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers (control). 2. Fertilizers, aimed to 4.0 tons per hectare (N120P75K90). The following varieties were used as the object of the study: Kornet, Kristal and Nemchinovskaya 56. The norms of fertilizers is calculated by the balance method, based on their removal from the crop and in the soil. The options, treated with a cultivator, were the most clogged. There are no significant difference among tested varieties of Kornet, Nemchinovskaya 56 and Kristal, but Nemchinovskaya 56 was the most clogged - 36 units per square meter, and less weedy was Cornet. When milling , the most clogged was Nemchinovskaya 56 variety - 30 units per square meter. In the way of without fertilization (control), Kristal variety was the most clogged - 21 units per square meter. The weed infestation of winter triticale at the beginning of growing season of Kristal variety was more to 21.3%, Nemchinovskaya 56 variety to 17% and Kristal to 21.6% more, than in milling. At the end of the growing season of winter triticale during cultivation the weeds increased by 71% and 74%. The same pattern was preserved debris perennial weeds early in the growing season 2.4-4.2 units per square meter, at the end of the growing season 4.6-4.7 units per square meter. The most clogged varieties were Nemchinovskaya 56 – 2.8-4.6 units per square meter and Kristal 2.7-4.7 units per square meter.

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilization on Gray-Brown Soils on Change of Food Mode in Soil Under Winter Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
R. Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

The article shows the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer norms on gray–brown soils and changes in the nutritional regime in winter wheat soils under irrigation in the Ganja–Gazakh region. It was found that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for winter wheat in gray–brown soils significantly affected the change in the nutrient regime of the soil, significantly increasing the amount of nutrients easily absorbed by plants in the plowed and subsoil layers of the soil, as compared to the control (unfertilized) option, effective fertility increased, which in turn had a significant impact on productivity. At the end of the growing season, depending on the norm of mineral fertilizers in the soil layer 0–60 cm, ammonia nitrogen is 13.1–14.1, nitrate nitrogen is 7.2–7.4, mobile phosphorus is 7.0–8.0 and exchangeable potassium — 15.6–19.2 mg/kg, depending on the rate of organic fertilizers at the end of the growing season, ammonia nitrogen 12.6-–13.7, nitrate nitrogen 5.3–5.7, mobile phosphorus 6.2–6.6 and metabolic potassium while it increased by 20.4–21.2 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Wheat and Barley Susceptibility and Tolerance to Multiple Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Zachariah Miller ◽  
Fabian Menalled ◽  
Dai Ito ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivar Screening

One of the greatest virus disease threats to wheat production in the Great Plains of the USA is Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Breeding programs have developed wheat varieties that are resistant or tolerant to WSMV infection, but these characteristics are climate dependent, and may also vary by WSMV isolate. We tested 10 spring and nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties for resistance and tolerance to one WSMV isolate over four years. In spring wheat and barley, there were year by cultivar interactions in terms of resistance and tolerance. However, in winter wheat, yield losses due to WSMV were relatively consistent across years and varieties. Additionally, we tested the impacts of three WSMV isolates individually and in a mixture on twelve, two, and twelve varieties of spring wheat, barley, and winter wheat, respectively. Resistance and tolerance varied by isolate and cultivar, but there were no isolate by cultivar interactions. For spring wheat and barley, yield impacts were greater for two of the three single isolates than for the isolate mixture, whereas in winter wheat, the isolate mixture caused greater yield losses than the individual isolates. Overall, the results indicate that resistance and tolerance phenotypes were influenced by environmental conditions and by WSMV isolate or combination of isolates, suggesting that cultivar screening should be conducted over multiple years and with multiple virus isolates.

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management in Oklahoma winter wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractHalauxifen plus florasulam, thifensulfuron plus fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil plus bicyclopyrone are three, relatively new POST premix herbicides developed for control of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat. These herbicides, along with older products, were evaluated for their control of horseweed in Altus, Perkins, and Ponca City, Oklahoma, during the spring of 2017 and 2018. Horseweed has become a critical weed in Oklahoma because of its extensive germination window, changes in tillage practices, and increase in herbicide-resistant horseweed biotypes. Visual weed control was estimated every 2 wk throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected from three of the six site-years. Horseweed size ranged from 5 to 20 cm at time of application. The halauxifen plus florasulam, and thifensulfuron plus fluroxypyr combinations were effective at controlling a wide range of horseweed rosette sizes across all locations, whereas control with other treatments varied depending on presence of herbicide resistance, weed size at time of application, and mix partner.

scholarly journals Agroecological conditions of winter wheat cultivation under the protection of forest belts

2021 ◽  
Vol 204 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sarychev ◽  
Denis Mihal'kov ◽  
Anastasiya Vdovenko ◽  
Ol'ga Vorob'eva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Major Nutrients

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of functioning of forest-reclaimed agrobiocenoses and assess their impact in combination with various soil treatments on the formation of winter wheat yield. The object of research was field agrobiocenosis in combination with protective stands. Observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Research result. Research has shown that protective forest belts have an impact on agroecological conditions within the inter-band space and on the yield of winter wheat. It is established that the highest content of productive moisture in the inter-lane space is observed at a distance of 5 to 10 Н from the forest strip. The average content of productive moisture in this zone was 49.4 mm, which is 11.3 mm more than in a field without protective plantings. Differentiated changes in soil moisture in the interband space persist throughout the growing season of winter wheat. Zonal distribution of moisture reserves in the soil affects the formation of the total water consumption of winter wheat, the value of the water consumption coefficient. In a protected field, the total water flow is from 1418.8 to 1758.6 m3/ha, in a field without protective plantings – 1329.7 m3/ha. The yield of winter wheat under the protection of stands is higher than in the field without protective stands. On average, over 5 years of research, depending on the applied technology of soil cultivation, the increase in yield was 0.21–0.29 t/ha. Scientific novelty. In result of the conducted researches the features of moisture and the content of major nutrients in crops in light-chestnut soil in terms of agroecology, the dependence of the activity of soil microbiota from remoteness from planting shelterbelts, assessed the effectiveness of the soil treatment methods and their influence on productivity of winter wheat.

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FERTILIZERS SYSTEMS FOR LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY HAYMAKING AND SOIL FERTILITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalhat Teberdiev ◽  
Anna Rodionova ◽  
Sergey Zapivalov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral System

When using long-term haymaking (73 years of use), the regularities of the influence of fertilizers and technological systems on the productivity and fertility of the soil are established. When using a technogenic system (without fertilizers), the productivity was 31.9 GJ/ha of exchange energy, the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil decreased by 37%, exchange potassium-by 19%, humus increased from 2.03 to 3.05%, with an annual humus content of 18 kg/ha. The highest productivity of haymaking over the past 27 years of use was observed in the technogenic-mineral system when using N180P45K90 —– 72.5 GJ/ha of exchange energy, 5.6 thousand feed. units, 922 kg/ha of raw protein. The content of mobile phosphorus in the soil increased by 232% compared to the initial one, humus from 2.03 to 2.94%, exchange potassium decreased by 18%, and the average annual accumulation of humus was 28 kg/ha.

PARENT MATERIAL FOR WINTER WHEAT SELECTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Torbina ◽  
А. G. Khakimova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
High Soil Temperature

The purpose of these studies was the study of winter wheat varieties of world collection of the Institute of Plant Industry on the complex of economically valuable signs of winter wheat, the selection of selection-valuable varieties for conditions of the Udmurt Republic. A significant fluctuation in the winter wheat productivity for years predetermines the adaptive orientation of selection in the region, the selection for increasing the resistance of genotypes to biotic and abiotic environment factors. The assessment of the level and stability of the varieties under study (indicator of level and stability of the variety) of the collection nursery was carried out according to the methodology of E.D. Nettevich. The study of 46 samples of winter wheat of the Institute of Plant Industry collection was carried out in 2014-2016. Soil of the experimental plot is well-cultivated sod-podzolic medium loamy, slightly acidic, with average humus content, a very high content of mobile phosphorus, high - exchangeable potassium. In the years of research, wintering of winter wheat was carried out in conditions of high soil temperature at the depth of tillering node (0 ... -4 °C), which led to the damping-out of culture and epiphytoty of snow mold. A higher average wintering (46%) and stability of winter hardiness (indicator of level and stability of the variety = 17) was noted in the standard Moskovskaya 39. The variety of winter wheat Bogdanka was the most productive and generated a yield of 325 g/m2 on average for 2014 and 2016. However, this variety was characterized by its considerable variability (V=130%). The yield of sorts Skagen (Germany) and FT Wonder (Canada) were 256 and 208 g/m2, respectively, which is at yield level of the Moskovskaya 39 (239 g/m2) , but these varieties were much more stable than the standard, the indicator of level and stability of the varieties was 3349-4237, for the standard – 754. Sources of economically valuable qualities of culture for the republic's conditions - stable yields, high grain size and grain content, resistance to powdery mildew, early maturity - were identified as a result of study of collection samples under unfavorable conditions of winter wheat dumping-out.

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