scholarly journals THE GROWING TECHNOLOGY OF MIXED SEEDED PLANTS AT STUBBLE-FIELD

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Elkhan Rajab Allahverdiyev ◽  
Aytekin Sabir Mamedova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mixed Crops

One of the main measures to increase production in the field of grain and feed production in our republic is to increase the yield of grain and forage crops on plantations.The purpose of our research work is to study the effect of fertilization and irrigation rates on the yield, crop quality and soil fertility of crops sown in a mixture when planting honeysuckle. The results of research conducted in world agriculture show that mainly the yield and composition of mixed crops, the quality indicators of which depend on the components of the crops to be sown, their seeding rate and cultivation technology. As a result of studies conducted in the conditions of ancient irrigated gray-meadow soils of the Karabakh region of our republic, it was found that with 4 - fold vegetation irrigation (4200 m3), the yield of mixed sowing in the control version without fertilizers was 372 c/ha, while under the influence of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers, the yield increased and amounted to 447-627 c/ha. Based on the results of the study, it can be said that in order to obtain a high yield of green mass with the joint sowing of corn and soybeans, the optimal irrigation and fertilizer application rates were determined, the highest indicator was achieved in the variant where the fertilizer standards N120P150C150 were applied. In the course of the study, the influence of fertilizer application rates and optimization of the amount of irrigation on the quality indicators of feed, as well as on the yield obtained from mixed crops, was studied. As a result of the conducted analyses, the amount of raw protein, absolute dry matter, nitrate nitrogen in the natural mass, the yield of feed units per hectare and the amount of protein going for digestion were determined. Thus, the application of fertilizers within the optimal limits and the correct, timely supply of irrigation standards significantly increase the quality of the crop on a par with the yield on mixed crops, the soil fertility is preserved.

scholarly journals Influence of the optimization of the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield of green mass and indicators of the quality of fodder on stubble crops of mixed crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
El'han Radzhab ogly Allahverdiev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mixed Crops

Abstract. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of optimization of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield of green mass and indicators of the quality of forage on stubble crops of mixed cultivated crops on poorly supplied with nutrients gray-meadow soils. The introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and sorghum increased the yield of green mass. With a yield of green mass of 372 c/ha in the control variant of mixed crops without fertilizers, in the variant of introducing the norm N120P150K150, this figure was 627 c/ha, which is 255 c/ha more in comparison with the control, i.e. by 68 %. It has been found that the introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and soybeans, along with an increase in the yield of green mass, has a positive effect on its quality indicators. Based on the research results, it was found that to achieve a high yield of green mass of joint crops of corn and soybeans, it is effective to introduce mineral fertilizers at the rate of N120P150K150 and the joint use of organic and mineral fertilizers at the rate of 10 t/ha (manure) + N70P125K90.

scholarly journals Quantifying N2O emissions from intensive grassland production: the role of synthetic fertilizer type, application rate, timing and nitrification inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. BELL ◽  
J. M. CLOY ◽  
C. F. E. TOPP ◽  
B. C. BALL ◽  
A. BAGNALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ipcc Default

SUMMARYIncreasing recognition of the extent to which nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to climate change has resulted in greater demand to improve quantification of N2O emissions, identify emission sources and suggest mitigation options. Agriculture is by far the largest source and grasslands, occupying c. 0·22 of European agricultural land, are a major land-use within this sector. The application of mineral fertilizers to optimize pasture yields is a major source of N2O and with increasing pressure to increase agricultural productivity, options to quantify and reduce emissions whilst maintaining sufficient grassland for a given intensity of production are required. Identification of the source and extent of emissions will help to improve reporting in national inventories, with the most common approach using the IPCC emission factor (EF) default, where 0·01 of added nitrogen fertilizer is assumed to be emitted directly as N2O. The current experiment aimed to establish the suitability of applying this EF to fertilized Scottish grasslands and to identify variation in the EF depending on the application rate of ammonium nitrate (AN). Mitigation options to reduce N2O emissions were also investigated, including the use of urea fertilizer in place of AN, addition of a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and application of AN in smaller, more frequent doses. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from a cut grassland in south-west Scotland from March 2011 to March 2012. Grass yield was also measured to establish the impact of mitigation options on grass production, along with soil and environmental variables to improve understanding of the controls on N2O emissions. A monotonic increase in annual cumulative N2O emissions was observed with increasing AN application rate. Emission factors ranging from 1·06–1·34% were measured for AN application rates between 80 and 320 kg N/ha, with a mean of 1·19%. A lack of any significant difference between these EFs indicates that use of a uniform EF is suitable over these application rates. The mean EF of 1·19% exceeds the IPCC default 1%, suggesting that use of the default value may underestimate emissions of AN-fertilizer-induced N2O loss from Scottish grasslands. The increase in emissions beyond an application rate of 320 kg N/ha produced an EF of 1·74%, significantly different to that from lower application rates and much greater than the 1% default. An EF of 0·89% for urea fertilizer and 0·59% for urea with DCD suggests that N2O quantification using the IPCC default EF will overestimate emissions for grasslands where these fertilizers are applied. Large rainfall shortly after fertilizer application appears to be the main trigger for N2O emissions, thus applicability of the 1% EF could vary and depend on the weather conditions at the time of fertilizer application.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko ◽  
Ludmila Stepantsova ◽  
Grigory Pugachev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil fertility parameters in the Zaporizhzhya region and the ways of its restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
O. L. Romanenko ◽  
I. S. Kushch ◽  
A. V. Agafonova ◽  
Yu. O. Tenyukh ◽  
M. M. Solodushko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Balance

During 2000–2018, the results of the application of organic and mineral fertilizers in dynamics and their effect on the content of humus and nutrients in the soils of the Zaporizhzhya region were reviewed. To control the state of soil fertility use the calculation of the balance of humus and nutrients. This makes it possible to determine the extent to which the application of nutrients with fertilizers covers their removal by crop yields. Negative tendencies have been identified, which have led to the deterioration of soil fertility in the Zaporizhia region. Measures are proposed to achieve a deficit-free balance of humus and nutrients. On average, in 2000–2018, the level of mineral fertilizer application in the Zaporizhia region remained low – 38 kg/ha (nitrogen – 28 kg, phosphorus – 7, potassium – 3 kg), and manure – only 0.2 t/ha. According to the results of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the dynamics of changes in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium over the past 18 years has been determined. The average weighted content of humus in the soils in the VIII round was 3.44 %, IX – 3.52, X – 3.40, XI (2016–2018) – 3.57 %, which indicates the stability of this indicator. The weighted average nitrogen content, which is easily hydrolyzed during all rounds, has close values (83.6–90.3 mg/kg) and corresponds to a low level of its supply. The content of mobile phosphorus compounds during the VIII – IX rounds was quite stable (97.1–101.6 mg/kg), and in the X–XI rounds there was even an increase to 123.3–123.4 mg/kg. The phosphorus regime of soils is stable and corresponds to the increased level of security, except for the ninth round (average). Potassium regime of the soil for eighteen years also remains stable and refers to a high level of security (159.6–176.8 mg/kg). The balance of humus and nutrients in the soils of the region remains negative. There is a tendency of positive changes if we compare the results for the first (2003–2014) and second (2003–2018) periods. Thus, to achieve a positive balance of humus it is necessary to apply 2 t/ha of straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers and 6.4 t/ha of manure, and in 2003–2018 – respectively 2 t / ha straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 5.8 t/ha of manure. Key words: soil, balance, dynamics, humus, fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen and mineral fertilizer application rates for legumes on the number of stems and the amount of NPK in the soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04031
Author(s):  
Abduvali Iminov ◽  
Furkatbek Achilov ◽  
Akhmad Kurbonov ◽  
Dilnoza Usmonova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Endogenous Bacteria

Inoculation of seeds of legumes (soybean - Glycine max L., mung bean - Phaseolus aureus L., wild beans - Phaseolus) grown as a secondary crop after winter wheat before sowing with nitragin and application of mineral fertilizers in different doses affected the amount of endogenous bacteria formed in the plant root as well as the agrochemical properties of the soil. Inoculation of legume seeds with nitragin before sowing and application of mineral fertilizers at different rates increased the amount of humus in the topsoil (0-30 cm) layer by 0.025-0.029% compared to the initial values, and the total nitrogen content by 0.009-0.012%. The formation of endogenous bacteria in the root of the plant was inoculated with nitrogen before sowing the seeds of soybean, moss, bean crops. The amount of legumes was 22.7-36.7 pieces in the variant, in which the mineral fertilizers N30 R90 K60 kg/ha was applied, whereas it was 12.0-15.6 pieces in the variant without any mineral fertilizers.

Soil conditions and yield of repeatedly grown apple orchard depending on long-term fertilizer application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Impact

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment

Broad beans are perspective leguminous forage crops

10.12737/2223 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Cost

The articles offers the results of studies on the effect of sowing methods, seeding rates and backgrounds supply on yield and economic efficiency of broad bean cultivation for seeds. Increase seeding rate of 0.4 to 0.8 million units per hectare, regardless of sowing methods, increased the content of crude protein at 2.5-3.3 %. Similar changes occurred in the sugar content of the grain. In contrast, with increasing seeding rate, in wide-space sowing and calculated doses of fertilizers usage, resulted in a decrease of crude fiber, fat and ash. Adding the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at planting in wide-space sowing with a rowing space of 45 cm and seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare provides about 10 thousand rubles per hectare, and the profitability level was 78 percent. Formation of high yields of green mass (41.0 tons per hectare) and grain ( 2.34 tons per hectare) of broad bean noted, when adding calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at wide-space sowing method with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare. I this way, we can see the high net income ( 9742.8 rubles per hectare), the level of profitability (78.0 %) and the cost of 1 ton of grain (5336.4 rubles per ton). The calculations of economic efficiency of fodder beans cultivation for grain showed that a high profitability obtained by making calculated doses of fertilizers, with a rowing method of sowing and seed rate of 0.7 million units per hectare was 59.4 %, while in wide-space sowing (45 and 60 cm) with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare was 78.0%.

Study of quality indicators in horse bean varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Sədaqət Sədrəddin qızı Camıyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Ha Protein

Nutrition is the most important natural factor in human health. In modern times humanity often faces the malnutrition worldwide. At present, many countries of the world are making new contributions to breeding. They cultivate many plants in this direction and select the best and most valuable species and varieties. Plant products are utilized as food, forage, and raw materials in the light industry. From this point of view, study of horse beans is important. Horse beans are easy to grow. Amino acids, proteins, and vitamins in their composition are well absorbed by the human body. Humans get their plant protein from bread, which is part of their daily diet. This means less calories and more protein. The creation of new products is of particular interest. From this point of view, the research work on this topic is relevant and demand of the day. Quality indicators in the nursery resistant to ascochitosis (FBIABN): protein in FLIP16-029FB was 32.9%, fat in FLIP17-045FB was 6.90% and the highest humidity was found in FLIP17-045FB-13.9%. Oil yield showed variation between 0.27-3.13% (c/ha), protein yield showed variation between 2.6–16.6% (c/ ha), yield showed variation between 10,0-50.9(c/ha). In the nursery resistant to chocolate spot disease (FBICSN), protein indicators in Rebeya 40 were 30.4%. Oil content in Rebeya 40 was 8.37%. Humidity indicators showed 13.5%. Oil content showed variation between 0.34-2.70% (c/ha), protein yield between 2.55-9.4% (c/ha), yield varied between 10.0-47.5(c/ha).Quality indicators in mechanical harvesting nursery (FBIMHN): protein in FLIP 16-214 was (27.6%). Oil content in FLIP17-055FB was 5.39%. Humidity indicators in FLIP17-055 FB were 17.1%. Oil yield showed variation between 0.27-1.84% (c/ha), protein yield showed vatiation between 1.02-9.94% (c/ha), productivity showed variation between 6.0-39.9% (c/ha). In the seeds of the studied varieties, between productivity and oil yield per hectare, r = 0.983**, productivity and protein yield per hectare, r = 0.962** positive correlation was observed. From this dependence, it is possible to create high-yield and-quality varieties by breeding. Key words: horse bean, protein, fat, humidity, quality, yield

scholarly journals FORMATION OF MIXED AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES OF ALFERA AND CONCEPT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.А. Тимошкин ◽  
С.А. Сёмина ◽  
О.Ю. Тимошкина ◽  
С.А. Алексеев
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Mixed Crops

Исследования проводили на опытном поле Пензенского ИСХ – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК в 2017-2019 годах. Цель исследований – теоретически обосновать и разработать технологические приемы возделывания люцерны изменчивой сорт Дарья и костреца безостого сорт Удалец на кормовые цели в смешанных посевах, базирующихся на подборе норм высева и фона минерального питания, обеспечивающих максимальную продуктивность агрофитоценозов в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. Посев – летний (июнь), беспокровный. Норма высева в чистом виде: люцерны и костреца по 6 млн. всх. семян на 1 га, в смешанных посевах – согласно схемы опыта. Способ посева – рядовой (размещение культур – черезрядное). Показано, что увеличение нормы высева с 40 до 100 % как люцерны, так и костреца способствует лучшей всхожести семян. Так, всхожесть семян люцерны при высеве 40 % от полной нормы составила 45,3 %, при высеве 70 % – 50,9 %, при высеве 100 % от нормы высева – 53,9 %. У костреца безостого показатели всхожести в среднем за три года составили от 30,0 до 36,6 %. Анализ влияния фона минерального питания показал, что внесение минеральных удобрений в годы с недостатком осадков оказало негативное влияние на показатель всхожести семян изучаемых культур. Изучение сохранности растений в зависимости от нормы высева компонентов показало, что с увеличением нормы высева с 40 до 100 % сохранность люцерны снижается с 62,8 % до 50,1 %, костреца безостого – с 37,5 % до 22,3 %. Улучшение фона минерального питания также приводило к снижению сохранности растений: люцерны с 62,7 % в контроле до 59,4-56,9 % при внесении фосфорно-калийных и азотно-фосфорно-калийных удобрений, костреца безостого – с 36,6 до 32,9-28,9 %. Высота растений люцерны варьировала от 35 до 48 см, чем выше норма высева семян, тем более высокий травостой формируется растениями люцерны. Высота растений костреца также зависела от нормы высева и внесения минеральных удобрений в дозе N45P60K90. Урожайность зеленой массы люцерны варьировала от 3,3-3,9 т/га при высеве 40 %, до 4,2-5,1 т/га при высеве 55 %, 5,2-6,3 т/га при высеве 70 % и 6,2-7,8 т/га при высеве 100 %. Внесение P60K90приводило к получению существенных прибавок урожайности люцерны по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, в то же время различия между вариантами с внесением P60K90 и N45P60K90 были несущественными. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Penza Agricultural Institute, a branch of the Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and develop technological methods for cultivating the variegated lucerne of Daria variety and smooth brome of Udalets variety for fodder purposes in mixed crops, based on the selection of seeding rates and the mineral nutrient status, ensuring maximum productivity of agrophytocenoses in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. Seeding was in Summer (June), coverless. Pure seeding rate: lucerne and brome 6 mln viable seeds per 1 ha, in mixed crops - according to the experimental design. The method of seeding is ordinary (placement of crops is inter-row). It was shown that an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100 % of both lucerne and brome promotes better seed germination. So, the germination rate of lucerne seeds when seeding 40 % of the total seeding rate was 45.3 %, when seeding 70 % - 50.9 %, when seeding 100 % of the seeding rate - 53.9 %. Germination rates of smooth brome, on average over three years ranged from 30.0 to 36.6 %. An analysis of the influence of the mineral nutrient status showed that the application of mineral fertilizers in years with a lack of precipitation had a negative impact on the seed germination rate of the studied crops. A study of the survival of plants depending on the seeding rate of the components showed that with an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100 %, the lucerne survival decreases from 62.8 % to 50.1 %, and the smooth brome survival decreases from 37.5 % to 22.3 %. Improving the mineral nutrient status also led to a decrease in plant survival: that of lucerne from 62.7 % in the control to 59.4-56.9 % when phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were applied, survival of smooth brome - from 36.6 to 32.9-28.9 %. The height of lucerne varied from 35 to 48 cm, the higher the seed seeding rate, the higher herbage is formed by lucerne. The height of brome also depended on the seeding rate and the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45P60K90. The yield of green mass of lucerne varied from 3.3-3.9 t/ha at 40 % seeding rate, to 4.2-5.1 t/ha at 55 % seeding rate, 5.2-6.3 t/ha at 70 % seeding rate and 6.2-7.8 t/ha at 100 % seeding rate. Addition of P60K90 resulted in significant increases in lucerne yields compared with the control variant, while the differences between the variants with addition of P60K90 and N45P60K90were not significant.

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