scholarly journals HSE in the Arctic: Forecasting of emergency situations at oil and gas facilities and emergency petroleum products’ spill response in Arctic climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Makhutov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr M. Bolshakov ◽  
Marina I. Zakharova ◽  
Yulia S. Glyazentsova ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
N. A. Makhutov ◽  
A. M. Bol’shakov ◽  
M. I. Zakharova

The probability of occurring emergency situations increases in conditions of severe climate of the Arctic. Therefore, addressing the problems related to the risk assessment of accidents at oil and gas facilities in the Arctic zones based on acceptable risk criteria is of particular importance. Uncontrollable development of emergency situations is followed by emission of a significant amount of oil products and constitutes serious ecological danger, and also can lead to considerable destructions and death of people resulted from fire and explosion. Therefore, the goal of the study is development of the methods for analysis and assessment of the risk of accidents in reservoirs and gas pipelines at low temperatures to increase the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities operating in conditions of the Arctic North. The results of brittle fracture analysis and accident risk assessment for reservoir and gas pipeline under arctic climatic conditions are presented. Statistical data processing of accidents allowed us to determine the rupture sources, develop a “fault tree” of brittle fracture of reservoirs, “event trees” of reservoir explosion and gas outflow from a gas pipeline, with allowance for the frequency of scenarios for quantitative risk assessment. Currently the probabilistic approach is considered one of the most promising. Accident statistics and experience of previous risk analyses can provide a useful contribution to the process of hazard identification. We focus on the scenario approach to the problems of hazard identification and assess the probability (frequency) of emergencies proceeding from the analysis and systematization of the statistical data on the accidents on reservoirs and gas pipelines at low ambient temperatures using the “event trees” and “fault trees” which provide determination of the most critical scenario and expected risk from accidents. Thus, risk assessment of accidents at hazardous production facilities in the Arctic zone using criteria of acceptable risk will allow estimation of hazards with unacceptable level of risk and development of recommendations and measures to reduce them.


Author(s):  
N.S. Pyatykh ◽  
◽  
A.V. Grechischev

The paper briefly presents a methodological approach to processing multi-zone satellite images of moderate spatial resolution. This approach allows detecting oil spill sites with sufficient reliability during rapid response and subsequent liquidation of the consequences of man-made emergencies at oil and gas facilities. The properties of modern, often used for monitoring territories, space remote sensing tools are analyzed in relation to the monitoring of man-made emergencies. The object of the study is the vicinity of the CHPP 3 of the Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company, where a major accident occurred on May 29, 2020 – a tank with diesel fuel was depressurized at the facility – and as a result of the spill, more than 20 tons of fuel fell into the waters of the Daldykan and Ambarnaya rivers. This is one of the largest leaks of petroleum products in the Arctic zone in history, posing a threat to the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Processing and subsequent analysis of satellite images of the territory of interest and surrounding objects were made during the research. According to satellite images, it became possible to assess the scale of the environmental disaster.


2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Anna Smirnova ◽  
Irina Zaychenko ◽  
Irina Bagaeva ◽  
Polina Gorshechnikova

The article substantiates the need to apply training and retraining programs for personnel for permanent work in the Arctic using digital technologies, namely VR / AR / MR technologies. The geopolitical features of the Arctic zone, difficult climatic conditions do not allow directly practicing the development of professional competencies and, therefore, require the introduction of a multi-stage system of personnel training using technologies of approximate reality. Such requirements for the personnel training system predetermine the need to search for relevant digital technologies that can create conditions that are as close as possible to the conditions of professional activity in hard-to-reach Arctic regions. When forming a personnel training / retraining system for oil and gas enterprises, in addition to the specified specific working conditions, it is also necessary to take into account the sectoral features of oil and gas enterprises, which also forms a number of functional requirements for the selection of relevant digital tools, the main of which for personnel training can be considered immersive technologies. Based on the above, the paper analyzes the use of immersive technologies by oil and gas enterprises, a comparative analysis of the directions of using immersive technologies in personnel training at oil and gas enterprises, identifies the positive and negative aspects of using VR / MR / AR technologies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Petrova ◽  
V.V. Portnyagina ◽  
V.V. Mukhin ◽  
E.N. Timofeeva ◽  
N.V. Matveeva ◽  
...  

Operation of elastomeric materials in the extreme climatic conditions of the North is a complex and expensive, since not always existing materials can provide the required level of low-temperature characteristics (down to-60 ° C). This leads to failure of machines and mechanisms, equipment downtime, additional costs for repair or replacement of rubber parts. The need for such materials is continuously growing due to the intensive development of the northern territories, the need to develop new mineral deposits and development of offshore hydrocarbon production. Propylene oxide rubber (Tg = -73 °С) and epichlorohydrin rubber Hydrin T6000 (Tg = -60 °С) have unique frost resistance, but there is a need to improve aggressive media resistance, wear resistance and relaxation properties (the ability to restore its shape after relieving the load). For the modification of rubbers, additives of both organic and inorganic nature were chosen: ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanodiamond-containing carbon charge obtained by detonation synthesis, shungite, natural zeolites and bentonite clays. The operating properties of rubber were studied in accordance with standard methods. The structure of the obtained materials was studied by means of DSC, XRD, electron and atomic force microscopy. All developed materials are recommended for use in various industries (oil and gas, road, rail) in the Arctic regions with extreme climatic conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 02045
Author(s):  
Dimitry Korolchenko ◽  
Younes Halloul

The issue of raising the level of safety of people, lands and property from potential threats in emergency situations in oil and gas storage and processing sites is particular concern to all levels of authority in countries, whether they are legal or executive authority. Study of the statistical data of incidents and fires at these equipment showed that the most negative effects for the damage to the company’s personnel, the population and the environment occurred during the quasi-instantaneous destruction of the vertical steel tank. The distinguishing features of such an accident are the complete loss of the integrity of the vertical oil tank hull and the release of all the liquid stored in the tank in the form of a powerful flow (breakout wave), which has a great destructive power, to the adjacent territory within a short term of time. The most important measures to reduce oil and petroleum products leakage in tank farms are reinforced earth dams and closed walls made of materials that are vulnerable to heat (important in the case of fire), Which led to many unsolvable cases. Recently, vertical steel tank with double walls of the “glass in a glass “type have been used in some oil tanks, in practice, they have not found wide application, which is due, first of all, it needs to allocate a significant territory for their arrangement, and its high cost.


Author(s):  
LOGINOV Vladimir Grigor’evich ◽  

The purpose of the study is to analyze the use of the rotation system in the development of oil and gas resources in the Arctic region using the example of its polar municipal regions. Relevance. The depletion of the main hydrocarbon reserves in the previously developed areas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug led to a shift in industrial development to new sparsely populated areas located beyond the Arctic Circle characterized by extreme natural conditions and with significant potential of natural resources that are attractive to investors. The absence of local labor resources in the regions of development and the low qualification level of local labor resources demanded that they be attracted from other regions using a rotation system. The research methodology consists in the generalization and analysis of information regarding the application of the rotation system in the studied areas. The main methods were statistical, retrospective analysis, comparison, groupings, averaging, and analogy. The information base of this study is data from regional and municipal statistics. Results. In the course of the study, the expediency of using a rotation system as the main method was confirmed, which has no alternative, the method of attracting labor force in the development of oil and gas resources in extreme polar regions. The need for shift personnel for the basic and infrastructure industries at various stages of the development of mineral deposits from the initial (pioneer) stage to their permanent operation has been identified. The characteristic of the natural-resource and socio-economic potential of the attractive Yamal region in terms of investment is given. The special place and its role in the economy of the region are noted, medium-term development prospects are considered. Conclusions. The rotation system of attracting workers to the development of oil and gas resources is generally recognized and used both in domestic and foreign practice. The increase in the share of rotational personnel in the total number of employed in the polar regions is due to their low population density, the lack of local skilled labor and the extreme nature of the natural environment, which prevents the adaptation of the newcomer population to climatic conditions and the creation of a permanent contingent of labor resources.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-506
Author(s):  
Jawahar Bhagwat ◽  

The aim of the article is to explore areas of cooperation between Russia and India with specific reference to the Arctic. The Russian Federation has sought strategic partners for the development of the Arctic, with it’s primary focus being the development of the oil and gas industry and the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Russia and India have had diplomatic relations in diverse spheres such as space, atomic energy, defense, and the petroleum industry. Russia’s focus on the Arctic ushers in many more opportunities for cooperation. India is one of the few countries to which Russia has accorded investment opportunities in the oil and gas and the diamond industry. As a result, India has made significant investments in Russia’s oil and gas industry. The article highlights that the energy deficit in India is critical, value of imports is rising and this consequently affects the development of the country. Oil production has been declining marginally and gas production is almost static. There is therefore a need to sign diverse long-term contracts for petroleum products like China has been doing with Russia. The article also suggests that there is a case for increased Indian investment in the Arctic in diverse spheres. The need for greater cooperation in scientific research, development of the NSR and possible utilisation of the enormous technically qualified human resources that India has in diverse areas of the Arctic is noted. The article based upon systemic and comparative analysis concludes that Russia-India cooperation in the Arctic is a strategic necessity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
Sergei A. PETROV ◽  
Natali L. MAMAEVA ◽  
Maksim V. NARUSHKO

The economic development of the Arctic and the related disturbances in the natural equilibrium of northern ecosystems have become a source of environmental problems that have now become global. In this regard, the urgent question is about finding an affordable and effective learning technology aimed at developing, humanistic, personality-oriented education. In order to discuss the technology of environmental education, as a means of ensuring environmental safety, environmental management and sustainable development of the Arctic, we proposed a questionnaire for obtaining primary environmental and health information, the key point in which is the relationship of ecology and health. Approbation of the problem-dialogue technology of learning allowed, on the basis of clarifying environmental opinions and assessments, value orientations, attitudes, dispositions and stimulating cognitive motivation on the substantive content, to achieve competences to ensure the environmental safety of northern ecosystems during the economic activities of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. This is especially important in the conditions of the Far North with difficult climatic conditions (geomagnetic background, sudden temperature changes, strong wind loads, the presence of permafrost, etc.) and the rapid development of the oil and gas complex (in particular, high accident rate associated with the complexity of technical devices, the use of extreme operating conditions, strong environmental influences, flammability and explosive hazards of mined products, human factor).


Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Ivanov ◽  
Farid A. Dali ◽  
Grigoriy K. Ivakhnyuk ◽  
Igor L. Skripnick ◽  
Marina A. Simonova ◽  
...  

Oil and gas enterprises are characterized by an increased fire risk. There is high probability of  occurrence and spread of large fires when oil production and processing, transportation and storage of oil products occurs. There is high probability of large fires during the oil production, oil processing and during the transportation and storage of petroleum products. New materials created using nanotechnology principles are needed to improve the efficiency of fire prevention and extinguishing systems. The technology for controlling the properties and performance characteristics of nanofluids based on liquid hydrocarbons and water is based on the methods of functionalization and interaction of clusters of the base liquid and multilayer carbon nanotubes, methods for stabilizing nanofluids, for changing the thermophysical, rheological and electrostatic properties of substances and materials on their basis. The proposed technology makes it possible to create nanomaterials based on various scenarios for the development of emergency situations and to apply them to reduce fire risk at oil and gas facilities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
O. P. Trubitsina ◽  
V. N. Bashkin

The article is devoted to the consideration of geopolitical challenges for the analysis of geoenvironmental risks (GERs) in the hydrocarbon development of the Arctic territory. Geopolitical risks (GPRs), like GERs, can be transformed into opposite external environment factors of oil and gas industry facilities in the form of additional opportunities or threats, which the authors identify in detail for each type of risk. This is necessary for further development of methodological base of expert methods for GER management in the context of the implementational proposed two-stage model of the GER analysis taking to account GPR for the improvement of effectiveness making decisions to ensure optimal operation of the facility oil and gas industry and minimize the impact on the environment in the geopolitical conditions of the Arctic.The authors declare no conflict of interest


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