scholarly journals NEW DIRECTIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF SILICON TECHNOLOGY OF SEMICONDUCTOR PURITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kritskaya ◽  
Leonid Schwartzman ◽  
Vladimir Dodonov ◽  
Anatoly Kravtsov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Cost

In the current economic conditions, a new approach to industrial methods of obtaining polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon of semiconductor purity is required. This is a reduction in the cost and increase in the productivity of processes while ensuring their environmental safety (optimization of the used raw materials, a closed production cycle, a decrease in energy consumption, special methods of processing and alloying single crystals to control their mechanical properties, thermal stability and radiation resistance).

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PUBLIC FOOD SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Bunyod Nosirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
The Cost

The article discusses the issues of the activity of the public catering system during the Soviet period, in particular, the policy and problems in this area affecting the issues of ensuring the material and technical base, as well as the need of the population itself in the field of public catering.During the years of Soviet rule, new directions in the public catering system were formed. A new approach was integrated in the management structure and in provision.A differentiated approach was introduced in the direction of public catering, i.e. reform in the issue of service, the cost of public catering. In other words, the cost price and service (in the public catering system) in large enterprises differed sharply from the prices in schools.

scholarly journals Economic-mathematical model of obtaining commodity products of the green construction department of the Krasnoyarsk city

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
N Haydenok ◽  
V Chumakov ◽  
N Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The article deals with the possibility of obtaining marketable products from plant raw materials obtained as a result of urban landscaping and gardening in Krasnoyarsk. The aim of this scientific research is to create an effective system of recycling environmentally friendly organic waste, and thus to reduce the negative impact on the environment and ensure environmental safety. The material of the research is organic waste from pruning of trees, bushes and lawn mowing, as well as means of production for their processing. A linear programming method was used in the work. Solving the posed optimization problem according to the chosen criteria and established systems of restrictions, we will receive either the maximum income, or the minimum costs, or the maximum productivity. It is realistic to formulate the optimization problem seasonally. Economic effect is achieved by reducing the cost of landfill disposal and obtaining a profit from the sale of commercial products made from green organic waste. The project is planned to be implemented on the basis of Krasnoyarsk municipal enterprise “Green Building Department”. The prospect of this research is to reduce the amount of waste by maximising recycling and incorporating it into the economy.

Where grains and fluids meet: the complex physics of wet granular matter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Herminghaus
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Granular Matter ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Granular Systems ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Granular Form

In this chapter, the physics of wet granular matter is discussed. The practical significance of wet granular matter goes of course well beyond the construction of sand sculptures. Most industrial raw materials are solids and come in granular form, and the processes into which they feed involve their being mixed with liquids and agglomerated, conveyed, kneaded, or cast in moulds. For appropriately engineering these processes, including the minimization of energy consumption, a deep understanding of the mechanical properties of this class of materials is indispensable. Furthermore, if we want to mitigate, or even reliably predict, such devastating events as land slides or mud flows, we need to study the dynamical behaviour of wet granular matter in detail. This applies as well to other, similar systems of relevance, such as ice and snow avalanches, which can be modelled as wet granular systems as well.

The Energy Involved in Producing Engineering Materials

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Shaping Process ◽  
End Products ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
The Cost

Energy is needed to convert minerals into the basic materials which are used in the engineering industry and then to form them into end products. It is in the conversion that most of the energy is normally consumed, and increases in the costs of energy influence the relative costs of these materials. The energy needed to form the materials into the various end products is normally small in comparison and, even from an energy conservation point of view, it is more important to employ forming methods which use the minimum amount of material than to choose methods which inherently use less energy. The ability to recycle with low energy consumption the material which is discarded during the forming or shaping process is important and improved recycling could have considerable impact upon the overall energy consumption. Whereas the overall energy consumption is important, it is the cost of the raw materials themselves and the total cost of the process to the finished product (offset by any return on waste products) which determines the relative cost of each of the various engineering materials. The united Kingdom energy situation and its effect on the relative positions of these materials is discussed.

Optimization of High-Octane Gasoline Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kirgina ◽  
Maxim Maylin ◽  
Emilia Ivanchina ◽  
Elizaveta Sviridova
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Gasoline Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Octane

The authors described a new approach to calculation of gasoline blending formulations taking into account the non-additivity of octane numbers and the composition of the raw materials with the use of the modeling system Compounding. Gasoline blending formulations developed for "Achinsk petroleum refinery" (Russia) meeting all environmental and technical standards. Applying the developed modeling system each refinery can choose necessary formulation of gasoline production taking into account composition and available flows. This will allow them to reduce the cost of gasoline and make the products more competitive.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Bita Moezzipour ◽  
Aida Moezzipour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.

scholarly journals Agriculture Cooperatives in Lithuania: development issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Юлюс Раманаускас ◽  
Julius Ramanauskas ◽  
Римантас Сташис ◽  
Rimantas Stays
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Representation Of Interests ◽  
Near Future

The evolution of cooperation in Lithuanian agriculture during the past century is analysed in the paper. It was found that cooperation has greatly depended on farming conditions, traditions of communication, state policy with respect to the development of agriculture and cooperation, and various economic conditions. Particularly significant are the specific features of development during transition of economic conditions: weak agricultural structures (farmer’s farms, agricultural companies); the domination of share capital in the processing industry and commerce, and the insufficiency of agricultural and foodstuffs markets. The basis of analysis in this paper are the theoretical preconditions for the principles of development of the activity of cooperatives. It was determined that most prospective preconditions for development of cooperation at present and in the near future emphasize the comparitive weight of the cost of production of raw materials, i.e. cooperatives of facilities, realisation, finance and representation of interests.

scholarly journals Influence of Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate on Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Xylan Composite Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-feng Chen ◽  
Jun-li Ren ◽  
Ling Meng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate

A series of composite films were prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and xylan as degradable raw materials under the addition of glycerol and ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC). The influences of AZC on the mechanical properties, water-resisting properties, thermal stability, solubility (S), and water vapor permeability of PVA/xylan composite films were comparatively discussed. The results showed that AZC had a positive impact on improving the water resistance and mechanical properties of composite films especially for elongation at break (EAB). With increasing the AZC amounts from 0% to 15%, EAB increased rapidly from 18.5% to 218.0%, and theSvalues decrease from 11.64% to 8.64%. When the AZC amount reached 15%, the tensile strength still performed well (22.10 MPa). The great compatibility of components in composite films was also observed. Moreover, the addition of AZC had great influences on the thermal stability of composite films and the degradation in soil.

Improving the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Fiber over Boron Modified High-Ortho Phenolic Resin

2020 ◽  
pp. 095400832097675
Author(s):  
Yu Ren ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Zhengjun Shi ◽  
Yunwu Zheng ◽  
Jianxiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
P Value

Boron-modified high-ortho phenolic resins (BPRs) were prepared under normal pressure by using phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials, zinc acetate, and oxalic acid as catalysts, and boric acid as a modifier. Boron-modified phenolic fibers (BPFs) were prepared by melt spinning and curing in a mixture of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, followed by a heat treatment under high temperature. The structure, ortho–para ratio (O/P), molecular weight and distribution, spinnability, thermal stability, fiber strength, and morphology of the resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fiber strength testing. The results showed that the addition of boric acid reduced the ortho reaction of the synthetic resin and the O/P value of phenolic resin. When the content of boric acid was 3 wt%, the thermal stability was the best, the O/P value was up to 3.26, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 18745 g/mol. In Compared with the unmodified resin, the mass loss was increased by 33.7%, and finally the carbon yield was 51.2%. The tensile strength of the fibers reached 187.2 MPa and the elongation at break was 10.5%. By introducing boron into the molecular chain, the structure of the resin was improved, and the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the fibers were improved.

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