scholarly journals Vacuna contra la tuberculosis BCG: Eficacia y efectos adversos / BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: Efficacy and adverse effects

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Steven Quezada Andrade ◽  
Sunny Sanchez Giler
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Research Population

Originada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Esto llevó a la creación de una vacuna que se presentó oficialmente en 1924 y que se conoce como Bacilo Calmette y Guerin (BCG), desde entonces se la ha utilizado. Sin embargo, ha habido numerosas investigaciones sobre su eficacia y otros factores relacionados que han mostrado desequilibrio. Varios países recomiendan el uso de esta vacuna en los recién nacidos, pero en el caso de Ecuador se ha dejado de recomendar su aplicación, a pesar de que no existan datos en relación a la eficacia de la vacuna en dicho país. Otros estudios demuestran que el conocimiento de las personas acerca de la enfermedad es muy pobre, permitiendo así que esta pueda propagarse con mayor facilidad, debido a que la persona infectada no conoce el tipo de sintomatología que la Tuberculosis genera. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de conocer el estado actual de la eficiencia y seguridad de la BCG mediante la revisión y análisis de artículos recopilados relacionados al uso de la vacuna y su eficacia en la población investigada. AbstractTB is the second leading cause of death from an infectious agent, disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It allowed the creation of a vaccine officially launched in 1924 and known as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) used since then. However, there has been extensive research on its effectiveness and other related factors have shown an imbalance. Several countries recommend the use of this vaccine in infants, but in the case of Ecuador has failed to suggest its application, although there are no data regarding the efficacy of the vaccine in that country. Other studies show that the knowledge of people about the disease is destitute, thus allowing this could spread more quickly because the infected person does not know the type of symptoms that generates Tuberculosis. This article aims to identify the current status of the efficiency and safety of BCG through review and analysis of collected items related to the use of the vaccine and its effectiveness in the research population.

scholarly journals Successful Handling of Disseminated BCG Disease in a Child with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Bacalhau ◽  
Cristina Freitas ◽  
Rosalina Valente ◽  
Deolinda Barata ◽  
Conceição Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Life Threatening

In high-burden countries,Mycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is administered in newborn to prevent severeMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. Because life-threatening disseminated BCG disease may occur in children with primary immunodeficiency, vaccination strategy against tuberculosis should be redefined in non-high-burden countries. We report the case of a patient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who developed disseminated BCG disease, highlighting the specific strategies adopted.

scholarly journals Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4 + T Cell Activation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Control

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibali Das ◽  
Nancy D. Marin ◽  
Ekaterina Esaulova ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Amanda Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Lung Epithelial

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to single infectious agent accounting 1.4 million deaths each year. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, is not effective due to variable efficacy.

Hybridization approach to drug discovery inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An overview.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Zampieri ◽  
Maria G. Mamolo
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Hybrid Ligands

: Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent mainly due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Recently, clinical prognoses have worsened due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensive-drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis which lead to the need of new, efficient and safely drugs. Among the several strategies, polypharmacology could be considered one of the best solutions, in particular the multi-target directed ligands strategy (MTDLs), based on the synthesis of hybrid ligands acting against two targets of the pathogen. The framework strategy comprises linking, fusing and merging approaches to develop new chemical entities. With these premises, this review aims to provide an overview of recent hybridization approach, in medicinal chemistry, of the most recent and promising multitargeting antimycobacterial candidates.

scholarly journals Systematic review protocol on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) revaccination and protection against tuberculosis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e027033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phetole Walter Mahasha ◽  
Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe ◽  
Edison Johannes Mavundza ◽  
Muki Shey ◽  
Charles Shey Wiysonge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Ethical Approval

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.TB) and other species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Globally, TB is ranked as the ninth leading cause of death and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been used globally since 1921 for the prevention of TB in humans, and was derived from an attenuated strain ofMycobacterium bovis. Evidence from previous randomised trials show that the efficacy of primary BCG vaccination against pulmonary TB ranged from no protection to very high protection. In addition, some studies suggest a benefit of BCG revaccination. For example, a recent trial conducted in South Africa showed that BCG revaccination of adolescents could reduce the risk of TB infection by half. However, we are not aware of any recent systematic reviews of the effects of BCG revaccination. Thus, the need for this systematic review of the effects of BCG revaccination on protection against TB infection and disease.Method and analysisWe will search PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists of relevant publications for potentially eligible studies. We will screen search outputs, select eligible studies, extract data and assess risk of bias in duplicate. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion and consensus or arbitration. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the certainty of the evidence. The planned systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in August 2018.Ethics and disseminationPublicly available data will be used, hence no formal ethical approval will be required for this review. The findings of the review will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018105916

Immunobiological Markers in Prophylaxis Post-exposure with Single Dose of Rifampicin and BCG Vaccine in Contacts of Multibacillary Leprosy Cases: Study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Massae Sato ◽  
Omar Ariel Espinosa Domínguez ◽  
Gutembergue Santos de Sousa ◽  
Fabiane Verônica da Silva ◽  
Roberta Olmo Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

BACKGROUND Leprosy contacts are sensitive indicator of the magnitude of severity, and a high risk for infection and disease, especially if the individuals are exposed to the bacillus with multibacillary cases, which reinforces the need for chemoprophylactic measures, such as the use single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with BCG vaccine. OBJECTIVE Our study will analyze the serological response of anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX and serum IFN-γ concentration as a prophylactic measure after the use of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) among multibacillary leprosy household contacts. METHODS Intervention study based on a prospective cohort of household contacts of new cases of multibacillary leprosy diagnosed and registered in the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN – Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) and residents in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Cáceres, Mato Grosso, in the years 2019 and 2020. Contacts with no signs and symptoms compatible with the disease of the intervention group will receive single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with BCG vaccine and will be compared to the control group. The follow-up of the cohort will last 12 months. The analyses of the anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX and serum concentration of IFN-γ tests as immunological markers before, 6 and 12 months after the intervention will be conducted in a reference laboratory (FIOCRUZ). RESULTS The study is still recruiting participants and is expected to be completed in September 2020. CONCLUSIONS Our study seeks to analyze the response of anti-NDO-LID, HO-1/HMOX tests and serum IFN-γ concentration as a prophylactic measure after the use of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) combined with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) in home contacts of multibacillary leprosy cases. CLINICALTRIAL Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-6yg2z9. Retrospectively registered on 3 de Out. de 2019.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine for preventing Buruli ulcer

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Phillips ◽  
H Ejere ◽  
C Preston ◽  
Asiamah ◽  
E
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin

scholarly journals Current status and related factors of turnover intention of primary medical staff in Anhui Province, China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guimei Chen ◽  
Lingzhi Sang ◽  
Jian Rong ◽  
Huosheng Yan ◽  
Hongzhang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Related Factors

Abstract Background The shortage of primary medical staff is an important issue in the management of health human resources, and it is also a problem that all countries in the world need to face together. Since 2009, China has implemented a new series of medical system reforms and the shortage and loss of primary medical staff have been alleviated accordingly. However, China has a large population and it is difficult to distribute health human resources evenly across regions. This study aimed to explore the current status of turnover intention and its relationship with psychological capital, social support, and job burnout, as well as how these factors influence turnover intention of primary medical staff in Anhui province, China. Methods Using structured questionnaires to collect data, including demographic characteristics, turnover intention, psychological capital, social support, and Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. A total of 1152 primary medical workers of Anhui were investigated. Data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression model. Results Total scores of turnover intention, psychological capital, social support, and job burnout of subjects were 14.15 ± 4.35, 100.09 ± 15.98, 64.93 ± 13.23 and 41.07 ± 9.437, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed the related factors of turnover intention were age, job position, work unit, and scores of job burnout. Pearson correlation showed psychological capital and social support were negatively correlated with turnover intention, while the score of job burnout was positively correlated with turnover intention. Conclusion The improvement of psychological capital and social support and the reduction of job burnout may play an important role in reducing turnover intention of primary medical staff. Primary medical managers should strengthen the humanistic care for primary medical staff, optimize the incentive mechanism, and improve internal management of medical institutions for stability.

scholarly journals Hormones in international meat production: biological, sociological and consumer issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Human Pathology

AbstractBeef and its products are an important source of nutrition in many human societies. Methods of production vary and include the use of hormonal compounds (‘hormones’) to increase growth and lean tissue with reduced fat deposition in cattle. The hormonal compounds are naturally occurring in animals or are synthetically produced xenobiotics and have oestrogenic (oestradiol-17β and its esters; zeranol), androgenic (testosterone and esters; trenbolone acetate) or progestogenic (progesterone; melengestrol acetate) activity. The use of hormones as production aids is permitted in North American countries but is no longer allowed in the European Union (EU), which also prohibits the importation of beef and its products derived from hormone-treated cattle. These actions have resulted in a trade dispute between the two trading blocs. The major concern for EU authorities is the possibility of adverse effects on human consumers of residues of hormones and metabolites. Methods used to assess possible adverse effects are typical of those used by international agencies to assess acceptability of chemicals in human food. These include analysis of quantities present in the context of known biological activity and digestive, absorptive, post-absorptive and excretory processes. Particular considerations include the low quantities of hormonal compounds consumed in meat products and their relationships to endogenous production particularly in prepubertal children, enterohepatic inactivation, cellular receptor- and non-receptor-mediated effects and potential for interference with growth, development and physiological function in consumers. There is particular concern about the role of oestradiol-17β as a carcinogen in certain tissues. Now subject to a ‘permanent’ EU ban, current evidence suggests that certain catechol metabolites may induce free-radical damage of DNA in cell and laboratory animal test systems. Classical oestrogen-receptor mediation is considered to stimulate proliferation in cells maintaining receptivity. Mathematical models describing quantitative relationships between consumption of small amounts of oestrogens in meat in addition to greater concentrations from endogenous production, chemical stoichiometry at cellular level and human pathology have not been developed. Such an approach will be necessary to establish ‘molecular materiality’ of the additional hormone intake as a component of relative risk assessment. The other hormones, although generally less well researched, are similarly subject to a range of tests to determine potentially adverse effects. The resulting limited international consensus relates to the application of the ‘precautionary principle’ and non-acceptance by the European Commission of the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which determined that meat from cattle, hormone-treated according to good practice, was safe for human consumers. The present review considers the hormone issue in the context of current international social methodology and regulation, recent advances in knowledge of biological activity of hormones and current status of science-based evaluation of food safety and risk for human consumers.

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