scholarly journals Pathological study of Braken Fern ( Pteridium aquilinium ) toxicity in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
S. O. Youkhana
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Bracken Fern ◽  
Acute Cystitis ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Renal Tubular

A pathological study of bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinium ) toxicity was conducted in rats. Twenty albino rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. The first three groups were received diet containing 10 %, 20 % and 30 % bracken fern powder respectively. The fourth group was served as control. The experimental rats were sacrificed after one month. Gross and histopathological examination reveal lesions in many organs . Gross lesions revealed congestion of all internal organs, while the histopathological lesions were characterized by spongiosis, perivascular cuffing and astrocytosis in the brain. Swollen hepatocytes accompanied by vacuolation and fatty degeneration in the liver. Suppurative pneumonia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lungs. In the intestine, the villi were fused with a proliferation of cryptal enterocytes. Interstitial nephritis associated by degenerative changes in the renal tubular epithelial cells. Acute cystitis with edematous lamina propria and neutrophilic infiltration were seen in the urinary bladder. These lesions were more sever in the group 3 incomparism with group 1 and 2 . No lesions were observed in the control group

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of acacia catechu-bark aqueous solution in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Sarah Khalid ◽  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Nadia Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation. 

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum®: a permethrincontaining wood preservative

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Iniobong A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum<sup>®</sup>, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum<sup>®</sup> at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum<sup>®</sup> decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum<sup>®</sup> while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum<sup>®</sup>. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum<sup>®</sup>.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Hemopexin and Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer in a Model of Sepsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passainte S. Hassaan ◽  
Radwa A. Mehanna ◽  
Abeer E. Dief
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Sepsis Induction

Background and Aims. Sepsis can evoke disseminated intravascular coagulation, resulting in multiple organ failure and death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hemopexin (HPx) can mediate cytoprotective mechanisms against these deleterious effects. This study aims to determine a role for HO-1 and HPx in coagulopathy induced by septic inflammation and define whether they can enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Materials and Methods. 48 healthy male albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups: control group: animals subjected to laparotomy and bowel manipulation; CLP group: severe sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP); CLP + hemin group: animals received single intraperitoneal injection of hemin (50 µmol/kg) 12 h before sepsis induction; CLP + HPx group: animals received single HPx dose (150 µg/rat, i.v.) 30 min before sepsis induction. Survival rates were calculated. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and activated protein C (APC), liver HO-1, serum, and liver IL-10 levels were measured, 48 hrs after sepsis induction. Liver and lung were excised for histopathological examination. Results. Hemin and HPx administration upregulated liver HO-1 and IL-10. They prolonged PT, PTT and increased APC. They reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and thrombosis in liver and lung parenchyma. However, hemin was superior in controlling coagulopathy and HO-1 production, while HPx was more potent stimulant of IL-10 expression. Conclusions. Hemin and HPx have a potential beneficial effect in severe sepsis regarding coagulopathy and inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of Sofosbuvir Administration and Its Withdrawal on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Ultra-Structural Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 4101-4109
Author(s):  
Asmaa Mahmoud Abdeen ◽  
Tarik Essawy ◽  
Saher Sayed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Histological Results

BACKGROUND: Sofosbuvir (SOF) was published in 2013 as a part of first-line treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV); it has activity against all genotypes with extrahepatic adverse effects have recently arisen. AIM: Investigating sofosbuvir-induced alterations in the rat submandibular salivary gland (SMSG). METHODS: A group of 80 adult albino rats weighing about ± 150 gm were used in the experiment. The rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I (control group) received distilled water, Group II (experimental group) divided into 2 subgroups and received SOF 40 mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water for 1 and 3 months and Group III (recovery group) allowed for 1 month of recovery after SOF withdrawal. All animals were sacrificed; the SMSG was dissected, and specimens were examined histologically and ultra-structurally. RESULTS: Compared to Group I, Group II subgroup (1) showed acinar and ductal vacuolisation, discontinuity of the epithelial lining associated with retained secretion and congested blood vessels. These changes were found to be exaggerated in the subgroup (2) accompanied by acinar and ductal shrinkage, interstitial oedema, haemorrhage, chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and loss of gland compactness. Amelioration of the histological changes was detected in Group III after SOF withdrawal. The ultrastructural examination confirmed the histological results. CONCLUSION: SOF had induced apparent alterations in the structure and ultrastructure of SMSG. The SOF-induced alterations were time-dependent, attributed mainly to mitochondrial toxicity and partially ameliorated by its withdrawal.  

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Combretum collinum Methanol Root Extract in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
S. W. Hassan ◽  
A. N. Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽  
U. D. Nuhu ◽  
R. D. Jabaka
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Combretum collinum root extract has been recognized long ago as traditional medicinal plant in curing several diseases among the indigenous people of Alela-land (Zuru), Kebbi State, Nigeria. This research work was carried out to evaluate the toxicological effects of Combretum collinum methanol root extract (CCME) in albino rats. Acute toxicity was performed by a fixed single oral administration at a dose of 10, 100, 1000 mg/Kg and 1600, 2900, 5000 mg/Kg. Subchronic toxicity studies of CCME was conducted at doses of 32, 63, 126 and 253 mg/Kg for 28 days. The result showed that acute administration of CCME resulted at mortality and general behavioral changes at 1000 to 5000 mg/Kg. Therefore, the estimated lethal dose (LD50) of CCME was 316.23 mg/Kg. Subchronic oral administration of CCME revealed a significant (P<0.01) decrease in body weight in rats receiving 63 to 253 mg/Kg throughout the study period compared with the control group. The results also showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in serum ALT, AST, creatinine, potassium and bicarbonate in rats administered with 126 and 253 mg/Kg of the extract. Haematological analysis of the same extract revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in WBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, LYM and NEUT in rats receiving 126 and 253 mg/Kg only. Histopathological examination of liver revealed severe periportal inflammation, hypertrophy, areas of hydropic changes, cancerous tumor, areas of infiltration and necrosis of the hepatic cells while the kidney showed a mild mesengial hyperplasia, compressed blood vessels, glomerular degeneration, tubular degeneration and tubular widened lumen in rats treated with 63 to 253 mg/Kg. Therefore, caution should be applied as C. collinum root extract has a low mean lethal dose and would be toxic at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) in Treating Obesity in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal A. A. Elghazaly ◽  
Eman H. Radwan ◽  
Hala H. Zaatout ◽  
Mohamed M. Elghazaly ◽  
Nour El din Allam
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Obesity is associated with a number of serious medical complications, which are often referred to as the “insulin resistance syndrome”. The aim of the present study was performed to investigate the possible interaction between a conventional drug used for management of cholesterol and traditional herbal remedies on the obesity. This was carried through out: through estimation of blood test; Estimation of serum tests; Determination of oxidative stress biomarkers and the antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver were assayed; Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney of adult male albino rats were done. In the present study, the serum levels of the total protein and albumin in the obesity group (7.1± 0.2) and (4.78 ± 0.19); respectively were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more than those of the control group (6.5±0.1) and (3.95± 0.1).The administration of (fennel group) revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum levels of the albumin and total protein (4.38± 0.1) and (6.65± 0.2); respectively as compared to the obesity group (4.78 ± 0.19) and (7.1± 0.2(. The total cholesterol of the group(5) (fennel and ator) after two weeks from a high fat diet than treatment with fennel and Ator through six weeks equal 142.86±5.9, 100.4±8.68, 93.29±5.99, 87.1±11.28, 80.4±21.55, 78.1±6.7 and 77.1±6.87; respectively. The present study showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP in the obesity group which recorded as (60.5±11.45), (57.25±6.3) and (845.0±49.47); respectively as compared to the control group (28.25±1.7), (38.5±3.87) and (537.0±41.5); respectively. The fennel group caused significant decrease in the activities of these enzymes (41.0± 2.9), (42.25+3.2) and (717.75+48.6); respectively compared to the obesity group. Ator group showed a significant decrease in the activities of these enzymes (40.0±2.16), (42.5±3.1) and (679.25±41.16); respectively compared as obesity group. The activity of AlT, AST and ALP in the fennel and ator group (32.75±2.5), (40.5±2.38) and (601.25±17.5); respectively were near to the control group.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN AMELIORATION OF TESTICULAR AND RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar S Ibrahim ◽  
Alshaimaa M Said
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative ameliorating efficacy of lycopene against the deleterious effects of boldenone, an androgenic steroid, on the rat testis and kidney.  Materials and Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group received intramuscular (i.m) injection of olive oil once a week; lycopene (Lc) group received lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily); boldenone (Bol) group received (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week); Bol + Lc group received boldenone (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week) and lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily) all for four weeks. Results: intramuscular injection of boldenone significantly induced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as well as inhibited total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity in testis and kidney tissue. Additionally, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression after Bol injection along with marked increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and decrease in serum testosterone. These alterations were confirmed by the histopathological examination of testis and kidney. On the other hand, lycopene oral administration attenuated the testicular and renal injuries induced by boldenone injection. Conclusion: administration of antioxidants as lycopene effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of boldenone on testis and kidney tissues. Key words: Boldenone undecylenate, lycopene, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis.

scholarly journals Teratogenic effects of Metoprolol in the chick embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Abbas Razzaq Abed
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

     This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Metoprolol on chicken embryos during the period of cuddling automated .This study was completed in Babylon hatchery dedicated to the production of chick chickens, which is located in the province of Babylon. One hundred eggs (Belgian origin, CZ 1924) were divided into equal four groups. The first group injected eggs by Metaprolol at dose 10 mg /70kg BW, and the second group eggs was injected by Metoprolol at dose 15 mg /70kg BW, while eggs in the third group was injected by physiological normal saline only and the fourth group did not inject their eggs any material and considered the control group and all the eggs used in this experiment to take on the fourth day of cuddling. The results of this study showed a decrease in the percentage hatching in groups injected with Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups, 4% and 13%, respectively) compared to the T3 and the control groups. Also showed the results of the current study, no significant difference at the level of (P <0.05) in the weights of embryos after hatching. While histopathological examination showed the presence of pathological lesions in the heart tissue in injected eggs groups by Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups) and included these changes infiltration of inflammatory cells, thickening in epicardium and the presence of vacuolation in heart tissue with the appearance of edema, heart tissue damage, congestion in the blood vessels and the occurrence of hemorrhage.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EPIDEDE/lY'I‘IS IN GOATS IN BAGHDAD CITY

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Amir S.R. Al-Obaidil ◽  
Mohammed J. Alwan ◽  
Bushrah ‘ I. Al-Khaisi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Fetus ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Acute Epididymitis ◽  
Actinomyces Pyogenes

Testes from 700 male goats aged l - 3 years , slaughtered at Baghdad abatteir, were examined during 6 months period. Histological and bacteriological examinations were done when gross lesions were observed. The results revealed that epidedimytis was observed in 21 (3%) of the examined animals ; 16 (2.3%) cases were unilaterally affected and S (0.7%) cases were bilaterally affected. Bacteriological isolations from infected organs included : Corynebacterium ovis (6 isolates) and Actinomyces pyogenes (3 isolates) both constituted the majonty of isolates ; as well as E. coli (4 iso-lates), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cory. bovis., Staph. aureus, Cory , ulcerams &. Yersinia pseuclotuberculosis ( 2 isolates of each ) and Campylobacter fetus (1 isolate). Histopathological examination showed 6 pathological patterns of epididmytis including acute epididymitis (14.2% of infected cases ) , subacute nomsuppurative epididymilis (9.5% od cases ) , chronic suppurative epididymitisd (28.5% of cases ), chronic non—suppurative epididymitis (19% of cases) and spermatic granuloma (14.2% of cases ).

scholarly journals Efficacy of adjuvant intrastromal and combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced moderate fungal keratitis in rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-9
Author(s):  
Dyah Tjintya Sarika ◽  
Melva Louisa ◽  
Anna Rozaliyani ◽  
Evelina ◽  
Made Susiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Epithelial Defect ◽  
Treatment Groups

BACKGROUND There is no in vivo evidence for the effectiveness of adjuvant intrastromal and combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole (VCZ) for treating Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of both agents against it.  METHODS A randomized, masked, controlled experimental study was conducted on 11 albino New Zealand white rabbits in which moderate fungal keratitis was induced by inoculating spores of A. fumigatus to the cornea. The rabbits were allocated into 3 groups: 50 μg/0.1 ml intrastromal VCZ injection, 50 μg/0.1 ml intrastromal VCZ and intracameral VCZ injections, and topical VCZ (control). The treatment was given 5 days after inoculation. Epithelial defect, infiltrate size, corneal ulcer depth, and hypopyon were evaluated clinically. Histopathological and mycological examinations were also done 14 days after treatment.  RESULTS All rabbits in the adjuvant treatment groups demonstrated a tendency of a better clinical response with decreasing size of epithelial defect (p = 0.679) and infiltrate (p = 0.755) than in the control group. Direct microscopy, corneal culture, and chop corneal tissue culture were still positive in most of the rabbits from all groups. Histopathological examination showed an increase of inflammatory cells after treatment in all groups, especially in rabbits which were inoculated with A. fumigatus spores in both eyes.  CONCLUSIONS An adjuvant combination of intrastromal and intracameral VCZ showed a tendency of better clinical response for A. fumigatus-induced moderate fungal keratitis in rabbits. 

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