scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG DALAM PEMBUATAN PELET RANSUM UNGGAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindu Akhadiarto
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Peels

Cassava peels is one of agriculture waste having potency as feed for poultry. Cassava peels represent waste product from cassava industry with amount 1,998 million ton in the year 2006 in Indonesia (10 percentage of corm of yielded cassava). The weakness of cassava peels are low crude protein content, less palatable for ruminant and have voluminous characteristic. One of the effort to increase usefulness of cassava peels is by using cassava peels as fibre source in pellet complete ration for poultry. The aim of this research was to know best level from utilization of cassava peels as physic quality in poultry complete ration. This study used Completely Randomized Design that consistsof three treatments and three replications. The treatments were: 1). Control feeds + 0% cassava peels (R1), 2). Control feeds + 30% dry matter cassava peels (R2), 3). Control feeds + 30% boiling matter cassava peels (R3). Data was analysed with ANOVA and continued with Duncan Test. The result indicated that effect of water content pellet ration with moisture tool is higher than using infrared tool. Pellet rations with dry matter and boiling matter control treatment before saving have physic qualities that still meet the quality standar of poultry ration. Eventhough, on treatment after saving, the physic qualities decrease and relatively less meet the quality standar of poultry rationKey word: waste, cassava peels, poultry ration, pellet complete.

scholarly journals Crude protein content in Urochloa cultivars (Syn. Brachiaria) in exclusive pasture system or consorciated with Macrotyloma axillare cv. Guatá

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Rossi Simões ◽  
Käthery Brennecke ◽  
Liandra Maria Abaker Bertipaglia ◽  
Luciana Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Season Interaction

The objective of this study was to evaluate the crude protein content of Urochloa spp.cultivars (U. brizantha cv Marandu and U. decunbens cv. Basilisk), within a consortium systemwith Macrotyloma axillare cv Guatá. The experimental design was a completely randomized design,with four replications, in a factorial scheme (2 x 2), at which two types of grass (U. decumbensand U. brizantha) and two pasture types were studied (intercropped or exclusively fertilized with 60kg of nitrogen/ha) with repeated measures in time (samplings at two seasons of the year: February(summer) and August (winter)). Subsequently, samples were collected from a 2 m long PVC bar atfour points in each picket, and the forage cut close to the ground, with costal mowing coupled with0.5 m length hedge trimmer, each sample of 0.5 x 2.0 m, totalizing 1m2. The sampled material wasidentified, weighed and sent for analysis of crude protein to assess the contribution of leguminousin grass protein content. No significant differences were found when the type of grass versus type ofpasture interaction for the crude protein variable was met; however, significant differences were foundwhen evaluating the type of grass versus season interaction, at which the highest levels were foundwithin the month of February (summer), the same occurring for the interaction type of pasture versusseason of the year. It was concluded there were increases in crude protein content for U. decumbenscv. Basilisk and U. brizantha cv. Marandu when in consortium with M. axillare cv. Guatá in thesummer season.Keywords: Biological nitrogen. Forage. Forage quality. Leguminous.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN PROTEIN PADA TAPE TALAS (Colocasia esculenta) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI SMA KELAS XII PADA MATERI BIOTEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN BAHAN PANGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Baskara Prasetyajati Agus Sujarwanta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: The purpose of this study was 1 ) to determine whether or not the effect of fermentation time variation of the protein produced on tape taro. 2 ) to determine variations in fermentation hours to obtain the highest protein content of the tape taro. The study design used was completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Parameters measured were crude protein content and organoleptic tape taro. The results showed that the fermentation time affect the protein content of the resulting tape taro, the highest protein content in treatment C (fermented 60 hours ) resulted in as much as 3.888 % protein. Based on the test results BNJ all treatments were significantly different with the exception of treatment B and D. Benefits in the manufacture of tape taro research are: the lecturer can be used as teaching materials practicum taro tape processing methods on the biology subject matter in the form of LKPS biotechnology, and science can contribute to the reader about alternative ways of processing of taro as a traditional food.

scholarly journals Quantitative feed restriction from 35 to 42 days of age for broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Bortoluzzi ◽  
Jovanir Inês Müller Fernandes ◽  
Jean Paulo Contini ◽  
Tiago Jacob Gurski ◽  
Aline Fernanda Gonçalves Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of feed restriction in broilers aged from 35 to 42 days, on the performance, carcass parameters and intensity of lesions at slaughter. A total of 1,225 one-day old chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were grown over a 34-days period (five weeks). At 34 days of age all birds were weighed and redistributed into a completely randomized design to perform the following treatments: control (0% feed restriction), 10, 20, 30 or 40% feed restriction. The amount of feed given to animals was adjusted daily according to the previous day's intake of the control treatment. At 42 days, birds were weighed and two birds per pen were slaughtered, one to evaluate carcass yield and cuts and the other for body composition analysis. Weight gain and feed intake were decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, while the feed:gain ratio showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The hot eviscerated carcass weight decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, without effects on the carcass, breast and thigh yield. The dry matter and fat of the carcass decreased and the crude protein increased (p<0.05), according to levels of restriction. We conclude that feed restriction of 2.5% in the last week of life can improve the feed efficiency of poultry, when there is a higher accumulation of fat in the carcass.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Çukurova İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Silaj Kalite Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yasin Korkmaz ◽  
Tugay Ayasan ◽  
Sait Aykanat ◽  
Mustafa Avcı
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

The research was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute-Hacı Ali location with 4 replications according to the randomized block trial design in 2013-2014. 13 public and 1 private sector maize variety were used as material in the trials. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the maize varieties examined showed statistically significant differences in plant properties, dry grass and silage quality. Average plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem diameter, number of cob, stem ratio, cob ratio and green grass yield were 249.9 cm, 12.97 plant/piece, 19.24%, 22.08 mm, 0.93 plant/unit, 38.40% and 4,251.57 kg/da respectively. According to the analysis, it was observed that the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, crude ash content, digestible dry matter ratio, crude protein yield, dry matter rate, dry matter yield and hay yield were 8.80%, 34.91%, 59.7%, 7.2%, 61.7%, 993.9 kg/ha, 29.4%, 11,640 kg/ha 12,570 kg/ha in dry grass, respectively. For the silage of varieties, the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, pH, digestible dry matter rate, dry matter ratio, crude protein yield and Fleig score were 8.22%, 29.27%, 50.48%, 3.57, 66.1%, 28.14%, 926 kg/ha and 118.35, respectively. Burak, Sasa 1 and Ada 334 genotypes performed better in terms of green yield per hectare (53,650, 50,290 and 45,630 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (14,710, 12,810 and 12,410 kg/ha). These varieties can be recommended to producers as silage maize varieties under second crop conditions in Çukurova region of Turkey.

Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
RT Cowan ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

Physiology and bromatology of Oryctolagus cunicullus L. 1758 fed browse legume with enzyme levels

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A.M. Ogungbesan ◽  
O.E. Fasina ◽  
E.O. Alagbe ◽  
O.O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding rabbits with Maxigrain® (M) enzyme supplemented Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) on their physiology, performance characteristics, and nutrients digestibility. Twenty weaned rabbits of mixed sexes, 5-6 weeks old, were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments including 0 g M which was soybean without M (control) and GLM supplemented with M at 50, 100, 150 and 200 g M per kilogramme of GLM. There were four rabbits per treatment and one rabbit as replicate in a completely randomized design. There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects in all physiological and performance indices as well as those of crude fat, fibre and NFE digestibilities. There were variations (p < 0.05) due to the treatment effects on dry matter, crude protein and ash digestiblities. This implies that the feeding of soft faeces directly from the caecum called coprophagy mechanism in rabbits has its concomitant nutritional benefits. This advantageous benefit can enable rabbit to effectively and efficiently utilize forage or forage-based diet with or without enzyme supplementation.

scholarly journals Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Higor Fábio Carvalho Bezerra ◽  
Poliane Meire Dias de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Profile Losses ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study aimed to assess the fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition of the silages of five sorghum cultivars. A completely randomized design with five replicates was used. The experimental treatments were represented by five sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra' , 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800' and 'BRS 810'. There was variation (P<0.05) for the pH in the cultivars studied, with highest result of pH by 'BRS 610'. The average percentages of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, differed (P<0.05) among the cultivars, ranging from 32.9 to 59.5, 19.8 to 39.8, and 0.0 to 1.3g kg-1, respectively. The dry matter recovery varied among cultivars (P<0.05), allowing the identification of BRS Ponta Negra, and 'BRS 810' silages, as those which recovered the lowest dry matter, with values of 757.1 and 776.1g kg-1, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates contents among the cultivars. It was concluded that, despite the morphological and chemical differences among cultivars, the resulting silages had good fermentation profile.

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