scholarly journals Turkey's Involvement in the Syrian Conflict from a Defense Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulham ◽  
Hendra Maujana Saragih ◽  
Suyono Thamrin ◽  
Tatar Bonar Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
New Science ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Defense Theory

This article will discuss Turkey's interests in resolving the Syrian conflict from the perspective of defense management. The Syrian conflict that demanded the resignation of President Bashar al-Assad made all countries in the world want to participate in conflict resolution. Turkey is no exception. Turkey is one of Syria’s close neighbors and is interested in it. National defense and economic interests are the main factors of Turkey in the Syrian conflict. The deployment of strategic depth of foreign policy has become the benchmark for conflict resolution. National defense management is a new science for realizing national interests, and its strategic environment must be reviewed. Therefore, as one of the important actors in the Middle East, Turkey has the aforementioned policies in realizing its national interests. This article uses qualitative methods in the conclusion. This article uses assumptions from realism to constructivism, national interest theory of national defense theory and national defense management theory. The conclusion of this article is that defense management (Assad's call for resignation) is based on preventing Syrian refugees from going to Turkey. A large number of refugees from Syria may undermine Turkey's security and stability. The aim is to maintain Turkey’s social and economic stability, which may be shaken by the existence of these refugee groups. Achieving this goal by providing support and weapon assistance to the Syrian rebels is considered a form of preventing the spread of the Syrian conflict. In addition, Turkey also hopes to join NATO

ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AT THE REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Hmyria ◽  
Volodymyr Kucherenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this article is to study theoretical approaches to definition of economic essence and directions of economic security formation of agricultural enterprises at the region. Analysis of the theoretical aspects of the research object showed that currently there are different approaches to the economic security interpretation. It is considered as a process of meeting public needs, protection of the state national interests, the economic stability, the state of the national economy, in which the country provides its own sovereignty, a state of protection against a certain type of threats. Certain realities of a market economy require fundamentally new approaches to the formation and increase of efficiency of agrarian enterprises functioning, and thus ensure their economic security. In the context of the latest scientific dimensions, it has been found out that the economic security of agricultural enterprises is a complex of sophisticated branched processes, methods, tools, levers of influence on activity for the purpose of increasing the economic activity efficiency of entities. In this regard, there are many different opinions regarding the components of enterprises economic security. It is proved that the economic security of enterprises is characterized by certain features in the regional context of their formation and application to agricultural production. The proposed model Forsythe technology modernization of a regional mechanism of economic security at agricultural enterprises will allow to determine more efficiently the volume of investments, tax burden on the industry and crediting enterprises, depreciation deductions etc., which will effectively affect the activity of the enterprise, and hence ensure its basic – economic security. Keywords: economic security, agricultural enterprises, natural conditions, fixed assets, information security, financial security.

scholarly journals CONFLICT RESOLUTION EDUCATION IN MEDINA CONSTITUTION: Contextual Exegesis of Medina Constitution

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Mawi Khusni Albar
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Conflict Resolution Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
Text Context

Abstract: Conflict is an integral part and has a wide variety of types in all aspects of people's lives. This is the responsibility of education because of the potential it possesses to prevent conflicts. Therefore the education of conflict resolution is a suitable idea to resolve conflict issues. The Medina constitution is a monumental work in the history of human life that becomes the spirit of how to create a harmonious life amid diversity. The interpretational method of Medina Constitution is legal hermeneutics which has three meaning areas such as text, context, and contextualization of text meaning to the context. The underlying theory in this research is the theory of conflict resolution education which has three areas to handle conflicts, such as social contradiction changes with structural approaches, improvement of relationship behavior and social interaction, and encouragement of attitude change. The Medina Constitution has fundamental values in social life, namely: togetherness, unity, freedom, religious tolerance, mutual help, justice, equality of rights and obligations, social honor, national defense and peace, piety, amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, and leadership. The contextualization of principles in the Medina charter on conflict resolution education can be discovered relevantly in the following three aspects; structural, behavioral improvement, and attitudinal changes in social relations.الملخص: الصراع هو جزء لا يتجزأ من حياة الإنسان ويتخذ أشكالا مختلفة وهو يحدث في جميع جوانب حياة الناس. هذه هي مسؤولية للتربية ، لأن للتربية القدرة على منع النزاعات ، لذا فإن التثقيف في مجال حل النزاعات هو الفكرة الصحيحة لمعالجة مشكلة الصراع هذه. أما بالنسبة للروح المأخوذة من ميثاق المدينة التي  هي عملاً ضاخما في تاريخ الحياة البشرية حول كيفية خلق حياة متناغمة في تنوع الاجتماعية . إن طريقة تفسير ميثاق المدينة هي التأويل القانوني الذي له ثلاثة جوانب من المعنى ، أي النص ، السياق ، و سياق معنى النص. النظرية الأساس لتطوير هذا البحث هي نظرية تربية حل النزاعات التي لها ثلاثة مجالات للتعامل مع الصراع ، وهي: التغيرات في التناقضات الاجتماعية مع المقاربات الهيكلية ، تحسين سلوك العلاقة والتفاعل الاجتماعي ، وتشجيع التغييرات في المواقف. يمتلك ميثاق المدينة مبادئ في الحياة الاجتماعية ، وهي: التعاون والوحدة والحرية والتسامح الديني ومساعدة الضعفاء والعدالة والمساواة في الحقوق والواجبات والاحترام الاجتماعي والدفاع عن الدولة والسلام والتقوى والامر بالمأروف ونهي عن المنكر  والقيادة. أما فيما يتعلق بوضع المبادئ في ميثاق المدينة في مجال حل النزاعات ، فيمكن إيجازها في ثلاثة جوانب ، هي: المنهج الهيكلي ، السلوكي ، والتغيرات في المواقف في العلاقات الاجتماعية.Abstrak: Konflik merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan manusia dan mengambil bentuk yang beraneka rupa dan hampir menyeluruh di segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Hal ini merupakan tanggung jawab pendidikan, karena pendidikan memiliki potensi untuk mencegah terjadinya konflik, maka pendidikan resolusi konflik merupakan gagasan yang tepat untuk menyikapi persoalan konflik ini. Adapun ruhnya diambil dari Kosntitusi Madinah yang merupakan karya monumental dalam sejarah kehidupan manusia tentang bagaimana menciptakan kehidupan yang harmonis di tengah keberagaman. Metode penafsiran Konstitusi Madinah adalah legal hermeneutika yang memiliki tiga wilayah pemaknaan, yaitu teks, konteks, dan kontekstualisasi dari makna teks terhadap konteks. Teori yang menjadi dasar pengembangan penelitian ini adalah teori pendidikan resolusi konflik yang mempunyai tiga wilayah penanganan konflik, yaitu perubahan kontradiksi sosial dengan pendekatan struktur, memperbaiki perilaku hubungan dan interaksi sosial, dan mendorong perubahan sikap. Konstitusi Madinah memiliki nilai-nilai mendasar dalam kehidupan sosial, yaitu kebersamaan, persatuan, kebebasan, toleransi beragama, tolong menolong dan membantu yang lemah, keadilan, persamaan hak dan kewajiban, hormoni sosial, bela negara dan perdamaian, kesalehan, amar ma’ruf nahi munkar, dan kepemimpinan. Adapun kontekstualisasi prinsip-prinsip dalam piagam Madinah dalam pendidikan resolusi konflik dapat ditemukan relevansinya dalam tiga aspek, yaitu struktural, perbaikan perilaku, dan perubahan sikap dalam hubungan sosial.

scholarly journals Great Britain in the Commonwealth of Nations

2014 ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
N. A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Free Association ◽  
British History ◽  
Human Form ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Almost All

The article is devoted to an analysis of the role of the Commonwealth of Nations in British history and politics. Having emerged at the end of the XIX c. as an informal association of Britain and dominions within the British Empire it has developed into an independent institute that includes almost all former British territories. Even though nowadays the Commonwealth is a free association of countries and manifests democratic values, this distinctive representation of imperialists stood at its origins, and at times the term itself signified the empire, though in a more progressive, democratic and human form. The author argues that for many decades the main reason for this evolution was British politicians'desire to deter regions from breaking away from within the British sphere of influence. Indeed, the Commonwealth countries belonged to one of the three most important and traditional circles of British political and economic interests, as formulated by W. Churchill, while its importance has been constantly emphasized in numerous election manifestos and government statements. However, with the weakening of Britain and growing independence within the organization, as well as because of contradictions between British national interests and the Commonwealth's founding ideals and principles, Britain has become less and less capable of impacting the organization, and its significance has declined, while some British leaders have even openly sabotaged it. Nevertheless, voices that appeal to reanimate the institution, as well as Britain's role in it, are still heard in the British political arena.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF THE ENERGY SECTOR ENVIRONMENTALIZATION MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4(77)) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
O. L. HETMAN
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Management Process ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Diagnostics

Topicality. The issue of the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector becomes increasingly topical due to the necessity to define the achievement or vice versa - leveling the management goal which is the reorientation of the energy sector in conformity to the new environmentally oriented goals conditioned by the internal environmental issues, international demands and national interests of the country. Environmentalization of the energy sector became very topical both from the point of view of the national interests in connection with the existing challenges in front of the country, environmental condition, vectors of the ecological strategic development and socio-economic interests. The man-caused load on the environment results in different types of the social, ecological, economic damage, reduction of the enterprises’ efficiency and potential of their competitiveness under the conditions of the world environmentally oriented challenges. Environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector is the possibility to see the condition of the environmental transformation process and improvement of the energy sector which will show the results of adopted management steps or determine their weaknesses for further adaptation of the management process to the existing challenges and searching for the methods of satisfaction of the social, ecological, economic interests of the country which defined the topicality of this research. Aim and tasks. The article is aimed at grounding the methodological approach to the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector. Research results. Methodological approach to the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector is based on the concept of the management process formalization, mainly, on the accentuation of the tough interaction of the management subjects involved in the achievement of the goal of the national interests satisfaction with regard to the environmentalization of the energy sector, management objects adapted to the management decisions passed and the related institutional ground necessary to achieve the management goals. Conclusion. The environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector shall reflect the interaction between the separate parts of the management process: Coherence of economic and environmental politics concerning the environmentalization of the energy sector with management of the processes of technical and technological insurance, coherence of the social, ecological, economic processes and coherence of the activity of management subjects of the lower level with the management goals of the higher. Such unified interaction shall result in the synergistic effect of national interests achievement in the environmentalization of the energy sector at different management levels: local, regional, national

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURING OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND DOCTRINE OF STATE DEFENSE IN FACING HYBRID WARFARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Novky Asmoro ◽  
Andi Sutomo ◽  
Teguh Haryono ◽  
Rizki Putri
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
White Paper ◽  
National Defense ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Unconventional Warfare ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Military Campaign

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Defense Doctrine and Strategy are designed to be able to synergize the performance of military and non-military components to protect and maintain Indonesia's national interests. The current doctrine of the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) Military Campaign is still dominant in dealing with military threats, even though based on the 2018 Indonesian Defense White Paper, the TNI must also be able to deal with hybrid threats. With its adaptive nature to changing threats, problems will arise if the military campaign doctrine has not accommodated the TNI's strategy and way of acting in dealing with hybrid threats. The defense doctrine must be able to accommodate the integration of military and non-military components is facing various types of warfare and threats such as military threats, non-military threats, and hybrid threats. Especially for the kind of hybrid threats namely cyber threats, terrorism, and other unconventional threats. Through an analytical descriptive analysis based on qualitative methods, it is hoped that the proper organization and doctrine will be disentangled in the face of this model war. Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) as the war organizations that prioritize a modern universal perspective are a necessity as one of the efforts offered. This needs to be supported by the doctrine of national defense which accurately defines how an effort against hybrid warfare can transform from conventional to unconventional warfare and the actors involved.  Military or TNI organizations that prioritize a modern universal perspective are supported by the doctrine of national defense which accurately maps how an effort against hybrid warfare could transform from conventional warfare to unconventional.</p></div>

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF TERRORISM AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Yevdokymov ◽  
◽  
Iryna Suprunova ◽  
Serhii Lysak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Clear Delineation

The problem of terrorism as a threat to national security has interested many scientists in various fields. However, research does not have an unambiguous and sound approach to building a comprehensive and systematic classification of terrorism for public administration to prevent and combat economic crime.. An important role in the scientific search for the identification and systematization of the properties of the object of public administration is the process of classification. Accordingly, the classification of terrorism will reveal its properties, and accordingly determine the areas of prevention and counteraction to its financing. In the context of research, terrorism as a threat to national security means the action or activity of terrorist organizations that use violent methods and threats, resulting in risks to national interests, economic stability, social consensus, territorial integrity, state sovereignty. The article systematizes the classification of approaches to types of terrorism based on the study of scientific literature of legal, political, social and economic areas. The authors have identified the following problems when considering the approaches of scientists on the topic of the study: first, the selection on one basis of different types of terrorism, differing in composition and content; secondly, the classification of terrorism on different grounds of the same type; third, the lack of a clear delineation of the properties of terrorism within a single feature. The article highlights the properties of terrorism based on a critical analysis of the types of classifications of terrorism. The following properties of terrorism are singled out: the scope of terrorism, subjective properties, the political orientation of terrorism, object component of terrorism, geographical properties of terrorism, motivational properties of terrorism, the form of terrorism, the purpose of terrorism, methods of terrorism. The study is the basis for further substantiation of the innovative approach to the formation of the classification of terrorism from the standpoint of the formation of mechanisms of public administration in the field of prevention and combating economic crime.

scholarly journals The Arctic Vector of US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Development in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Ф. Х. Соколова ◽  
◽  
А. Е. Шапаров
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Arctic Policy

The current international political agenda has seen a growing importance of the Arctic region, which in the last century remained on the periphery of world politics. The interest in the Arctic is clearly manifested in the global socio-political discourse, with national interests in this region being advanced not only by the Arctic states, but also by countries having no direct geographical connection with it. Based on the analysis of key strategic documents, this article presents the dynamics of the development of the US Arctic policy in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It is demonstrated that Barack Obama’s and Donald Trump’s Arctic policies were interconnected and had common grounds, including the following: protection of the country’s national interests in the region; environmental priorities and ensuring sustainable development of the region; participation of indigenous peoples in the decision-making process concerning their interests; development of international cooperation; freedom of navigation; responsible management of the Arctic under the leadership of the United States. However, according to the authors, Obama’s and Trump’s Arctic policies had two significant differences. Firstly, Obama viewed the Arctic as a territory of cooperation and dialogue, while Trump, as an area of rivalry and competition. Secondly, in Obama’s policy, the ecological component was more pronounced, while Trump primarily focused on the country’s economic interests. In general, the two presidents’ Arctic policies were in line with the corresponding foreign policies of the Democratic and Republican Parties. Thus, it can be predicted that Joe Biden’s Arctic policy will be a continuation of Obama’s policy.

Ethnic Conflicts and Peacebuilding in Georgia

2022 ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Sophio Midelashvili ◽  
Jemal Gakhokidze
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Independent States

The chapter deals with the problem of territorial integrity of Georgia, particularly two adjusted regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Today, 20% of Georgian territory is occupied. After the Russian-Georgian War in 2008, things changed radically to the detriment of Georgia's national interests, in particular, the occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia, their recognition as independent states, and ethnic cleansing of Georgians by disregarding the fundamental principles of international law. All these are known to the international community, and it became visible to the whole world. The issues are in the field of permanent national interests of Georgia. Under such situation, it became necessary to search for new ways of conflict resolution based only upon real politics.

Foreign Branches vs. National Interests

2008 ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rozinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Substantial Degree

Sizeable sector of foreign-owned entities has emerged in Russia, comprising branches, daughter companies and majority-owned companies of foreign investors. The focus of regulator’s and researcher’s attention should be moved from the extent to which FDI are to be admitted / attracted to Russia to the analysis of whether the format of the already existing foreign-owned entities is the desired one. Globalization leads to differentiation of branches and daughter companies of multinational corporations. People, plants, business lines and even corporate head offices have become transferable from one country to another. This process is greatly intensifying the international competition for the share in the value chain attributable to individual countries. Russia, being the huge market, is in a position to demand a substantial degree of localization from international companies seeking to enter the country. The regulator’s approach towards those potential entrants should be dependent upon their readiness to allocate to Russia a considerable part of the company’s value chain. It is proposed to use corporate governance mechanisms as an instrument to promote national economic interests.

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