PLASMAPHERESIS;

Objectives: To determine the frequency of major indications requireplasmapheresis in blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Study Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: Blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: June 2010to June 2012. Material and methods: Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designedquestionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 54patients were enrolled in the trial. 23 (42.59%) were females, and 31(57.41%) were males. Malesto females ration was 1.4:1. We received patients for plasmaphersis in age ranging from 15 to74 years. Majority were young patients in age range 15 to 34 years age. We received majorityof the patients for the subject procedure from ICU (Intensive care unit) 20(73%), followed bycardiothoracic unit 17(31.48%). We also receive two volunteers during study. The frequencyof various indications for plasmapheresis were; myasthenia gravis 29(53.7%), Guillen barresyndrome 20(37.04%) and thrombocytopenic purpura 3(5.56%). Conclusion. From thisstudy we concluded that that autoimmune diseases are common in younger age which is avery serious concern for our society. Plasmapheresis is a therapeutic procedure as well andpatients with autoimmune disorders get relieved with it symptomatically as autoimmuneantibodies are removed. Myasthenia gravis was counted as major disease followed by GBSand thrombocytopenic purpura in our population.

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PULP STONE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.07.106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (07) ◽

pp. 992-996

Author(s):

Mahwish Memon ◽

Feroze Ali Kalhoro ◽

Salman Shams ◽

Saba Arain

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Study Results ◽

Tooth Type ◽

Age Range ◽

Pulp Stones ◽

Study Setting ◽

Carious Teeth ◽

Molar Region

Objectives: To detect the pulp stone radiographically and to investigate anyassociation between the occurrence of pulp stone with age, gender, tooth type, dental archand tooth status. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of operative dentistryLUMHS Jamshoro. Period: January 2014 to June 2014. Methodology: A total of 150 patientswere randomly selected who came for treatment. All those patients with age range of 11-50year who had undergone a diagnostic radiographs of premolar and molar region were includedin this study. Results: Out of 150 patients pulp stones were detected in 66 patients (44%). wereported 42 females (48.27%) and 24 males (42.8%). most of the pulp stones were detectedin patients with age 21-30 years (52.9%) followed by 31-40(42.8%). 540 maxillary and 420mandibular teeth out of 960 total teeth and pulp stones were detected in total 124 teeth 76maxillary and 48 mandibular. Conclusion: Pulp stone was found more in sound teeth followedby carious teeth and involved mostly molars.

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Is the incidence of colorectal cancer increasing in the younger population? - a UK DGH experience

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Shirish Tewari ◽

Vinay Shah ◽

Paul Cathcart ◽

Vivek Gupta ◽

Nick Reay-Jones

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Sample Size ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Young Patients ◽

Colorectal Cancers ◽

Team Meetings ◽

Younger Age ◽

Age Range ◽

Multidisciplinary Team Meetings ◽

Larger Sample

Background: Over the past few years we have noticed increasing number of young patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer being discussed in colorectal multidisciplinary team meetings. Our aim was to look if the incidence is in fact rising in the younger age-group patients, aged below 40 years. Methods: Retrospective data was collected from the Info flex database system at our DGH for all colorectal cancers diagnosed between January 2014-December 2019. The incidence of colorectal cancers under the age of 40 years was calculated as well as other demographics parameters were taken into consideration.Results: Total 770 colorectal cancers were diagnosed during the study period. 451 (58.58% were male and 319 (41.42%) were female. The age range was 25-98 years. 2.06%, 3.19%, 1.14%, 0%, 2.22%, 2.38% patients below the age of 40 years were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively.Conclusions: Our study does not show any increasing trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the younger population. One of the limitations of this study is the limited sample size used. A larger sample size or analysis of colorectal registries could be more informative to ascertain if there is a change in the age-distribution pattern of colorectal cancers.

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AFP SURVEILLANCE;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2402 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (05) ◽

pp. 642-646

Author(s):

HAMZULLAH KHAN ◽

SARFARAZ KHAN AFRIDI ◽

OBAID UL ISLAM

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Wild Type Virus ◽

Study Results ◽

The Status ◽

Public Health Workers ◽

Afp Surveillance ◽

Catch Up ◽

Age Range ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the status of the AFP surveillance system at Mohmand agency FATA in a sense to improve thesensitivity of the system in 2012. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Mohmand agency FATA. Period: Jan-Dec 2011. Methodology: Therelevant information were recorded from the Rec files of these cases in accordance to the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 25 caseswere reported in 2011 in Mohmand agency as AFP cases. Eleven were females (44%) and 14(56%) were males. The age range of thesepatients were from 6 months to 14 years of age. Mean age with SD was 37.12+33 months. Four cases were confirmed polio type 1 wild typecases. The frequency of cases reported from various tehsils were: safi (36%), Pindialy and ekka ghund, Halimzai 16%, Prang ghar andambar4%, and Khweze/baizai 8%. Fourteen (56% cases) reported as urgent cases. Majority of the cases (28%) were injection neuritis, 20%cases diagnosed as traumatic neuritis, 4% as Guillain barre syndrome, and 8% as meningitis. 16 cases were cross reported from otheragencies and the remaining from the agency itself. Ghallani AHQ Hospital, RHC Ekka ghund and Mechany BHU are main diagnostic andreferral centers for AFP in the agency. The lab results reported 4 cases with P1 wild type virus. Conclusions: We have at time a bit weaksurveillance system for AFP and the agency being a part of FATA and its security volatile situation, all makes it more suitable for the polio virusto circulate. There is low level of awareness and stigma associated with Polio vaccines which is alarming for public health workers. The crossreported cases ration is more which shows bit weak catch up at station level.

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PATIENTS WITH SUICIDE ATTEMPT

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.10.987 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 1321-1326

Author(s):

Jamil Junejo ◽

Badaruddin Junejo ◽

Inayatullah Awan ◽

Asma Perveen

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family Issues ◽

Younger Age ◽

History Of ◽

Age Range ◽

Study Setting ◽

Status Level

Objective: To determine the demographic details (gender, age, marital status,level of education, and occupation) of suicide attempters attending the tertiary care hospitalservices at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat universityhospital Hyderabad and Sir Cowasjee Jahangir Institute of psychiatry (CIJP) Hyderabad.Period: Twelve months from the 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011. Methodology:The aim of the study was. Patients with a history of attempted suicide. Two hundred (200)consecutive cases were recruited and selected according to the inclusion criteria. An informedconsent was obtained from patients for being included in the study. A specially designed semistructuredProforma was used to record demographic details of the patients. Data were enteredinto and analyzed through statistical software SPSS version 20. Results: Total 200 hundredcases were included in the study. Males 78.5 % (N=157) outnumbered female patients 21.5% (N= 43). The age range of study subjects was between 15 -59 years. Mean age of the totalcases was 22.6 years. Majority of the patients presenting with suicide were single comprising61 % (N= 122) of study cases with a P value < 0.001. Total cases of married subjects were 27.5% (N= 55) with a P value < 0.001. While 5.5% subjects were separated and 6 % were divorced.Unskilled labors made the largest group comprising of 24.5 % (N=49) of all the cases. Otheroccupations included farmers (15.5 %), skilled labor (15%), jobless (11.5%), house wives (8.5%), students (7 %), and shopkeepers (6%). Out of the total 200 patients with attempted suicide32% were illiterate, 33.5 % were educated up to primary level, 19.5% were matriculate, 09 %were intermediate passed, and only 6 % were graduate. (Table-II). Conclusion: In Pakistan stillSuicide attacks are reported. Our results suggest that suicidal thoughts can be entirely predictby common reported in male and younger age due to very sensitive to family issues, lowereducation level and major depression due to unemployment or low level earning of unskilledlabor occupation in the Pakistan population.

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Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000514825 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 490-498

Author(s):

Fuyuki Tateno ◽

Ryuji Sakakibara ◽

Yosuke Aiba

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Myasthenia Gravis ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Study Results ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Age Range ◽

Lower Urinary

It remains uncertain to what extent lower urinary tract (LUT) symptom (LUTS) is a comorbidity of myasthenia gravis (MG). We prospectively administered a LUTS questionnaire devised for detecting neurogenic pelvic organ dysfunction (not validated) in an MG group and a healthy control group and compared the results. The MG group comprised 21 patients: 15 women and 6 men, with age range 22–73 (mean 47) years, illness duration range 0.2–8 (mean 3.5) years, median Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) grade 2, all walking independently. Therapies included thymectomy in 17, predonisolone 5–20 mg/day in 10, and pyridostigmine bromide 60–180 mg/day in 9 patients. The control group, who were undergoing an annual health survey, comprised 235 consecutive subjects: 120 women and 115 men, with age range 30–69 (mean 48) years. The questionnaire had 9 questions. Each question was scored from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) with an additional quality of life (QOL) index scored from 0 (satisfied) to 3 (extremely dissatisfied). Statistical analysis was made using Student’s t test. Compared with the control subjects, the frequency of LUTSs in the MG patients was significantly higher for daytime frequency (43%; p < 0.01), nocturia (24%; p < 0.01), and urinary incontinence (43%; p < 0.05). The LUTS-related QOL index for the MG patients was significantly higher for MG patients as a whole than that for all control patients (29%) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study results showed that MG patients had significantly more LUTSs (overactive bladder) than healthy control subjects and had worse LUTS-related QOL; therefore, amelioration of LUTS in MG is important.

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Use of high-altitude climate in therapy of childrenwith idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Kyrgyz Republic

Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология ◽

10.25555/thr.2018.3.0847 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

С.М. Маматов ◽

А.К. Эсенгелди ◽

А.А. Махмануров

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

High Altitude ◽

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Hypoxia Exposure ◽

The Subject

Введение. Вопрос о дальнейшем совершенствовании базисной терапии идиопатической тромбоцитопенической пурпуры (ИТП) по-прежнему широко обсуждается специалистами и является предметом оживленных дискуссий. Цель исследования: изучить динамику геморрагического синдрома и количества тромбоцитов у детей с ИТП в процессе высокогорной климатотерапии и оценить эффективность воздействия высокогорной гипоксии на течение болезни. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 24 ребенка с хронической ИТП в возрасте от 5 до 14 лет (средний возраст — 10,25 ± 1,43 года) с длительностью заболевания от 4 до 8 лет. Для лечения детей поднимали на высокогорную базу Туя-Ашу (перевал Туя-Ашу, 3200 м над уровнем моря). Продолжительность лечения в высокогорье составляла 40 дней. Результаты. К концу срока пребывания в горах значительно уменьшались проявления геморрагического синдрома, полностью купировался анемический синдром, количество тромбоцитов достоверно увеличивалось с минимума 22,1 × 109/л до максимума 108,4 × 109/л. Заключение. Из 22 детей, получивших высокогорную климатотерапию, у 2 детей достигнута полная и у 15 — частичная ремиссия. У 4 детей улучшение клинико-гематологических показателей носило временный характер, и отсутствие эффекта зарегистрировано у 1 ребенка. Ремиссия достигнута у 77% больных детей. Introduction. Further improvement of the basic therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is still widely discussedby specialists and is the subject of lively discussions. Aim: to study the dynamics of hemorrhagic syndrome and platelet count in children with ITP in the process of high-altitude climatotherapy and assess the eff ectiveness of high-altitude hypoxia exposure on the course of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 24 children with chronic ITP aged 5 to 14 years (mean age — 10.25 ± 1.43 years) with disease duration from 4 to 8 years. For treatment children were raised to Tuya-Ashu high-altitude base (mountain pass Tuya Ashu, 3200 m above sea level). The duration of treatment in highlands was 40 days. Results. By the end of the treatment, the manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome decreased signifi cantly, the anemic syndrome completely stopped, the platelet count increased significantly from minimum of 22.1 × 109/L to maximum of 108.4 × 109/L. Conclusion. High-altitude climatotherapy received 22 children, 2 children had complete remission and 15 — part remission. In 4 children the improvement of clinical and hematological parameters was temporal, and the absence of eff ect was registered in 1 child. Remission was achieved in 77% of ill children.

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Characterization of Electroencephalographic Findings at an Electrodiagnostic Unit of a Tertiary Hospital, North-central Nigeria

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/jrbcs.94 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

E U Iwuozo ◽

J O Enyikwola ◽

I O Obekpa ◽

O O Ijachi ◽

A A Godwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Seizure Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Central ◽

Younger Age ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Diagnosis And Classification ◽

Age Range

Electroencephalography (EEG) remains an important investigative tool in supporting the diagnosis and classification of various seizure types. We sought to examine and characterize the EEG findings from all patients referred for the procedure. This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at an EEG unit in Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria from May 2016 to December 2020. Relevant patients' information were extracted and analysed using SPSS version 21. A total of 484 patients were seen over the study period with age range of 1-87 years and median age of 23 years. They comprised of 254 (52.5%) male and 230 (47.5%) female. The psychiatrist and the Physicians/Neurologist referred most of them for EEG, 201 (41.5%) and 124 (25.6%) respectively. The most reported indication for EEG was clinical suspicion of seizure disorder 291 (60.1%), whilst some did not have a clear indication 111 (22.9%). About 417 (86.2%) of our patients had abnormal EEG finding out of which 414 (99.3%) were diagnostic of seizure disorder made up of generalized seizure in 255 (61.6%) and focal seizure in 159 (38.4%). About 237 (48.9%) of them were already on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at referral of which 190 (80.2%0 were taking carbamazepine. This study showed a high prevalence of abnormal EEG with most of them diagnostic of seizure disorder especially generalized seizure. They were mostly of younger age group with about half of them already on AEDs at referral, majority of who were sent by the Psychiatrist.

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Association of blood pressure with diabetic retinopathy and its severity in patients of type-II diabetics.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.03.6322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 422-427

Author(s):

Kanwal Ijaz ◽

Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo ◽

Beenish Karamat ◽

Asia Aziz

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Type Ii Diabetics ◽

Study Participants ◽

Study Setting

Objective: To identify the association of blood pressure with DR and its severity in type two diabetics. Study Design: Descriptive, Correlational study. Setting: Outpatient Department of Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust Eye Hospital, Lahore. Period: 1st July, 2016 to 30th August, 2016. Materials & Method: After recording of demographic data, 80 type two diabetics of age 45-65 years of both genders were evaluated by consultant ophthalmologist for status and grading of diabetic retinopathy. Blood pressure was recorded with the help of mercury sphygmomanometer. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Qualitative variables were mentioned as percentages. For comparison of quantitative variables, student ”t” test or mann whiten U test as per distribution of data, were applied. For exploring the association between blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy, spearman rho correlation test was employed. Results: Out of total 80 patients, 42 had DR of varying grade. Most of the study participants were females (62.5 %). On comparison between two groups, systolic blood pressure was not significantly different however, diastolic blood pressure had significant difference. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure had significant association with severity of DR in both eyes of the patients with only exception of diastolic blood pressure with severity in left eye, which had non-significant correlation. Conclusion: The study results suggest that, blood pressure should be considered as a contributing factor for development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

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Estimation of Na\K - ATPase Enzyme Activity and Endogenous Digitalis in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

NeuroQuantology ◽

10.14704/nq.2021.19.5.nq21053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 95-103

Author(s):

Eman Hameed Al-Rikabi ◽

Mazin J. Mousa ◽

Oda M. Yasser

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Strong Association ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Gradual Loss ◽

Study Results ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

Background: Among the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy (DN). Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of disorders, which involves a different part of somatic and autonomic nervous systems, with a gradual loss of neural conductivity. Some studies have shown that they reduce the activity of the Na/K ATPase, however, elevated levels of endogenous sodium pump inhibitor in diabetic individuals, including those with neuropathy. Changes in this transfer enzyme are believed to be due to several diabetes complications. Objective: The study had designed to evaluate the Na/K ATPase enzymatic activity in the erythrocyte-membrane among three groups. The first group had represented the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and neuropathy. The second group is diabetics without neuropathy. The third group was a healthy subject. As well, the study had estimated the inhibitory activity of endogenous digitalis among patient groups. Furthermore, the aim of this research was to see whether there was a connection between red blood cell membrane Na-K ATPase activity and the medical facts of the analysis subjects. Design and Methods: One-hundred fifty subjects had enrolled in this case-control study; 80 patients complained of diabetic neuropathy of both sexes, the mean age 59.3 years with an age range of 40-81, 40 DM2 without neuropathy (53.9 years), (35 – 70), and 30 healthy controls (30 years, 25 to 45). Patients in the first group were selected carefully according to their clinical manifestations and the nerve conduction study results. The evaluations of both inhibitory activities of endogenous digitalis and Na/K ATPase had completed using a spectrophotometer. Enzyme activity had expressed in micrograms of phosphate concentration per grams of red cell ghost total protein concentration. Results: The mean enzyme activity of Na/K ATPase was significantly lower (p<0.001) in patients with diabetic neuropathy (381±17.9) compared with the diabetic group without neuropathy (498±22.9) and the normal controls (837±61.43). There was a significant inhibitory activity of endogenous digitals (17.87±2.15) in patients with DNP, compared with the diabetics without neuropathy (8.78±0.89) and healthy control (5.3±1.33). There was a significant association of enzyme activity with the following parameters: duration of diabetes, age, level of glycated hemoglobin and endogenous digitalis with the respective p-values (0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.021). Gender showed no significant relationship with enzyme activity (p 0.43). Conclusions: In DM2 with neuropathy, hyperglycemia can much reduce the activity of erythrocyte Na/K ATPase. In addition, it may enhance the inhibitory activity of endogenous digitals. The timedependent increase in diabetic complications can be due to a strong association between diabetes duration and erythrocyte Na/K-ATPase activities.

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Correlation between Degenerative Changes and Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine of Elderly Women in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

City Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13740 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sultana Amena Ferdoucy ◽

Md Anower Hussain Mian ◽

Nasrin Akhter ◽

Md Shafiqul Alam ◽

MA Sadek

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Younger Age ◽

Study Results

Aims: Degenerative joint diseases and decreased bone mass i.e. osteoporosis are two common age related skeletal disorders responsible for pain and disability. Bangladesh has a high incidence of osteoporosis and the incidence particularly in women, occurs among a relatively younger age group than in the developed world. However little is known about the correlation between degenerative changes and osteoporosis in lumbar spine of elderly women. The purpose of this study was to clarify this relationship in elderly women of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of radiology and imaging of Bangladesh institute of research and rehabilitation in diabetes, endocrine and metabolic disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka during the period of 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2010. DEXA scan of spine and BMD measurement were done at a renowned private hospital of Dhaka. Total 63 elderly female aged between 50-75 years were randomly selected for this study. Results: An inverse relationship between osteoporosis and spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration was observed. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.53:p<0.05) was found between T-score and grade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13740 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013

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