Analysis of the Impact of Labor, Governments Expenditure Per Capita, Be Literate (Education) and Life Expectancy (Health) on Human Development In Jambi Province

The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with the distribution of the first doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we used 9 variables: human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP per capita), Gini index, population density, extreme poverty, life expectancy, COVID cases, COVID deaths, and reproduction rate. The time period was until February 1, 2021. The variable of interest was the sum of the days after the vaccine arrived in the countries. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated, and t-test was performed between the groups that received and did not receive the immunizer, and finally, a stepwise linear regression model was used. 58 (30.4%) of the 191 countries received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The countries that received the most doses were the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Israel. Vaccine access in days showed a positive Pearson correlation HDI, GDP, life expectancy, COVID-19 cases, deaths, and reproduction rate. Human development level, COVID-19 deaths, GDP per capita, and population density are able to explain almost 50% of the speed of access to immunizers. Countries with higher HDI and per capita income obtained priority access.

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Spatial Characteristics of Life Expectancy and Geographical Detection of Its Influencing Factors in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 906 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yafei Wu ◽

Ke Hu ◽

Yaofeng Han ◽

Qilin Sheng ◽

Ya Fang

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Spatial Characteristics ◽

Two Factors ◽

Per Capita ◽

Urbanization Rate ◽

The Impact

Life expectancy (LE) is a comprehensive and important index for measuring population health. Research on LE and its influencing factors is helpful for health improvement. Previous studies have neither considered the spatial stratified heterogeneity of LE nor explored the interactions between its influencing factors. Our study was based on the latest available LE and social and environmental factors data of 31 provinces in 2010 in China. Descriptive and spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed to explore the spatial characteristics of LE. Furthermore, the Geographical Detector (GeoDetector) technique was used to reveal the impact of social and environmental factors and their interactions on LE as well as their optimal range for the maximum LE level. The results show that there existed obvious spatial stratified heterogeneity of LE, and LE mainly presented two clustering types (high–high and low–low) with positive autocorrelation. The results of GeoDetector showed that the number of college students per 100,000 persons (NOCS) could mainly explained the spatial stratified heterogeneity of LE (Power of Determinant (PD) = 0.89, p < 0.001). With the discretization of social and environmental factors, we found that LE reached the highest level with birth rate, total dependency ratio, number of residents per household and water resource per capita at their minimum range; conversely, LE reached the highest level with consumption level, GDP per capita, number of college students per 100,000 persons, medical care expenditure and urbanization rate at their maximum range. In addition, the interaction of any two factors on LE was stronger than the effect of a single factor. Our study suggests that there existed obvious spatial stratified heterogeneity of LE in China, which could mainly be explained by NOCS.

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Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7240

Author(s):

Josep Penuelas ◽

Tamás Krisztin ◽

Michael Obersteiner ◽

Florian Huber ◽

Hannes Winner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

United Nations ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Cancer Prevalence ◽

Development Index ◽

Underdeveloped Countries ◽

Country Level ◽

Per Capita

Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.

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The Role of Energy in Development

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1498 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philip J. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

World Bank ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Average Value ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

AbstractUsing World Bank Development Indicators, it is shown that the use of energy is strongly related to almost every conceivable aspect of development. Wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education, even life expectancy itself, are strongly and significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. In general, the approach taken was to break the consumption of energy into three or more classes, to calculate the average value of the relevant indicator in each class, and to demonstrate that the average value in one class was statistically different, at above the 95% confidence level, from the average in adjacent classes. In the case of life expectancy, the change in expectancy was tracked against energy consumption over 40 or more years, in India, China, Indonesia and Brazil. It is concluded that energy is such a necessary element in development that it should be seen as a basic right. The impact of energy on development is felt strongly up to about 2 000 kg oil equivalent per capita, and is essentially saturated above that level. The data are qualitatively assessed using the environmental Kuznets curve. The OECD nations appear to have peaked, and emissions may continue to drop for the foreseeable future. However, emissions from the non-OECD nations have surged in this millennium, and are likely to exceed 40 000 Mt CO2 per annum before slowing. In this light, the intent of the Paris Agreement to constrain global temperature rise to less than 1.5 °C, seems unrealistic. Any hopes of reducing carbon dioxide emissions significantly, in the face of development by the developing nations, seems doomed to failure. Keywords: development, World Bank Indicators, life expectancy, future emissionsHighlights• Many development indicators are strongly related to the per-capita energy consumption.• The impacts of increasing energy on development continues up to about 2000 kg oil equivalent per capita per year.• Over the past 50 years, increases in per-capita energy consumption correlate strongly with increases in life expectancy. • If all developing nations strive for 2000 kg per capita per year energy consumption, CO2 emissions will continue to rise.

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Analysis of Determinant of Life Expectancy in East Java Province

Economics Development Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/edaj.v8i1.25447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

Nurnas Kavila Elnung ◽

Yozi Aulia Rahman

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Research Methods ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Revenue Sharing ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Quantitative Research Methods ◽

Improve Life Expectancy ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

Economic development in East Java Province increases each year, can be seen from the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Per Capita is increasing. The increase in GRDP Per Capita, cigarette consumption can increase so that the impact on tax receipts and an increase in life expectancy is low. Tax receipts made as the Province of East Java with revenue sharing fund of tobacco products excise highest. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of revenue sharing fund of tobacco products excise, betel leaves and tobacco expenditures and GRDP Per capita against life expectancy in East Java Province. Research methods used in this research is quantitative research methods with processing and data analysis technique used is Panel regression analysis with Fixed Effects Model (FEM). The results showed that only the GRDP Per Capita affects life expectancy while revenue sharing fund of tobacco products excise and expenditure of tobacco and betel leaves don't effect on life expectancy in East Java province. Based on those results, so in an attempt to improve life expectancy in East Java province by improving the use of programme revenue sharing fund of tobacco products excise that can provide direct benefits to society such as examination health routine.

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DISPARITAS REGIONAL PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH

Jurnal Tataloka ◽

10.14710/tataloka.17.1.53-63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

S Syahrial ◽

Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽

Yeti Lis Purnamadewi

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Data Use ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Development Index ◽

Independent Variables ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Per Capita ◽

Underdeveloped Region ◽

The Impact

Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.

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Global Discrepancies between Numbers of Available SARS-CoV-2 Genomes and Human Development Indexes at Country Scales

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 775

Author(s):

Philippe Colson ◽

Didier Raoult

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Development Index ◽

The World ◽

Per Capita

It has now been over a year since SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China, in December 2019, and it has spread rapidly around the world. Some variants are currently considered of great concern. We aimed to analyze the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences obtained in different countries worldwide until January 2021. On 28 January 2021, we downloaded the deposited genome sequence origin from the GISAID database, and from the “Our world in data” website we downloaded numbers of SARS-CoV-2-diagnosed cases, numbers of SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths, population size, life expectancy, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and human development index per country. Files were merged and data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. A total of 450,968 SARS-CoV-2 genomes originating from 135 countries on the 5 continents were available. When considering the 19 countries for which the number of genomes per 100 deaths was >100, six were in Europe, while eight were in Asia, three were in Oceania and two were in Africa. Six (30%) of these countries are beyond rank 75, regarding the human development index and four (20%) are beyond rank 80 regarding GDP per capita. Moreover, the comparisons of the number of genomes sequenced per 100 deaths to the human development index by country show that some Western European countries have released similar or lower numbers of genomes than many African or Asian countries with a lower human development index. Previous data highlight great discrepancies between the numbers of available SARS-CoV-2 genomes per 100 cases and deaths and the ranking of countries regarding wealth and development.

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Geographical distribution of incidence and mortality of breast cancer and their association with Human Development Index in Europe

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v5i4.431 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 2174-2186

Author(s):

Mahdi Mohammadian ◽

Khadijah Allah Bakeshei ◽

Hamid Salehiniya ◽

Fatemeh Allah Bakeshei ◽

Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Human Development ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Human Development Index ◽

National Income ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Average Education ◽

Per Capita

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer malignancy and the important reason for cancer-related mortality in females. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographical distribution of occurrence and mortality of BC and their association with Human Development Index (HDI) in Europe in 2012. Methods: This was an ecologic study to evaluate the relation between Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of BC with HDI, using data of GLOBOCAN project and the HDI report. Using SPSS18 statistical analysis software the data of the study was analyzed; the significance level of the tests was considered as P 0.05. Results: The highest ASIR of BC was observed in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and the highest ASMR was found in the FYR Macedonia, Serbia, Belgium, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the ASIR of BC and HDI (r= 0.611, p≤ 0.001), life expectancy in birth (r= 0.706, p≤0.001), average education years (r=0.038, p=0.815) and gross national income per capita (r= 0.719, p≤0.001). Moreover, there was negative correlation between the ASMR of BC and HDI (r= 0.464, p= 0.003), life expectancy at birth (r= 0.416, p=0.008), average education years (r= 0.277, p= 0.083) and gross national income per capita (r= 0.255, p= 0.112). Moreover, it is expected that the number of incidence and mortality from BC is increased within 2012-2035 in European countries. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the ASIR of BC and HDI. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between ASMR of BC with HDI. Therefore, the results of this study indicate the importance of using HDI as factors affecting the ASIR and ASMR of BC.

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Exploring the Impact of Healthcare on Economic Growth in Africa

Applied Economics and Finance ◽

10.11114/aef.v6i3.4110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Juste Somé ◽

Selsah Pasali ◽

Martin Kaboine

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Expenditures ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Cent Increase ◽

Real Gdp Per Capita ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditures, health outcomes and economic growth in Africa using data from 48 African countries over the period 2000-2015 in a panel data regression framework. In line with wider literature on economic growth as well as health economics, the paper first finds that maternal, infant and child mortality rates are all negatively and significantly associated with economic growth in Africa. In addition, life expectancy at birth is positively associated with economic growth. A 9.4-year increase in life expectancy leads to 1 per cent increase in real GDP per capita. Second, the paper finds that health expenditures have direct and indirect effects on economic growth that are positive and economically meaningful. In particular, a 10 per cent increase in health expenditures leads to an increase in annual average real GDP per capita by 0.24 per cent. Third, education emerges as a strong determinant of both economic growth and health outcomes in Africa, particularly when female education is considered. The main policy implication of this paper is that governments should aim at spending more and efficiently on the overall health system to progress over health outcomes and benefit from the positive externalities leading to economic growth. In addition, it is crucial that governments partner with private sector for resource mobilization and effective service delivery.

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Effect of Fiscal Independence and Local Revenue Against Human Development Index

10.31227/osf.io/fm7qr ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Public Facility ◽

Developed Country ◽

Development Index ◽

Local Revenue ◽

The Impact

Local revenue is intended to finance infrastructure and basic public services that have not reached a certain standard to accelerate regional development. Capital expenditure is to increase public facilities. No part of the Capital Expenditure used for operational costs such as the construction of travel expenses and so on. Human Development Index is a measure of comparison of life expectancy, education and standard of living for all countries around the world. Human Development Index is used to classify whether a country is a developed country, developing or underdeveloped countries and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. If a public facility can be met, then people feel comfortable and be able to run their business efficiently and effectively so that in the end will create a healthy life and a longer life expectancy as well as partially and simultaneously improve the quality of education and standard of life of the community. Data were collected from 33 District Municipality (25 districts and eight cities) in the district/cities of North Sumatera. The sample used in this study were 22 district/cities (15 District and 7 Cities), from 2005 to 2009. Moreover, the fiscal independence level affects indirectly to the Human Development Index.

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