Characteristics of Briquette as an Alternative Fuel Made of Mixed-Biomass Waste (Dairy Sludge and Coconut Shell)

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.

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Proses Gasifikasi Limbah Padat Aren Menggunakan Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier dengan Variasi Jenis Bahan

Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy ◽

10.30588/jo.v2i2.400 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Ucik Ika Fenti Styana ◽

Muhammad Sigit Cahyono

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Gas Content ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Materials Used

Salah satu potensi sumber energi di Indonesia adalah limbah biomasa berupa limbah padat industri aren. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan terhadap suhu reaktor dan efisiensi proses gasifikasi limbah padat aren. Bahan baku yang digunakan didapatkan dari Sentra Industri Tepung Aren di Dusun Daleman, Kecamatan Tulung, Kabupaten Klaten. Sebelum diproses bahan dikeringkan terlebih dahulu dengan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari selama sehari, kemudian dilakukan analisa proksimat. Variabel penelitian adalah jenis bahan berupa limbah padat aren murni, campuran limbah padat aren dan tempurung kelapa, serta tempurung kelapa murni. Proses gasifikasi diawali dengan memasukkan bahan ke dalam reaktor tipe Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier, kemudian dinyalakan sampai keluar gas yang bisa terbakar dan diuji selama satu jam. Syn gas yang terbentuk dianalisa kandungan gasnya, kemudian dibakar untuk mengetahui efisiensinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan mempengaruhi suhu proses di dalam reaktor, dimana suhu optimal dicapai pada gasifikasi tempurung kelapa murni, yaitu proses pengeringan pada suhu 120 °C, pirolisis 340 °C, Reduksi 650 °C, dan oksidasi 721 °C. Gas yang dihasilkan tersebut dapat terbakar selama 15 menit, dibandingkan campuran limbah padat aren - tempurung yang terbakar 8 menit dan limbah padat aren murni yang hanya mampu terbakar 1 menit.One of the potential energy sources in Indonesia is biomass waste in the form of palm sugar solid waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of material on the reactor temperature and the efficiency of the sugar palm solid waste gasification process. The raw materials used were obtained from the Palm Sugar Flour Industrial Center in Daleman Hamlet, Tulung District, Klaten Regency. Before processing the material is first dried by drying it in the sun for a day, then proximate analysis is done. The research variable is the type of material in the form of pure sugar palm solid waste, a mixture of palm sugar solid waste and coconut shell, and pure coconut shell. The gasification process is initiated by inserting the material into the Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier type reactor, then igniting the flammable gas and testing it for one hour. The syn gas formed is analyzed for its gas content, then burned to find out its efficiency. The results showed that the type of material influences the process temperature inside the reactor, where the optimum temperature is achieved in pure coconut gas gasification, namely the drying process at 120 °C, pyrolysis 340 °C, Reduction 650 °C, and oxidation 721 °C. The resulting gas can burn for 15 minutes, compared to a mixture of aren solid waste - shells that burn for 8 minutes and pure aren solid waste that can only burn for 1 minute.

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Extraction of Phenolic Compound using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent from Biomass Waste

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1192/1/012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1192 (1) ◽

pp. 012001

Author(s):

A H Abdul Aziz ◽

N S Engliman ◽

M F Mansor ◽

R R Nasaruddin

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Toxic Waste ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor

Abstract Phenolic compounds are aromatic compounds known for their bioactive substances which can be found in plants. It has been widely used in various applications due to its antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and other benefits. There are various methods to extract the phenolic compounds from plants including ionic liquid, liquid-liquid extraction as well as supercritical extraction. However, all of these methods requires energy extensive, laborious processes, advanced technology, and generate toxic waste. Therefore, there is a growing need to find an alternative green extraction method to reduce the environmental impact while improving the efficiency of the extraction process. Thus, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), a combination of two or more components that comes from primary metabolites like organic acids, choline chloride, or sugar, are able to form liquids upon mixing with lower melting point of individual constituents due to hydrogen bond interactions were proposed as alternatives to conventional extraction methods. Therefore, this research determined the suitable combination of NADES solvents (hydrogen bond acceptor/donor ratio) for extraction of phenolic compounds from biomass waste which included young and mature coconut shells and coconut husk, banana peel, empty fruit bunch, and palm oil fruit husk. The extracted compound was analysed using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the functional groups and type of phenolic compounds present. The best biomass waste was coconut shell and the best NADES combination was choline chloride and ascorbic acid at 1:2 molar ratio. The FTIR analysis of coconut shell extracted by NADES showed peaks at 3404 cm−1 and 3523 cm−1 indicating OH stretching followed by 2915 cm−1, 1388 cm−1 to 1473 cm−1, and 1674 cm−1 showing C-H stretching, sp3 C-H band and C=C stretch respectively. As for GC-MS analysis, 26 compounds were detected and four phenolic compounds were identified at peaks 2, 13, 22, and 25. The research was successful in determining the best biomass waste and NADES combination for highest total phenol. The use of NADES was able to extract more phenolic compound from coconut shell than water due to the hydrogen bond between the choline chloride and ascorbic acid.

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Design and Construction of Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Shell for the Isolation of Pyroligneous Acid

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v3i18.4745 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽

Haniif Prasetiawan ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga ◽

Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Research Center ◽

Scale Production ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Pyroligneous Acid

As a country with a large amount of natural resources, Indonesia should be able to convert this material into more value added product. However, most of the natural resources were sold as a raw material. Process system engineering research center is one of the solution to overcome this problem by developing an integrated and systematic technology. Through this research center, output of the research can be scaled up for large scale production and also can be commercialized to increase the community welfare. One of natural resources which has not been optimally utilized is waste coconut shell (WCS). Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world with areal production of 3.88 ha and 3.2 million ton of coconut products. Several problems arefacedbycoconutagroindustry,i.e.thelackofcoconutbasedproductdiversiﬁcation and also the large number of WCS. WCS is one of organic waste, however it is quite hard to be decomposed by the microorganism due to its hard texture. This problem may gave high potential in the environmental pollution. In this research, WCS is going to be used as a raw material for pyroligneous acid through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a method that is usually used to convert a biomass waste sources into a valuable product through thermal decomposition process without the presence of oxygen. This process will produce solid (char), liquid (bio-oil, tar and pyroligneous acid) and gas. Pyroligneous acid is commonly obtained as a side product from the production of active carbon and to date it has not been utilized economically. In the other hand, pyroligneous acid can be used as an anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-bioﬁlm and also as an anti inﬂammatory. This properties are available due to the presence of organic matter and phenolic compound in the pyroligneous acid. This characteristics showedthatpyroligneousacidishighlypotentialasrawmaterialindrugsandpharmacy industries. Pyrolysis process requires high temperature which has range between 500 – 600 ∘C. In this paper, it will be discussed a pyrolysis equipment design and productionofpyroligneousacidfromWCSbyusingmicrowave-assistedpyrolysis(MAP).

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KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI KOMPOSIT SAMPAH BUAH, SAMPAH PLASTIK HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DI RUMAH TANGGA

Jurnal Presipitasi Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/presipitasi.v14i1.5-14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Yenni Ruslinda ◽

Fitratul Husna ◽

Arum Nabila

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Ash Content ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Fruit Waste

This study aims to examine the characteristics of briquettes from fruit waste, HDPE plastic waste, and coconut shell composite, as an alternative fuel. Characteristic tests include physical characteristics (density and compressive strength), chemical characteristics (moisture, volatile content, fixed carbon, ash content, calorific value), and cost calculation for making briquettes. Physical characteristics tests obtained that density is between 0.60 to 0.89 g/cm3 and compressive strength is between 0.88 to 6.87 kg/cm2. Chemical characteristics tests found that water content 5.73 - 9.06%; volatile content 70.02 - 79.92%; fixed carbon 12.39 - 18.41%; ash content of 1.47 - 4.86%, and calorific value 4549 - 7213 cal/g. Cost for making briquettes range between 0.56 to 0.86 rupiahs/kcal. Except for compressive strength parameter, other parameters are in the standard range of biobriquettes quality according to Permen ESDM No. 047 Tahun 2006. Optimum briquette found in this research is a mixture of 20% fruit waste, 20% of plastic waste HDPE, and 60% coconut shell. Briquettes made as a mixture of those three raw material with that composition is optimum as an alternative fuel, because it produces higher calorific value and lower cost.

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PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BIOMASSA KULIT PINANG DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA MENJADI BRIKET DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA SEBAGAI PEREKAT

JUITECH (Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Teknik Universitas Quality) ◽

10.36764/ju.v3i2.252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Erna Frida ◽

Darnianti Darnianti ◽

Jamal Pandia

Keyword(s):

Carbon Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Areca Nut ◽

Tapioca Flour

This study conducted the preparation and characterization of charcoal briquettes originating from areca nut skin biomass and coconut shell using tapioca flour as an adhesive. Stages of preparation are cleaning, carbonization, densification, and characterization. Characterize by measuring the level of water, dust, and bound carbon. The characterization results showed that the briquette's water content ranged from 4.1% - 6.9%, ash content was 2.4 - 5.8%, and carbon content was bound to 44% - 60.9%. This result is by SNI No.01-6235-2000. So it can be useful as an alternative fuel.

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Analisis mutu briket arang dari limbah biomassa campuran kulit kopi dan tempurung kelapa dengan perekat tepung tapioka

Edubiotik Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Terapan ◽

10.33503/ebio.v4i02.508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

Bagus Setyawan ◽

Rosiana Ulfa

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

National Standard ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Heating Value ◽

Tapioca Flour

Plantation wastes such as coffee skins and coconut shells in Indonesia have not been utilized optimally. Waste can be utilized for the manufacture of charcoal briquettes as an alternative fuel. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of charcoal briquettes from biomass waste mixed with coffee skin and coconut shell with tapioca flour adhesive. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes tests of water content, ash content, combustion rate, and heating value. The research data will be compared with the International charcoal briquette quality standards and the Indonesian National Standard (INS). The results showed that the water content and an ash content of the charcoal briquettes were still below the international charcoal briquette quality standards and INS. However, the heating value of this charcoal briquette is surpass the INS quality standard. The conclusion of the research is the quality of the charcoal briquettes from the waste of biomass of coffee husk and coconut shell with tapioca flour recorder in the aspects of water content and ash content is still below the international quality standard and SNI, but in the aspect of the heat value of the charcoal briquette the research results are above the SNI quality standard.

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Performance of a Gasifier Reactor Prototype without a Blower Using Palm Oil Waste

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9112094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2094

Author(s):

Arief Suardi Nur Chairat ◽

Vendy Antono ◽

Prayudi Prayudi ◽

Roswati Nurhasanah ◽

Hakimul Batih

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Economic Value ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Test Results ◽

Dense Structure ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Design And Manufacture

The usage of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the gasification process adds value to the empty bunches as a renewable energy source. In this study, we design and manufacture a new updraft type of gasifier reactor without a blower so that it does not require electric power in its operation, but uses power from engine suction. Our test results compare the use of biomass waste in conjunction with diesel fuel to run a diesel power plant for 20 min at a load of 10,000 W: diesel with coconut shell charcoal (350 mL), diesel with acacia wood charcoal (380 mL), and diesel with EFB charcoal (400 mL). The test shows that the highest efficient and the most optimal biomass in the gasification process is coconut shell charcoal, because coconut shell charcoal has a dense structure and, at the time of the experiment, the coconut shell charcoal was filled 15 cm below the gas outlet pipe hole. From the standpoint of the economic value of the gasifier reactor that is proposed in this study, the result with the lowest cost is that of diesel with EFB charcoal, because, in this experiment, EFBs were the biomass that was not purchased. The additional use of empty fruit bunches of charcoal is able to save 50% diesel usage.

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Peta Kekuatan, Kelemahan, Peluang Dan Ancaman (SWOT) Industri Arang Tempurung Kelapa Di Kelurahan Muncul, Tangerang Selatan

Indonesian Journal of Economics Application ◽

10.32546/ijea.v1i1.169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

Radhita Nurul Paradise ◽

Rima Marisa ◽

Noviana Putri ◽

Cahyaning Dian Utami ◽

Imal Istimal

Keyword(s):

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Traditional Market ◽

Swot Matrix ◽

Strategic Position ◽

Home Industries ◽

Industry Needs

The coconut shell charcoal can be used as alternative fuel will become more environmentally friendly, easy to obtain, more economical and can be used by the wider community. In South Tangerang city, there are many home industries producing charcoal shell. Thus, this study will analyze the map strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the home industry. The results of the analysis using SWOT matrix shows that this industry has a very strategic position to be developed. Policy recommendations of the result is the industry needs to cooperate with coconut farmers and sellers of coconut in the traditional market, so supply remains awake.

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