scholarly journals Bacterial colonization on Automated Teller Machines from selected Local Government Areas in Ibadan, Oyo State

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
OL Okunye ◽  
BC Kotun ◽  
T Kolade-Titilayo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Bank Card ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are interactive physical platforms that respond to touch command of the user when an account holder inserts a coded bank card. They are operated with finger impressions of bank customers after insertion of the coded card. Objective: To determine the prevalence of isolates, quantify and determine the susceptibility of the isolates to conventional antibiotics and to test the efficacy of disinfectants on the bacterial isolates from these selected ATMs. Methods: Ten(10) ATMs were selected per Local Government Areas (LGA) in five LGA. Sterile swab impregnated with physiological saline was aseptically impressed and rolled over the keypad and screens of the ATMs. The swabs were inoculated in peptone broth and incubated for 24 to 48hours. The inoculums from the broth were streaked on five (5) different selective agar media and standard biochemical tests were used to confirm the bacterial isolates. Results: The prevalence rates of the bacterial agents found on the ATMs were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus (30; 60%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus spp (10; 20%), Pseudomonas spp (16; 32%), and Streptococcus spp (20; 40%) respectively. Antibiogram was carried on biochemically identified isolates, and most of the isolates showed varied susceptibility to the antibiotics and the disinfectants tested. Conclusion: Multiple bacterial isolates found in this study have the potential to attain pathogenic status in compromised hosts and the possibility of transmission of these isolates from one user to another is a challenge of epidemiological magnitude.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

scholarly journals Isolation and quantification of bacterial isolates from citrus fruits and determination of their anti-bacterial activity against selected pathogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Rowshan Akter ◽  
Nusrat Islam Tanu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the isolation and quantification of microorganisms from the citrus fruit samples collected from different areas of Dhaka city. Out of ten samples studied, the range of total viable bacterial proliferation was approximately 102 to 107 cfu/g. Among the specific bacterial pathogens, prevalence of Klebsiella spp. was found in five samples, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in four samples and Vibrio spp. in three samples only. The presumptive identification of these isolates was done by the conventional cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests. Fungal growth was also observed in four samples within the range of 1.2×103 to 3.6×103 cfu/g. Interestingly, Prunus mume/domestica (plum) showed the anti-bacterial activity against all the laboratory bacterial isolates tested. Among other samples, Tanarindus bacilus (tamarind) was found to exhibit activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., and Listeria spp. On the other hand, Monifera indica (mango) showed anti-bacterial efficacy against E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Listeria spp. and Citrus limon (lemon) only against Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22750 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 30-33

Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Ashwak B Al-Hashimy ◽  
Huda S Alagely ◽  
Akeel K Albuaji ◽  
Khalid R Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Specific Sequences

The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Amanuel Balemi ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Kebede Amenu ◽  
Sisay Girma ◽  
Muuz Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

scholarly journals Some coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from buffalo can be misidentified as Staphylococcus aureus by phenotypic and Sa442 PCR methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila C. de Almeida ◽  
Lucas J. L. Pizauro ◽  
Glenn A. Soltes ◽  
Durda Slavic ◽  
Fernando A. de Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Momin ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The present research work was undertaken for the characterization of the bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia in black Bengal goats. Nasal swab samples (n = 50) were collected from the pneumonic black Bengal goats in Mymensingh and Sirajgonj districts. Samples were inoculated onto nutrient agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by the Gram's staining method, cultural properties and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates was performed against 11 antimicrobial agents. Pasteurella spp were isolated from 25 cases, and Staphylococcus spp from 13 cases. Mixed infection caused by the Pasteurella spp and Staphylococcus spp. were recorded in 12 cases. Pasteurella spp produced whitish, opaque circular and translucent colonies on nutrient agar, smooth, convex, glistening colonies on EMB agar and no hemolysis on blood agar. Staphylococcus spp have shown gray white or golden yellowish colonies on  nutrient agar. Golden yellow colonies without hemolysis or whitish colonies with hemolysis were also produced by Staphylococcus spp. on the blood agar media. Pasteurella spp were indole positive, MR-VP negative and ferment dextrose, sucrose and mannitol with the production of acid. The Staphylococcus spp were positive to MR-VP, coagulase and catalase reactions, negative to indole test and fermented five basic sugars with acid production. Results of cultural and biochemical tests supported that these two isolates belonged to P. multocida and S. aureus. P. multocida were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to penicillin. S. aureus found to be highly sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin and less sensitive to amoxicillin. DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11215Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 67-71 

scholarly journals Otodectic and bacterial etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Murad A. Hiblu ◽  
Omar M. Ellraiss ◽  
Elfurgani S. Karim ◽  
Rabia A. Elmishri ◽  
Enass M. Duro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Otodectes Cynotis

Background: Feline otitis externa is a dermatological disorder with a multifactorial complex etiology.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different etiological agents, particularly the parasitic and bacterial, responsible for the cases of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates from those cases.Methods: Cerumen and otic discharges of the suspected cats were collected for parasite detection and bacterial culture. Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: The results showed that otodectic mites and bacterial causes were equally the most prevalent in those cases, with a prevalence of 47.1% each. Otodectes cynotis infestation was more frequently bilateral and severe. Staphylococcus spp. were the most prevalent among bacterial causes (75%), followed by Proteus spp. (16.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.4%). Norfloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials against bacterial isolates, as they were effective against 83.3% and 70.8% of isolates, respectively.Conclusion: Otodectes cynotis infestation and staphylococcal infections constituted the most common etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and norfloxacin represented a cogent antibacterial for the treatment of otitis externa.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sarder ◽  
Tahsin Khan ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Shankar Chandra Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Significant Difference

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic microorganism. It is a secondary biological agent that contributes to the occurrence of fish diseases and its deterioration. This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. hydrophila in some freshwater fishes collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka City and to test their antibiotic susceptibility. Total bacterial count and total aeromonas on different aeromonas selective media were enumerated using serial dilution technique. Bacterial isolates were characterized to identify A. hydrophila using biochemical tests and with comparison to reference strain (ATCC 7966). The lowest Aeromonas count was detected to be 2.83±0.40×102 cfu/g in Anabas testudineus and the highest was 1.03±0.153×103 cfu/g in Oreochromis mossambicus. On market basis highest aeromonas count was found in Anando Bazar (8.10±1.09×102 cfu/g) and lowest in Hatirpool Bazar (5.63±0.90×102 cfu/g) with no significant difference. Maximum susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin was observed whereas all of the isolates were found resistant to a commonly used antibiotic amoxycillin. The obtained results point that antimicrobial susceptibility was more or less similar regardless of the origin of the samples collected. All the fishes investigated in this study contained A. hydrophila in their different organs.

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift in Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Vikas Saini ◽  
Charu Jain ◽  
Narendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ahmad Alsulimani ◽  
Chhavi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health problem in modern times and the current COVID-19 pandemic has further exaggerated this problem. Due to bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 cases, an irrational consumption of antibiotics has occurred during the pandemic. This study aimed to observe the COVID-19 patients hospitalized from 1 March 2019 to 31 December 2020 and to evaluate the AMR pattern of bacterial agents isolated. This was a single-center study comprising 494 bacterial isolates (blood and urine) that were obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the ICU and investigated in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Out of the total bacterial isolates, 55.46% were gram negative and 44.53% were gram positive pathogens. Of the blood samples processed, the most common isolates were CoNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Amongst the urinary isolates, most common pathogens were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 60% MRSA was observed in urine and blood isolates. Up to 40% increase in AMR was observed amongst these isolates obtained during COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19 times. The overuse of antibiotics gave abundant opportunity for the bacterial pathogens to gradually develop mechanisms and to acquire resistance. Since the dynamics of SARS-COV-2 are unpredictable, a compromise on hospital antibiotic policy may ultimately escalate the burden of drug resistant pathogens in hospitals. A shortage of trained staff during COVID-19 pandemic renders it impossible to maintain these records in places where the entire hospital staff is struggling to save lives. This study highlights the extensive rise in the use of antibiotics for respiratory illness due to COVID-19 compared to antibiotic use prior to COVID-19 in ICUs. The regular prescription audit followed by a constant surveillance of hospital infection control practices by the dedicated teams and training of clinicians can improve the quality of medications in the long run and help to fight the menace of AMR.

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