scholarly journals Descriptive study of the initial cases of COVID-19 in a city in the interior of Ceará, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto ◽  
Sandra Maria Carneiro Flor ◽  
Regina Célia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Josiane Alves Dorneles ◽  
Tarciana Ferreira Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the initial cases of COVID-19 in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Materials and methods: descriptive, temporal and quantitative epidemiological study, developed in the municipality of Sobral - Ceará, Brazil, with 110 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed, using the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression to verify the association between variables. The level of significance was set at 95% (p≤0.05). Results: it was observed that 60% of cases occurred in women, 74.5% were adults between 20 and 59 years old, 15.5% health workers and the lethality rate was 1.8%. In 58.2% of cases the main reporting unit was the hospital, 10% required hospitalization, and 64.5% were diagnosed with rapid tests. The main symptoms manifested were: cough (58.2%), fever (57.3%), sore throat (36.4%) and difficulty breathing (31.9%). There was an association between age and the presence of fever, cough and sore throat (p=0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that older people are more susceptible to some symptoms when compared to younger people. Associated with global estimates, this work can provide subsidies for COVID-19 prevention and control actions in small and medium-sized Brazilian municipalities.

scholarly journals Treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment, tuberculosis unit, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, 2013-2015: a record based descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kashyap ◽  
Kamaljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. There has been significant progress in cure rates achieved in revised national tuberculosis programme (RNTCP), however concerns regarding effectiveness of RNTCP regimens, still exist. These concerns could be addressed through an assessment of treatment outcome. The present study was conducted to ascertain the treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted in patients enrolled under directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS). The data included the summary of case findings as new smear positive, new smear negative, new extrapulmonary, new others, relapse, failure, treatment after default, category II. Treatment outcome was assessed as cured, treatment completed, died, loss to follow up, failure and transferred out. Different variables were represented as frequency distribution and percentages. Chi square test was used to observe the association of different variables with the outcome of the disease.Results: A total of 899 patients were enrolled under DOTs treatment for tuberculosis. Sputum positivity was present in 481 (72.8%) patients. Outcome showed 384 (79.8%) patients as cured, treatment completed in 414 (81.8%) patients and treatment success rate of 798 (89.7%). Treatment failure was observed 9 (1.9%) patients.Conclusions: Treatment success rate of TB patients in this study was encouraging for TB control through DOTS strategy. However, to reduce poor treatment outcome, patients should be strictly followed by health workers or ASHAs. 

scholarly journals Atuação de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na prevenção e controle do HIV e sífilis durante o pré-natal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e5944
Author(s):  
Jeferson Silva Pereira ◽  
Geice Carla Alves Anjos ◽  
Ana Fátima Souza Melo De Andrade ◽  
Taciana Silveira Passos
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prenatal Consultation ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primary Care Nursing

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as práticas dos enfermeiros das equipes de saúde da família durante as consultas de pré-natal, na prevenção e controle do HIV e sífilis gestacional. Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, com aplicação de questionário estruturado a 27 enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de saúde da zona urbana do município de Aracaju, Sergipe, entre setembro e outubro de 2019. A distribuição das variáveis foi analisada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. Constatou-se que 85,2% dos enfermeiros conheciam o manual do ministério da saúde para consulta de pré-natal e 96,3% o utilizavam, porém, 25,9% solicitavam os testes rápidos no período inadequado e 18,5% conduziam erroneamente o tratamento para gestantes com teste para HIV. Houve maior proporção de conduta assertiva dos profissionais que fizeram capacitação há menos de um ano quanto aos testes rápidos de HIV (p=0,001) e sífilis (p=0,046), testes não treponêmicos solicitados no pré-natal (p=0,003), mês que devem ser solicitados o exame de VDRL e o HIV (p=0,046) e trimestre da gestação que oferece o teste de HIV (p=0,046). Evidenciou-se a importância de capacitações sobre à temática para a proporção de atuação condizente com os manuais preconizados pelos Ministério da Saúde na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the practices of nurses in family health teams, during prenatal consultations, in the prevention and control of HIV and gestational syphilis. Crosssectional study, descriptive and exploratory study, with the application of a structured questionnaire, to 27 nurses working in health units in the urban area of the municipality of Aracaju, Sergipe, between September and October 2019. The distribution of variables was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. It was found that 85.2% of nurses knew the Ministry of Health for prenatal consultation and 96.3% used it, however, 25.9% requested rapid tests in the wrong period and 18.5% conducted erroneously treatment for pregnant women with an HIV test. There was a greater proportion of assertive conduct among professionals who had been trained less than a year ago regarding rapid tests for HIV (p = 0.001) and syphilis (p = 0.046), non treponemal tests requested in prenatal care (p = 0.003), month that the VDRL and HIV test (p = 0.046) and trimester of pregnancy that offers the HIV test (p = 0.046) should be requested. The importance of training on the theme was evidenced for the proportion of performance consistent with the manuals recommended by the Ministry of Health in the Family Health Strategy.Keywords: HIV; Gestational syphilis; Primary care nursing; Prenatal. RESUMENEste estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las prácticas de los enfermeros en los equipos de salud de la familia durante las consultas prenatales, en la prevención y control del VIH y la sífilis gestacional. Estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, con la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado a 27 enfermeros que laboran en unidades de salud del área urbana del municipio de Aracaju, Sergipe, entre septiembre y octubre de 2019. La distribución de variables se analizó mediante la prueba de Chi Cuadrado de Pearson. Se encontró que el 85,2% de las enfermeras conocía el manual del Ministerio de Salud para la consulta prenatal y el 96,3% lo usaba, sin embargo, el 25,9% solicitó pruebas rápidas en el período inadecuado y el 18,5% realizó erróneamente tratamiento a gestantes con prueba de VIH. Hubo una mayor proporción de conducta asertiva por parte de profesionales que se habían formado hace menos de un año en cuanto a pruebas rápidas de VIH (p = 0,001) y sífilis (p = 0,046), pruebas no treponémicas solicitadas en atención prenatal (p = 0,003), mes en que se debe solicitar la prueba VDRL y VIH (p = 0,046) y trimestre de embarazo que ofrece la prueba VIH (p = 0,046). Se resaltó la importancia de la capacitación en el tema por la proporción de desempeño acorde con los manuales recomendados por el Ministerio de Salud en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia.Palabras clave: Sífilis gestacional; Enfermería de atención primaria; Prenatal.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI IBU DENGAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK PADA BAYI USIA DI ATAS 9 BULAN DI POSYANDU MOJOWUKU SLEMPIT GRESIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imandra Arif Bachtiar ◽  
Chilyatiz Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

The habitual of Some mothers living around Posyandu Mojowuku tend not to provide their babies with measles immunization because of the perception that measles immunization can cause fever in babies. The fact that they do not receive information about immunization from the health workers creates a wrong perception that brings bad effects to babies. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between mother’s perception and measles immunization in babies aged over 9 months. This study was cross sectional approach involved the population of all mothers having babies aged over 9 months, totaling 63 couples. The samples of research 54 respondents were chosen using Non Probability sampling and Purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire and maternal-child health booklet were used to collect the data. Analyzed using Chi-Square test with the level of significance α = 0.05. The result showed that most of the mothers (66.7%) had positive perception about measles immunization, whereas most of the babies (70.4%) received measles immunization. Moreover, the result of Chi-Square test showed that ρ = 0,000 < so that H0 was rejected illustrating that there was a correlation between mother’s perception and measles immunization in babies aged over 9 months. Mother’s perception significantly affected the coverage of measles immunization in babies. Hence, those who have negative perception about measles immunization are expected to change their opinion and perception to avoid dangers for their babies. Moreover, the health workers are also expected to promote activities of providing them with health education to increase their awareness of measles immunization.

scholarly journals The RELATIONSHIP OF CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIFE BEHAVIOR TO ILLNESS IN TODDLERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Lailatul Fitria Sahid ◽  
Irwanto ◽  
Wahyul Anis
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Life Behavior

Background: Childhood is susceptible to disease. One cause of illnesses in infants is due to unhealthy environmental conditions. Therefore, health efforts need to be done to prevent the emergence of diseases caused by the environment by behaving clean and healthy (PHBS). Method: observational analytic case control design. The number of samples was 142 toddlers with 71 respondents each in the case and control groups selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and illness reports from the health center. Data analysis used Chi Square with. Results: Chi Square test results with 5% α indicated delivery assisted by health workers (cannot be analyzed), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.00), washing hands with soap and water (p=0.00), eradicating larvae once a week (p=0.00), not smoking at home (p=0.00), and healthy life behavior (p=0.00). Conclusion: there was a relationship of exclusive breastfeeding, washing hands with soap and water, eradicating larvae once a week, and not smoking in the house to the incidence of illness in infants

scholarly journals Assessing Five Years of Management of Accidental Exposure to Blood at Gao Hospital, Mali

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Y. Cissoko ◽  
L. N. Sidibé ◽  
J. P. Dembele ◽  
A. A. Oumar ◽  
A. Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Accidental Exposure To Blood

Accidental exposure to blood (AEB) constitutes a risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses including HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus especially amongst health workers. This study aims to describe accidental exposure to blood and post exposure management five years after it begin at the Hospital of Gao, since 2012 there is insurrection in this area making difficult to maintain health care system. This study will help to identify gaps to fill in order to improve the prevention of blood borne pathogen infection in this hospital. All cases of AEB declared at the Hospital from January 1st 2007 to December 31, 2011 have been enrolled. The sociodemographic profile of victims, the circumstances of the accident, the post exposure management and the follow up of subject have been registered. Data were entered and analyzed with the SPSS software. Chi square test was used with the level of significance p<0.05. During the 60 months of the study, an average of 124 workers were employed at the Hospital of Gao and 15 cases of accidental blood exposure were declared equal to an incidence density of 4.2 cases per 100 persons per year. Males were the most affected (60%). Nurses and lab technicians represent the majority of victims (53.3%). The most frequent type of accident was the injury by cannula needle sticks during intravenous injections (73.3%). Most of the cases received High Activity Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) within a mean delay of 25 Hours from the accident, and the regiment (AZT/3TC/LPV/r) is predominantly used. HIV serology was done in 53.3% of subjects and revealed 1 positive case. Initial blood tests in all victims were normal. The HAART observance was worst among medical doctors (p < 0.001). No contaminations by HIV were detected after 6 months of follow up. The frequency of declared accidental exposures to blood at the Hospital of Gao is low. The post exposure management is facing a problem of observance of the treatment whenever it shows efficacy in all cases.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Paolo Faccioni ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

Children’s perception towards parents on learning Mathematics in Sindhuli district

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Yam Prasad Pandeya
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mathematical Achievement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Parental factors play vital role in academic attainment of their offspring. Motivation and counseling stimulate someone to take a desired course of action. This paper attempts to explore the perception of children towards their patents in support, involvement, counseling, and motivation on learning mathematics. This study employed survey research design of the quantitative approach. The total population of the study was90 students (15 students from each six schools) enrolled in Grade ix of Sindhuli district in 2019. The data were collected through self-structured questionnaire using three points-Likert scale items. Mean and standard deviation of each item were calculated and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance was used to test the hypothesis. The finding of this study shows that the parents of Sindhuli district are very conscious about the study of their children whatever their educational level. This study suggests that parent involvement is an inseparable component to promote mathematical achievement of their offspring.

To Compare Frequency of Sore Throat in Early Postop period in General Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation for Abdominal Surgeries who are given Dexamethasone and Normal Saline

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1229
Author(s):  
R. Farooqi ◽  
T. Iqbal ◽  
M. S. Mehmood ◽  
Z. Y. Bhatti ◽  
F. Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To Compare frequency of sore throat in early post operative period among patients undergoing general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation for abdominal surgeries who are given dexamethasone and normal saline. Study Design: Randomized controlled study Setting: Department of Anesthesia/ ICU, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore Duration of study: Six months i.e. 25-09-2009 to 25-03-2010. Methodology: 120 patients undergoing elective general surgery on abdomen were selected. They were divided into two groups. Group I received dexamethasone 8mg (2ml) I/V pre-operatively and group II received 2ml normal saline I/V pre-operatively. Chi square test was used. Visual analogue (VAS) scale was used for recording sore throat. The VAS score ≤4 was considered as no sore throat and VAS scores>4 were considered as the sore throat. Results: Frequency of post-operative sore throat after the first 24 hours following GA and endotracheal intubation was lower in group (I) as compared to the control group (II). Eleven (20%) patients with dexamethasone had post-operative sore throat compared to thirty one (56.3%) patients in control group. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pre-operative use of dexamethasone was associated with decreased incidence of post-operative sore throat. Keywords: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Post-operative sore throat, general anesthesia

Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption – A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Mishra Neha Sanjeev ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Singh Mayall ◽  
Rishika ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. Study design: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group ‘A’- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group ‘B’- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson’s chi – square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

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