scholarly journals Assessing Five Years of Management of Accidental Exposure to Blood at Gao Hospital, Mali

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Y. Cissoko ◽  
L. N. Sidibé ◽  
J. P. Dembele ◽  
A. A. Oumar ◽  
A. Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Accidental Exposure To Blood

Accidental exposure to blood (AEB) constitutes a risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses including HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus especially amongst health workers. This study aims to describe accidental exposure to blood and post exposure management five years after it begin at the Hospital of Gao, since 2012 there is insurrection in this area making difficult to maintain health care system. This study will help to identify gaps to fill in order to improve the prevention of blood borne pathogen infection in this hospital. All cases of AEB declared at the Hospital from January 1st 2007 to December 31, 2011 have been enrolled. The sociodemographic profile of victims, the circumstances of the accident, the post exposure management and the follow up of subject have been registered. Data were entered and analyzed with the SPSS software. Chi square test was used with the level of significance p<0.05. During the 60 months of the study, an average of 124 workers were employed at the Hospital of Gao and 15 cases of accidental blood exposure were declared equal to an incidence density of 4.2 cases per 100 persons per year. Males were the most affected (60%). Nurses and lab technicians represent the majority of victims (53.3%). The most frequent type of accident was the injury by cannula needle sticks during intravenous injections (73.3%). Most of the cases received High Activity Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) within a mean delay of 25 Hours from the accident, and the regiment (AZT/3TC/LPV/r) is predominantly used. HIV serology was done in 53.3% of subjects and revealed 1 positive case. Initial blood tests in all victims were normal. The HAART observance was worst among medical doctors (p < 0.001). No contaminations by HIV were detected after 6 months of follow up. The frequency of declared accidental exposures to blood at the Hospital of Gao is low. The post exposure management is facing a problem of observance of the treatment whenever it shows efficacy in all cases.

scholarly journals Incidence of overweight/obesity in preschool children during a two-year follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Franz Broering de Menezes ◽  
Janaina das Neves ◽  
Priscila Schramm Gonsalez ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rate Ratios

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in children aged six years or less during a two-year follow-up. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study followed 242 preschoolers from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, from 2008 to 2010. The outcome was overweight/obesity (Z-score >+2) measured by accumulated incidence. The Chi-square test measured the differences between the study factors. The association between overweight/obesity and associated factors was analyzed by adjusted and crude rate ratios. RESULTS: Nine (4.00%) of the 222 non-overweight/obese children in 2008 were overweight/obese in 2010, indicating an accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity of 4.05% (1.4-6.7). The study accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity was 20.25/year/1000, similar to the incidence density of 20.65/year/1000. CONCLUSION: After adjustment, none of the study factors were associated with overweight/obesity. However, the lack of studies that investigate the incidence of overweight and obesity in preschoolers calls for longitudinal studies with larger samples that analyze not only the incidence of overweight/obesity but also other factors, such as the influence of parents' nutritional status on their offspring's nutritional status.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI IBU DENGAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK PADA BAYI USIA DI ATAS 9 BULAN DI POSYANDU MOJOWUKU SLEMPIT GRESIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imandra Arif Bachtiar ◽  
Chilyatiz Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

The habitual of Some mothers living around Posyandu Mojowuku tend not to provide their babies with measles immunization because of the perception that measles immunization can cause fever in babies. The fact that they do not receive information about immunization from the health workers creates a wrong perception that brings bad effects to babies. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between mother’s perception and measles immunization in babies aged over 9 months. This study was cross sectional approach involved the population of all mothers having babies aged over 9 months, totaling 63 couples. The samples of research 54 respondents were chosen using Non Probability sampling and Purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire and maternal-child health booklet were used to collect the data. Analyzed using Chi-Square test with the level of significance α = 0.05. The result showed that most of the mothers (66.7%) had positive perception about measles immunization, whereas most of the babies (70.4%) received measles immunization. Moreover, the result of Chi-Square test showed that ρ = 0,000 < so that H0 was rejected illustrating that there was a correlation between mother’s perception and measles immunization in babies aged over 9 months. Mother’s perception significantly affected the coverage of measles immunization in babies. Hence, those who have negative perception about measles immunization are expected to change their opinion and perception to avoid dangers for their babies. Moreover, the health workers are also expected to promote activities of providing them with health education to increase their awareness of measles immunization.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with and Reasons for Loss to follow-up Among Glaucoma Patients at a Nigerian Eye Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Stella Onwubiko
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Glaucoma is an emerging vision-threatening disease requiring a life-long management protocol with regular surveillance. Aim: To explore the factors associated with and reasons for loss to follow-up among glaucoma patients. Methods: All adult glaucoma patients who attended Bridget medical Centre (BMC) Eye hospital, Enugu during a two-year period (2016 – 2018) were identified via the medical records. Those who had missed an appointment by at least 12 months were reached via their cellular phones to ascertain their reasons. Information on their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics was retrieved from their records. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was done to identify the factors associated with loss to follow-up. The level of significance was at p< 0.05. Results: A total of 113 patients had glaucoma. They were mainly males, 67(59.3%), retirees with a mean age of 62.0±2SD years. Ninety-four (83.2%) participants were lost to follow-up. The main reasons were forgetfulness, 33(41.2%), and have not noticed any problem in vision, 20(25.0%). Male gender, advanced age, tertiary education, retiree, normal visual acuity, moderate/advanced stage, IOP of less than 21mmHg, more than 5 years of diagnosis and using more than one medication were associated with loss to follow-up. However, only Retiree and IOP of less than 21mmHg were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings from this study emphasized the need for continual glaucoma education and appointment reminder, especially to Retirees with normal intraocular pressure.

Comparison of Two Conjunctival Incision Techniques in Strabismus Operations: Analysis of the Patient Population in 2008, 2010 – 2014

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Froelich ◽  
Arne Viestenz ◽  
Timm Bredehorn-Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Radial Incision ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incision Technique ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Proven Method

Abstract Background Until 2010, the Halle university hospital used the limbal approach in strabismus operations to open the conjunctiva, as first described by Harms in 1949. In 2010, this was changed the to a modified radial incision technique, as inspired by the fornix incision of Harms and the “minimally invasive strabismus surgery” (MISS) technique of D. S. Mojon. The indication is the reduction in complications and protection of the conjunctiva. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of cases between 2008 and March 2014 was performed, including a total of 258 patients. 109 patients were treated with the limbal approach and 149 patients with the radial cut. The following aspects were included for comparison: the medium-term control of the squint angle after three months, intra- and postoperative number of complications, duration of the operations. A survey collected the reasons for not taking part in follow-up checks and the alignment of these patients. To compare binary variables, the chi-square-test was used and to compare average terms the unpaired t test, with a level of significance of 0.05%. Results The results of the postoperative square angles were comparable to both each other as to the literature. The number of complications was kept low in both techniques. The duration of the operations under the radial incision technique was clearly higher. However, throughout the observed years the duration of operations turned out to have decreased. The reasons for not taking part in controls were diverse and the alignment of these patients was high, regardless of the incision technique. Conclusions The limbal approach was a well-proven method to open the conjunctiva. After changing to the radial incision technique, there was never a negative influence on the results of the surgeries or the rate of complications. The duration of the operations was extended. Superiority of the new technique was not shown. It could however be an alternative, as it spares the conjunctiva and permits glaucoma operations.

scholarly journals Descriptive study of the initial cases of COVID-19 in a city in the interior of Ceará, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto ◽  
Sandra Maria Carneiro Flor ◽  
Regina Célia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Josiane Alves Dorneles ◽  
Tarciana Ferreira Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the initial cases of COVID-19 in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Materials and methods: descriptive, temporal and quantitative epidemiological study, developed in the municipality of Sobral - Ceará, Brazil, with 110 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed, using the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression to verify the association between variables. The level of significance was set at 95% (p≤0.05). Results: it was observed that 60% of cases occurred in women, 74.5% were adults between 20 and 59 years old, 15.5% health workers and the lethality rate was 1.8%. In 58.2% of cases the main reporting unit was the hospital, 10% required hospitalization, and 64.5% were diagnosed with rapid tests. The main symptoms manifested were: cough (58.2%), fever (57.3%), sore throat (36.4%) and difficulty breathing (31.9%). There was an association between age and the presence of fever, cough and sore throat (p=0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that older people are more susceptible to some symptoms when compared to younger people. Associated with global estimates, this work can provide subsidies for COVID-19 prevention and control actions in small and medium-sized Brazilian municipalities.

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF RENAL TUMOR RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Martínez Izquierdo ◽  
A R Arnaiz Pérez ◽  
E Escolano Fernández ◽  
M Merayo Álvarez ◽  
B Carrasco Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Renal Sinus ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of overall malignant neoplasms in adults. However, its aetiology has not been clearly established. Although surgery represents the cornerstone in treatment, recurrence postoperative rates are around 20-30%, what implies prognostic factors search must be mandatory in order to help to plan de follow-up and the different adjuvant therapy possibilities available in case they were necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was carried out in 110 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy between 2004 and 2018, with the aim of identifying possible prognostic factors of recurrence of RCC after these surgeries. Preoperative data (epidemiological, comorbidities and laboratory tests), surgical, pathological and variables related to follow-up were taken into account. A univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, using chi-square test and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 53.5 months (SD = 35.8), time in which 19 patients had a recurrence of RCC after radical nephrectomy (17.2%). Histopathological items such as the surgical piece size, the nodal and microvascular invasion, the renal sinus invasion and the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece were associated with RCC recurrence in the univariate analysis, while only the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece showed a significant result in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Histopathological analysis, highlighting the presence of necrosis in the histological sample, was proved to be the main risk factor of RCC recurrence.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Paolo Faccioni ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Zhen Dai ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Xing-Hong Di ◽  
Wei-Wu Shi ◽  
Hui-Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

Children’s perception towards parents on learning Mathematics in Sindhuli district

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Yam Prasad Pandeya
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mathematical Achievement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Parental factors play vital role in academic attainment of their offspring. Motivation and counseling stimulate someone to take a desired course of action. This paper attempts to explore the perception of children towards their patents in support, involvement, counseling, and motivation on learning mathematics. This study employed survey research design of the quantitative approach. The total population of the study was90 students (15 students from each six schools) enrolled in Grade ix of Sindhuli district in 2019. The data were collected through self-structured questionnaire using three points-Likert scale items. Mean and standard deviation of each item were calculated and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance was used to test the hypothesis. The finding of this study shows that the parents of Sindhuli district are very conscious about the study of their children whatever their educational level. This study suggests that parent involvement is an inseparable component to promote mathematical achievement of their offspring.

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