scholarly journals Engineering properties of wood under different drying methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-114
Author(s):  
Samson Nnaemeka Ugwu ◽  
Zimuzo Uduji ◽  
Oji Achuka Nwoke ◽  
Emmanuel Amagu Echiegu ◽  
Boniface Obi Ugwuishiwu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fibre Saturation Point ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Solar Kiln ◽  
Drying Conditions

This project work focuses on the comparison of the engineering properties of Pyrus communis under solar and air-drying method. Green samples of the wood were dried simultaneously in both solar kiln and open air for 15 days. The daily moisture content reduction (%MC) under both drying conditions were observed and recorded. Mechanical tests (shear strength, compressive strength, hardness and tensile strength) were conducted. The results showed that open air-dried woods attained fibre saturation point (30-25%MC) within three days. Timbers dried in solar kiln attained lower %MC (12.9, 11.0, 14.3, 12.3) when compared to open-air dried samples (22.1, 18.5, 21.1, 17.1). For all the mechanical tests conducted, solar kiln dried timber had higher mechanical properties than the open air-dried woods.

Ultrastructure of Epicuticular Wax in Canola

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Conn ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Wax Crystals

Ultrastructure of the epicuticular wax of four commercially grown Canadian cultivars of canola (Brassica campestris cvs. Tobin and Candle, B. napus cvs. Altex and Westar) was investigated. Freeze-drying and air-drying methods of specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy were compared. The freeze-drying method resulted in disruption and possible washing away of wax crystals, whereas there was no visible damage with the air-drying method. The freeze-drying method provided evidence for an amorphous layer of wax beneath the wax crystals. Ultrastructure of wax in the four cultivars was generally similar. All cultivars had an evenly distributed layer of wax crystals superimposed on an amorphous layer of wax. Some trends such as density of wax on leaves and siliques appeared to be species-specific, whereas density of wax on stems did not. There appeared to be at least three types of wax crystals present. These included plate-like, filamentous, and rod-like crystals. The rods were present singly or in blocks.

Assessment of Quality Attributes of Banana Slices Dried by Different Drying Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kianoosh Pirnazari ◽  
Ali Esehaghbeygi ◽  
Morteza Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract In the present study, banana slices were dried and compared using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying method at 4.5, 6.5, and 8.5 kV/cm; oven at 50, 60, and 70°C; and hot-air drying at 50, 60, and 70°C at a constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s. ANOVA showed that drying method had a significant effect on drying time, rehydration capacity, shrinkage, color features (L*, a*, b*, and ∆E), and consumed energy. The values of consuming energy for EHD at 8.5 kV/cm, oven, and hot-air drying at 70°C were 2.99, 20.9, and 81.7 kJ/g run on full capacity of each dryer, respectively. Oven drying led to a greater color change than did hot-air. No significant difference was observed between the color change feature ∆E for EHD and hot-air dried samples in the orthogonal contrast analysis. The falling rate period for EHD moisture movement showed that diffusion was describing the moisture gradients and the internal moisture transfer was dominant. EHD is not fast; however, its advantages like less energy needed, lower shrinkage, and great rehydration capacity make it a good choice for combining with other convection drying methods.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN SIMPLISIA TERHADAP KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN WEDANG UWUH

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Made Aditya Dharma ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽  
Ni Luh Ari Yusasrini
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research aims to determine the effect of drying method the antioxidant capacity of wedang uwuh and to obtain the highest antioxidant capacity of wedang uwuh. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four parameters of drying methods there are sun-drying, air-drying, greenhouse and oven, which were repeated four times. Therewere many parameters analyzed in this research such as water content, antioxidant capacity, total phenol and sensoryincluding color, aroma, taste and overall acceptance. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's (DMRT) (? = 5%). The results showed that the drying method had a significant effect on the water content, antioxidant capacity and total phenol of wedang uwuh, but did not significantly affect to the sensory results. Air-drying method produced wedang uwuh with the highest antioxidant capacity of 63,63 mgGAEAC/L, with a moisture content of 8,05 %, and total phenol of 23,70 mg/L where, based on color, taste, flavor and general acceptance the panelists rather like the wedang uwuh produced. Keywords: simplisia, wedang uwuh, drying, antioxidant

Microwave, Air and Combined Microwave-Air Drying of Grape Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.) and the Determination of Some Quality Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Alibas
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Grape leaves (Vitis vinifera L.) weighing 50 g (±0.08) with a moisture of 4.08 kg(moisture) kg−1(dry matter) (75.35% wb) were dried using three different drying methods: microwave, air and combined microwave-air. Drying continued until the leaf moisture decreased to 0.14 (±0.01) kg(moisture) kg−1(dry matter) (9.07% (±0.20) wb). Drying periods lasted 5–11, 30–70 and 1.5–6 min for microwave, air and combined microwave-air drying, respectively, depending on the drying level. In this study, measured values of moisture were compared with values of predicted obtained from several thin-layer equations; the Alibas Model was found to have the best fit. The optimum drying period, color and ascorbic acid content were obtained by using the combined microwave-air drying method with the optimum combination of 500 W of microwave power at a temperature of 75°C.

scholarly journals Effect of osmo air drying method on nutritional quality of peach (Prunus persica (l) batsch.) cultivars during storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1214-1218
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Jagmohan Singh ◽  
Babita Babita ◽  
Anisa Malik ◽  
Harmeet Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Total Sugars

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to develop value added products and to assess the quality parameters of osmo air dried peach slices. The peach slices were dried by osmo air drying method. Dehydrated peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.) slices prepared were stored under ambient conditions in polythenepacks and subjected to physico-chemical analysis at 45 days interval for a period of 135 days. The highest total sugars were observed in Flordasun 58.28 % and reducing sugars (39.35 %) in Shan-e-Punjab. The maximum acidity (1.84 %) in Shan-e-Punjab, ash content (4.43 %) in Early Grand were recorded. The maximum ascorbic acid content of 11.94 mg/100g was found in Shan-e-Punjab. During storage, an increasing trend was observed in total sugars (54.27-56.76%) and reducing sugars (38.08-39.38%), whereas, acidity (1.85-1.74), ascorbic acid (11.75-9.81mg/100g) , and ash content showed decreasing trend. It is thus concluded that Early Grand, Flordasun and Shan-e-Punjab, cultivars of peach can be suitably used for preparation of dehydrated peach product using osmo air drying methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Drying Methods on Moisture Content and Mass Change of Scots Pine Roundwood

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tomczak ◽  
Arkadiusz Tomczak ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
And Storage

This study evaluated changes in mass and the moisture content of stored summer-harvested Scots pine small diameter roundwood subject to different types of preparation and storage (drying methods). Small diameter roundwood was naturally dried for three months, from 15 June to 15 September 2018. We analyzed three methods of preparation and storage. First, logs 1.2 m in length were stored and air-dried in piles (C). In the second case, a transpirational drying method was used (W). Thirdly and finally, we used air-drying for logs with lengths between 9.6 and 14.4 m (L) stored in the harvesting area. Within three months, the moisture content of the logs stored in piles decreased by 22.9 percentage points. With the transpirational drying method (W) the decrease in moisture content was 10.0 percentage points. In scenario L, at the end of the storage period the moisture content was lower by 15 percentage points. Within three months, the density of the roundwood stored in piles decreased to 700 kg/m3, which is about 140 kg/m3 more than in scenarios W and L. Cutting stemwood into short segments and storing it in a pile appears to have positive effects on drying performance. Overall, this study shows that, for Scots pine wood, air-drying is a better method than transpirational drying.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

scholarly journals Influence of Silane Pretreatment and Warm Air-Drying on Long-Term Composite Adaptation to Lithium Disilicate Ceramic

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Pa Pa Kay Khine ◽  
Antonin Tichy ◽  
Ahmed Abdou ◽  
Keiichi Hosaka ◽  
Yasunori Sumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Interfacial Gap

Background: Repair bonding to lithium disilicate ceramic (LDS) remains an issue. This study examined whether the adaptation of a resin composite to LDS can be improved by a silane pretreatment and warm air-drying. Methods: LDS blocks (IPS e.max CAD) with prefabricated tapered cavities were bonded using a silane-containing universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ER; UBQ) or the bonding agent of a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond 2), with and without a silane pretreatment (Clearfil Ceramic Primer; CP). CP and the adhesives were air-dried with normal air (23 ± 1 °C) or warm air (60 ± 5 °C), light-cured, and the cavities were filled with a flowable composite. Interfacial gap formation was evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography immediately after filling, after 24 h, 5000 and 10,000 thermal cycles, and an additional 1 year of water storage. Results: Without the silane pretreatment, all specimens soon detached from the cavities. Warm air-drying significantly decreased gap formation compared to normal air-dried groups (p < 0.001) and improved long-term stability (p < 0.001). The lowest gap formation was observed with UBQ when the silane pretreatment was combined with warm air-drying. Conclusions: Composite adaptation to LDS was insufficient without silanization, but it was stable in the long term if the silane pretreatment and warm air-drying were combined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Innovative Dried Purée from Jerusalem Artichoke—In Vitro Studies of Its Physicochemical and Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Paweł Rubiński ◽  
Tomasz Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Health Promoting

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke processing methods and drying methods (freeze drying, sublimation drying, vacuum drying) on the basic physicochemical parameters, profiles and contents of sugars and polyphenolic compounds, and health-promoting properties (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) of the produced purée. A total of 25 polyphenolic compounds belonging to hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids (LC-PDA-MS-QTof) were detected in Jerusalem artichoke purée. Their average content in the raw material was at 820 mg/100 g dm (UPLC-PDA-FL) and was 2.7 times higher than in the cooked material. The chemical composition and the health-promoting value of the purées were affected by the drying method, with the most beneficial values of the evaluated parameters obtained upon freeze drying. Vacuum drying could offer an alternative to freeze drying, as both methods ensured relatively comparable values of the assessed parameters.

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