scholarly journals Smoking as an environmental hazard to the periodontal and peri-implant tissues: A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Avigdor Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cast Doubt

While dental plaque is considered the etiological factor for the development of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, many studies from recent years point to smoking as the most significant environmental factor contributing to disease severity. This effect is evident at the epidemiological level as well as on our understanding of the biological mechanisms involved. The present review presents abundant scientific evidence showing that smoking negatively affects the local blood supply, interferes with the reaction of the immune system to bacterial insult, is toxic to gingival and periodontal ligament cells, impedes the response of the periodontal attachment apparatus to treatment, and is linked to dental implant failure. Over the past 30 years, more than 200 million people have died as a result of smoking tobacco use. There are more than 1 billion current smokers worldwide and these numbers are likely to increase over the coming years. And yet, the effect of smoking on periodontal and peri-implant health has been a controversial issue. It was argued, that it is difficult to prove such an effect due to poor adherence of smokers to oral hygiene, which creates a confounding factor inseparable from the effect of the smoking itself. Unfortunately, even some of the more recent publications cast doubt as for the importance of smoking cessation on peri-implant health, as a prerequisite for a successful treatment. The aim of the present review was to question the validity of these reports by presenting multiple evidence to support the quiet widely accepted common knowledge that is the numerous hazards to the oral biology which are the result of a heavy and prolonged smoking habit.

Particularity of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Russian Federation: Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Václav Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Basic Ideas

Summary This article elaborates on the issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Russian Federation. It is common knowledge that foreign companies seeking R&E in Russia suffered damage because of the broad interpretation of Russian public policy in the past decades. However, it is uncertain how the present judicial development appears like and where it will lead in the future. The article specifically considers two basic ideas on the issue at hand: one is slightly critical (Karabelnikov) while the second is rather optimistic in regard with the recent development (Zykov). The main goal is to introduce the issue to the respective readers and to try to inflame a discussion.

Are males in a relationship flirted with more? Testing for mate choice copying in humans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels van de Ven ◽  
Monique Maria Henriettte Pollmann ◽  
Rob Nelissen ◽  
Nadiya Sayenko
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mate Choice Copying ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Absolute Measure ◽  
Cast Doubt

Ample anecdotal and some scientific evidence suggests that men who enter a relationship feel that they are flirted with more frequently than before they had a partner. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a form of mate choice copying; the idea that females prefer males that are in a relationship with another female. In two samples (N = 271 and N = 396) we replicate that people indicate that flirting increased after entering a relationship. However, on a more absolute measure (how often people feel they are flirted with), we did not find that those in a relationship felt to be flirted with more than those without one. Our findings cast doubt on the interpretation that ours (and similar) findings are support for mate choice copying, and we argue that alternative explanations should be considered.

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Verma ◽  
Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran ◽  
Nihar Ranjan ◽  
Swaran J.S. Flora
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dna Recognition ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.

Synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites: a critical review

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petit ◽  
F. Baron ◽  
A. Decarreau
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe synthesis of clay minerals has been studied for decades in an attempt to better understand their formation in natural environments and more recently to obtain clay minerals with controlled compositions and properties. Even though nontronite has been synthesized successfully since 1935, the process is not a straightforward and has been poorly documented. In the present review concerning the synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites, the experiments attempted in the past are discussed critically in light of the most recent data. Most notably, the application of relationships established recently, thanks to synthetic smectitic series, have allowed us to refine the chemical compositions of some nontronites synthesized previously.

Estimation of food intake in sheep by blood assay for lithium content following ingestion of lithium labelled food

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
J.E. Vipond ◽  
G. Horgan ◽  
D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Lithium Content ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Selection Of

Current rationing systems for sheep and cattle aim to balance a deficit in a basal roughage diet by giving group-fed animals a fixed amount of supplementary food. Assumptions are made that both the intake of basal diet and supplementary feed are average values. Coefficients of variation in individual intake of supplementary feeds of 16-36% have however been observed (Foot and Russel, 1973; Foot et al, 1973) and this variation may be larger (67-107%) where supplements are available as feed blocks (Kendall et al, 1983; Ducker et al, 1981).Recent work on the selection of feed ingredients by sheep (Kyriazakis and Oldham, 1993) and the effect of physiological factors such as parasitism on diet selection (Kyriazakis et al, 1994) suggest that there may be biological mechanisms behind this variation. Estimation of intake of supplements has been difficult in the past, particularly at pasture using chronic oxide and N-alkane indigestible marker systems owing to the need for complete faecal collection procedures and handling procedures that disrupt grazing. A promising new method using lithium as a marker has been developed in Australia (Nolan et al, 1994). This work was undertaken to evaluate the lithium technique for use under UK conditions to elucidate causes of variation in supplement intake of sheep.

scholarly journals Echinacea: a Miracle Herb against Aging and Cancer? EvidenceIn vivoin Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arduous Task

Echinaceahas been viewed as an immunoenhancing herb since it became commercially available several years ago. Indeed, its medicinal significance is responsible for billions of dollars in worldwide sales annually. Unfortunately, most of the ‘evidence’ for the purported medicinal efficacy ofEchinaceahas been anecdotal and, moreover, to this day, there is no formal proof on how to achieve the best results—whether it should be consumed daily throughout life as a prophylactic; consumed by either young or old; or consumed after diseases, such as cancer, have taken hold. Our work over the past 5 years has led to conclusive answers to some of these questions, at least in mice. Our results have shown that daily consumption ofEchinaceais indeed prophylactic, extends the life span of aging mice, significantly abates leukemia and extends the life span of leukemic mice. Given that humans are 97% genetically common with mice and that virtually all our basic physiology is identical, it is neither unjustified to extrapolate these observations to humans nor would it be an arduous task to perform many of these studies in humans, thus establishing viable scientific evidence replacing the anecdotal.

scholarly journals What Did We Learn about VADs in 2017?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Guglin
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
The Past

The field of mechanical circulatory support is evolving rapidly and new data are published at a rate which can be overwhelming. For the last three years, we published annual reviews of the current literature entitled “What Did We Learn about VADs?” in the past year (1-3). All three papers were well received as the full texts were downloaded 704, 676 and 413 times, respectively, by the readers around the globe. Continuing the tradition, we have written the present review and as with all previous reviews, we summarized some publications from 2017 that we think are of particular importance and interest. There may be some slight overlap with the end of 2016 due to some papers having been published online first.

scholarly journals (GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Daryoush Babazadeh ◽  
Reza Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

The present review aimed to reveal the role of (GTG)5-PCR microbial typing in indicating the routes and source of infections, investigate the outbreaks and genotypes of clinical strains, as well as finding virulent strains and epidemiology of bacterial isolates. All available and published data in Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct during the past two decades that used the (GTG)5-PCR method for genotyping the bacterial isolates were included in the current study. The findings have indicated that (GTG)5-PCR can be recommended as a possible, cost-effective, fast, and easy tool for molecular typing of bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Smoking Habit and Correlation with Hand Eczema in Healthcare Workers in the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Anca E. Chiriac ◽  
Doina Azoicai ◽  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
Anca Chiriac ◽  
Cristian Podoleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Hand Eczema ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Background: Hand eczema, in time of COVID-19, is one of the most frequently diagnosed skin disorders in nurses. In this study, we sought to investigate whether smoking could be an additional risk factor for hand eczema in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Using a questionnaire about smoking details and hand eczema, we conducted a study among nurses involved in the frontline management of COVID-19 patients. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were sent out. The questionnaires were anonymous and based on self-reported answers, with no clinical examination or medical data evaluation. All nurses enrolled in the study were women, working in shifts for the last three months since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Two-hundred forty-seven questionnaires were accepted for the study, after eliminating non-responders and nurses without hand eczema. The majority of nurses denied smoking (87.85%) in the past and at the moment of the study. Statistics related to years of smoking and occurrence of hand eczema showed no increase in the number of cases in correlation with the number of years of smoking. Similarly, a random distribution of cases of hand eczema was observed when compared to the number of cigarettes per day. Conclusion: Our data does not support the hypothesis that smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of occupational hand eczema during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Neuroinflammation as a possible link between cannabinoids and addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia C.M. Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro H. Gobira ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
Renan Pelição ◽  
Antonio Lucio Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Microglial Cell ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Past

ObjectiveSubstance dependence disorder is a chronically relapsing condition characterised by neurobiological changes leading to loss of control in restricting a substance intake, compulsion and withdrawal syndrome. In the past few years, (endo)cannabinoids have been raised as a possible target in the aetiology of drug addiction. On the other hand, although the exact mechanisms of the genesis of addiction remain poorly understood, it is possible that neuroinflammation might also play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Studies demonstrated that (endo)cannabinoids act as immunomodulators by inhibiting cytokines production and microglial cell activation. Thus, in the present review, we explore the possible role of neuroinflammation on the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.MethodsWe conducted an evidence-based review of the literature in order to assess the role of cannabinoids on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of addiction (terms: addiction, cannabinoids and inflammation). We searched PubMed and BioMedCentral databases up to April 2014 with no date restrictions.ResultsIn all, 165 eligible articles were included in the present review. Existing evidence suggests that disruption in cannabinoid signalling during the drug addiction process leads to microglial activation and neuroinflammation.ConclusionThe literature showed that inflammation and changes in endocannabinod signalling occur in drug abuse; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes are causally or coincidentally associated with addiction. Additional studies, therefore, are needed to elucidate the contribution of neuroinflammation on the behavioural and neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.

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