scholarly journals New promising early-ripening soybean Glycine max (L.) Merril varieties Poiedynok and Kapryz

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
E. V. Yakubenko ◽  
A. S. Zinchenko ◽  
K. Y. Boyko ◽  
E. V. Vedmedeva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Method ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Purpose and objectives. To create new soybean varieties and combine early ripening, drought resistance and performance in them, which is necessary to obtain soybean yields in Southern Ukraine. Materials and methods. To create new varieties, the soybean collection the Institute of Oil Crops NAAS was used. The potential donors of valuable traits were identified in previous studies. The donors were investigated in two-row plots of 9.8 m2 in two replications as per the environmental trial technique. F1 hybrids were propagated, and seeds were harvested from each plant separately. F2 hybrids were sown as follows: seeds were sown by twos in the 70 cm x 70 cm square-cluster method of planting. Results and discussion. Our study of the starting material of the new varieties fully confirmed IV Seferov et al.’s conclusions on the differences in expression of important characteristics of soybean varieties when grown in different conditions. It turned out that the potentially very high-yielding varieties, Hodson and Diona, could not fulfill their high potentials, gain weight and form large numbers of pods. However, they were good as donors of high yield in the new varieties, Poiedynok and Kapryz. Successful breeding of early-ripening soybean varieties, adapted for the arid climate of Southern Ukraine, was ensured by selection of offspring under the extreme conditions of water deficit in Southern Ukraine and involvement of early-ripening varieties, with high potential to produce lateral stems Conclusions. The new early-ripening soybean varieties, Poiedynok and Kapryz, have been created; their vegetation periods are 100 days and 95 days, respectively; the potential yields amount to 3.5 t/ha, with the average yield of 2.3 t/ha from Poiedynok and 2.1 t/ha from Kapryz. The varieties meet the process specifications in terms of the plant height and the height of the lowest pod attachment, even ripening, resistance to lodging and pod shattering. They are tolerant to major fungal diseases and drought

scholarly journals THE COMBINING ABILITY OF TOMATO VARIATY AND INHERRITANCE OF GUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Baigalmaa J ◽  
Myagmarsuren Ya ◽  
Narandelger Ts
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

The important stage of breeding program for F1 hybrids with high yield capacity is to estimate the combining ability of parental lines for productivity characteristics. The information on combining ability may predict the productivity traits to exhibit and helps produce heterotic hybrids and use the initial breeding accessions in tomato. The combining ability of breeding accessions for yield traits was studied with the use of topcross crossing. According to the study of high yielding varieties, the varieties all increase the maturity of hybridisation. However, Jelty gigant varieties have the advantage of general and special combinations (gi = 15.6, σsi2 = 6.4), the minimum seedling duration, and the early varieties of varieties can be used for breeding varietiesThe combinations of our studies include the maturation of flowering and fruitful maturity of h2=0.69-0.67, fruit quantity per plant h2=0.60-0.66) by selection and those are inheritable characters with medium value. Early or total yield h2=0.45-0.58 leaf quantity until first inflorescences h2=0.27 had low heritage coefficient, respectively.

FEATURES OF THE WINTER WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES GENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
R. E. Kazakhmedov ◽  
М. А Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Selection Tasks ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields

One of the modern selection tasks in vegetable growing is quality products improving, obtaining high yields of environmentally safe wide assortment vegetables. To the new varieties of vegetable crops including winter white cabbage are specified new requirements such as market competitiveness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat resistance of the varieties and F1 hybrids. The article is shown investigation results about studies of exogenous treatment by solutions on the base of physiologically active compounds of hormonal nature on the started process of stem extension stage activation and flowering of winter white cabbage plants. For the first time in the Dagestan conditions has been studied the possibility of hormonal regulation of the premature stem extension stage and flowering prevention of winter white cabbage after the initiation of natural induction. In our studies with an early planting there are not more than 20% of blooming plants, most varieties showed a high propensity to premature stem extension stage and flowering. The possibility of the hormonal exogenous regulation of the unfavorable winter white cabbage flowering has been revealed. The most pronounced effect on the transition to stem extension stage and flowering were provided by auxin nature preparations. In particular, treatment with NAS at a dose of 5 mg / l significantly reduced the number of blossom plants, krezatsin (50 mg / l) had a similar effect, but it was less pronounced. The use of cabbage in winter crops makes it possible to obtain two or three yields per year from the same area. Creation and introduction into production of promising and high-yielding varieties and hybrids will allow increasing production and reducing its cost.

Ampelographic collection of NSС «V.Ye. Tairov IVW», current trends in studies and prospects of usage

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
I. A. Kovaliova ◽  
L. V. Gerus ◽  
V. V. Scrypnyk ◽  
M.G. Fedorenko ◽  
O.V. Salii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Genetically Determined

The aim of our research was to analyze the composition of an ampelographic collection of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking by geographical origin of varieties, application, ripening period, berry color, flavor profile, seed development, winter hardiness and frost tolerance, and resistance to major fungal diseases. To enrich the database of varieties – sources and donors of valuable traits via analysis of data on expression of adaptability and performance characteristics. Results and Discussion. At present, there are 736 varieties in the ampelographic collection of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. The largest portion contains Ukrainian, Russian and Moldavian varieties. More than half (59 %) are table varieties; one third (31%) are wine ones; and 10 % are universal varieties and varieties that are still being studied. As to the ripening period, a group of early-ripening, mainly table varieties (23 %), stands out. The most numerous portions of the collection are mid- and late-ripening varieties (17 % each). The percentages of early-middle and mid-late varieties are similar (11 and 12 %, respectively). Among the berry colors, white and its variations (yellow, yellow-green, amber, etc.) account for 44 %; black – for 23 %; and pink – for 6 % of the collection accessions. There are varieties with red-violet, white-pink, yellow-pink, pale red or bright red berries. Significant diversity was also found in flavor characteristics of the collection accessions. Even in the largest group with so-called “simple taste” (86 % of the collection accessions), varieties with bright prune, solanum, flower, honey and other aromas were found. Varieties with muscat flavor remain in high demand on the market. It was found in 12.5 % of varieties, which can be used in further breeding process. The collection contains 7 % of seedless varieties. Among the collection accessions with their diverse genetic and geographical origin, 82 % have low winter hardiness and frost tolerance and are damaged even at –20 – 21oC. They are mainly European varieties without genetically determined mechanisms of protection against low temperatures and overwintering conditions. 17.9 % of the collection accessions vary from relatively frost tolerant (−22 – 24oC) to frost tolerant (−26–28oC). More than half of the collection accessions (64.5 % ) are susceptible to fungal diseases, since they derive from non-resistant varieties. They are mainly intraspecific Vitis vinifera L. varieties. They are used in crosses as donors of product quality characteristics. A third of varieties showed relative resistance to diseases (6–7 points on a 9-point scale (Bankovska, 2007)). They are widely used in further crosses to obtain genotypes with genetically determined disease resistance. Conclusions. The observations and analysis of adaptive and productive characteristics of 735 collection varieties of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking have resulted in enrichment of the database both with introduced and with our own valuable varieties - donors.

The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
В.К. Сердеров ◽  
Д.В. Сердерова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mountain Province

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Varieties on Growth and Yield of Yard Long Bean under Songhkla Conditions, Southern Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karistsapol Nooprom ◽  
Quanchit Santipracha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Pod Length

Yard long bean (<em>Vigna sesquipedalis</em> L. Fruw) is one of the most popular vegetables in many countries of Southeast Asia. Especially in Thailand, it has given high productivities for export in both fresh and frozen types. Yard long bean is considered as relatively low pod yield productivity and stability because it is quite sensitive to unfavorably environmental conditions, particularly for humid tropical regions with turmoil weather. The effect of varieties on growth and yield of yard long bean was conducted at Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai campus, Thailand to test for yield and other horticultural characteristics of seven varieties of yard long bean. All varieties of yard long bean were well grown under Songkhla’s conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. The experiment was taken from February to April, 2014. The results showed that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties exhibited good growth and high yield. The Mae Ping variety gave the highest marketable yield of 12.25 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup> not significantly different (p≤0.05) from the Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties which gave the marketable yield of 15.16, 14.13, 13.51, and 13.34 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Negro and Taiwan varieties were the second high yielding varieties which gave the marketable yield of 11.90 and 11.92 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Euro, Kheow Dok, Saifa, and Taiwan were interesting varieties because they had pod length longer than 60 cm to meet the needs of the consumers in Songkhla province and around this area. It is concluded that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties were the most suitable for growing under Songkhla conditions, southern Thailand due to its high growth and yield.

High Yield Assembly of Compliant MEMS Snap Fasteners

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Murthy ◽  
Aditya N. Das ◽  
Dan O. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Robotic Cells ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Important Design

Heterogeneous assembly at the microscale has recently emerged as a viable pathway to constructing 3-dimensional microrobots and other miniaturized devices. In contrast to self-assembly, this method is directed and deterministic, and is based on serial or parallel microassembly. Whereas at the meso and macro scales, automation is often undertaken after, and often benchmarked against manual assembly, we demonstrate that deterministic automation at the MEMS scale can be completed with higher yields through the use of engineered compliance and precision robotic cells. Snap fasteners have long been used as a way to exploit the inherent stability of local minima of the deformation energy caused by interference during part mating. In this paper we assume that the building blocks are 2 1/2 -dimensional, as is the case with lithographically microfabricated MEMS parts. The assembly of the snap fasteners is done using μ3, a multi-robot microassembly station with unique characteristics located at our ARRI’s Texas Microfactory lab. Experiments are performed to demonstrate that fast and reliable assemblies can be expected if the microparts and the robotic cell satisfy a so-called “High Yield Assembly Condition” (H.Y.A.C.). Important design trade-offs for assembly and performance of microsnap fasteners are discussed and experimentally evaluated.

scholarly journals Theoretical justification of the possibility of selection perspective individuals in variety populations of self-pollinators on the example of soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
V.M. Lukomets ◽  
◽  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
Selection Of

Breeding practice shows that soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods are submitted for the state variety testing in the F10–F11 generation. But the newly bred cultivars are not completely homozygous. The studies were related to the determination of the frequencies of formation of atypical and suitable for selection promising individuals in soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 at the central experimental base of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In the experiments, we used cultivars of our own breeding: Selena, Puma, Vita, Irbis, Bars, Barguzin and Sayana with a total age of 11–15 years from the year F1 hybrids were obtained. To confirm the practical possibility of isolating individuals differing from the phenotypic varietal norm in varietal populations, a complete examination of the crops of all studied soybean cultivars was carried out. In the fields of all cultivars, individuals were identified that differed from the varietal norm phenotypically. Mostly, the isolated individuals were distinguished by an increased plant height, a more powerful habit, an increased number of beans per plant, and resistance to lodging. The facts of the detection of atypical individuals with improved morphological traits in soybean cultivars of different ages confirm the possibility of individual selection of plants in varietal populations based on morphometric traits. The statistical dynamics of a decrease in heterozygous individuals in increasing generations in a hybrid self-pollinating population in terms of the number of paired genes, by which the parental forms can hypothetically differ, were calculated using the modified formula of S. Borojević (1984). It was found that the frequency of formation of phenotypically different individuals in varietal populations of soybeans depends on the total age of the cultivar. The frequency of the formation of morphologically different individuals decreases with an increase in the number of generations of the cultivar. Individual selection of individuals with positive phenotypic differences from the varietal norm can be recommended as an additional source of promising and practically homozygous starting material for accelerated analytical breeding of soybean.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of selected genotypes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in critical periods for yield formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pokorný ◽  
J. Pulkrábek ◽  
P. Štranc ◽  
D. Bečka
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yield Formation

This paper evaluates the influence of genotype on the photosynthetic activity of hops in the period critical for generating yield. Results over three years from measuring the photosynthesis rate statistically show an increase in the photosynthetic activity of hop plants in the flowering stage. The average photosynthetic rates from measurements on the second date (BBA 65) in the years 2007, 2008, and 2009 increased by 17.9%, 45.6%, and 49.2%, respectively. Different photosynthesis curve trends during the final stage of ontogenesis of the plants indicate the maturity level of each hop genotype. As regards the genotypes for which photosynthesis did not reduce significantly, it may be assumed that such plants had not reached technical maturity. The results from the three-year study also show that any promising genotype, with respect to the photosynthesis rate and yield, is the result of breeding of new varieties with greater resistance to drought and high temperatures. Very good results in photosynthetic activity were reached by the new varieties exhibiting high yield and a similar chemical composition to Saaz hop and those sharing the same origins to Saaz, showing a higher content of bitter substances. In 2008 and 2009, all three new forms reached yield levels of 2.35 to 3.12 t/ha of dry hops.

Interpopulational and intervarietal F1 hybrids in Lolium perenne: heterosis under simulated-sward conditions

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Parental Level

SUMMARYThe performance of a series of intervarietal F1 hybrid populations was determined in simulated swards in a range of environmental conditions. On average the hybrids were more stable in performance than their parental varieties, but they showed no general yield advantage. Several hybrids were markedly heterotic at the higher-parental level, however. More heterosis was exhibited in high productivity conditions than in less favourable environments. A generally poor correlation between parental and F1 hybrid performance under competitive simulated-sward conditions and performance in noncompetitive spaced-plant conditions was found.

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