scholarly journals Comparative assessment of plasticity, stability and homeostasis based on ‘1000 grain weight’ in winter rye cultivars developed at VIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
N. I. Aniskov ◽  
I. V. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Target Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Background. In Russia, winter rye is a crop that provides food for people and feed for animals. Despite the obvious advantages of rye (high winter hardiness and drought resistance, plus the ability to grow in areas with poor soils and adverse climatic conditions), its area of cultivation has been reduced from 29 million hectares in 1913 to 872,000 ha in 2019. This situation can be improved by introducing rye cultivars with a stable yield of large grain under diverse growing conditions into commercial production.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2012–2017, in the experimental fields of Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. The target material was the accessions of low-pentosan winter rye cultivars developed at VIR. Data processing was performed using the analysis of variance according to B. A. Dospekhov. Adaptability and stability levels were calculated using the methods by S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Russell and L. A. Zhivotkov, those of plasticity and stability using the technique by G. C. Tai, the multiplicativity coefficient according to V. A. Dragavtsev, and the coefficient of homeostasis according to V. V. Hangildin, on the basis of ‘1000 grain weight’.Results and conclusion. The 1000 grain weight in the studied accessions varied from 30.0 to 48.2 g, with the average value of 40.8 g. The effect of the ‘test year’ factor on grain size was estimated at 65.5%, and of the ‘cultivar’ factor at 20.1%. The best conditions for large grain development were observed in 2013, 2015 and 2017 (45.7, 42.5 and 41.3 g, respectively). The most plastic, stable and homeostatic winter rye accessions were: Rushnik 2 (k-11820), ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’ (k-11818), ‘Bereginya’ (k-11822), Nika 3 (k-11823), and ‘Novaya Era’ (k-11814). The cultivars Rushnik 2, Nika 3, ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’, ‘Bereginya’ and ‘Novaya Era’ demonstrated high adaptability and can produce large grain under a wide range of varying environmental conditions. 

scholarly journals Screening of flax gene pool samples by fiber yield and their adaptability to the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
E. A. Traburova ◽  
T. A. Rozhmina ◽  
I. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Favorable Weather

The research was carried out in 2017-2019 in the conditions of the Smolensk region on sod-podzolic medium loamy slightly acidic soil. The study included 25 varieties and lines of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection. The mid-ripening variety Impuls (Russia) was used as a standard, whose yield, depending on the test year, was 1.07...1.29 t/ha. As shown by the calculations of the index of environmental conditions, the most favorable conditions for fiber flax developed in 2018 (Ij = +0.46), and stress conditions, caused by excessive moisture during the critical period of plant growth and development (GTC = 1.7), in 2017 (Ij = -0.55). On average, over the years of research, the yield of fiber, depending on the genotype, varied in the range of 1.00...1.97 t/ha. The highest yield on average for three years of testing (1.78...1.97 t/ha) and average yield in contrasting conditions were characteristic of the varieties Cesar, Sinel, Dobrinya (Russia), Marylin (Holland), Andrea, Altea (France). Under favorable weather conditions (2018), a high potential for the yield of flax fiber compared to the average value (121.5...133.3 %) was obtained in the varieties Cesar, Dobrinya, Sinel (Russia), Belita (Belarus), Andrea, Altea (France), Marylin (Holland). Under stressful conditions (2017), high adaptability was found in the samples of the Russian selection Cesar (173.4 %), Sinel (168.0 %), Dobrinya (151.1 %), Tost 3 (128.7 %), Alfa, Universal (127.7 %). The varieties Surskiy (bi = 2.2), Belita (Belarus), l. 323-02 (Russia), Marylin (Holland) − 1.7, Alexandrit (Russia), Andrea (France) – 1.5. Were characterized by high responsiveness to cultivation conditions (bi> 1). Russian varieties with a relatively stable yield: Cesar, Sinel – 0.7, Alpha – 0.6, Lider, Smolich, Tost 3, Universal – 0.5, Impuls – 0,2 did not show reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi <1). Thus, the domestic varieties Cesar, Dobrinya and Sinel have the highest yield of flax fiber and adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Non–Black Earth Region. Expansion of fiber flax acreage under these varieties will provide strengthening of the domestic raw material base.

scholarly journals WAYS TO INCREASE YIELD OF CHICKPEAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Yurii Shcatula ◽  
Volodymyr Votyk
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Growing Conditions

The analysis of literary sources showed that interest in chickpeas is increasing, sown areas under this crop are expanding, and technological features for chickpea cultivation are changing. The yield of chickpea seeds to a large extent depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, fertilizers, compliance with the timing and methods of sowing, inoculation of seeds and the like. Much attention should be paid to the system of protection of chickpea agrocenoses from harmful organisms. Weak competition of chickpea plants with weeds is primarily due to the peculiarity of the development of this culture in the early stages, when there is an intensive development of the root system and slow - the aboveground part. In these early stages of their development, chickpea plants are not yet able to fully compete with weeds. The latter, on the contrary, are serious competitors, as they actively use nutrients, moisture and shade plants. High selectivity and herbicidal activity in chickpea crops were shown by soil preparations: Stomp, 33% k.e. (4.0 l / ha); Harness, 90% (1.5–3.0 l / ha); Optima frontier (0.8– 1.0 l / ha). Weed reduction was 85–90% and yield increase was 0.71–0.82 t / ha. Of the post-emergence herbicides in chickpea crops in conditions of mixed weed type, it was advisable to use Pulsar (0.5-0.9 l / ha) and Pivot (0.5-0.8 l / ha). Weed loss was 81.0–82.0% and yield increase was 0.72–0.76 t / ha. When using different herbicides, the yield of chickpea grain was in the range from 1.26 to 1.44 t / ha. The presence of chickpeas in crops leads to severe inhibition, especially in the initial stages of vegetation. The most effective and economically feasible at present is the use of a tank mixture of herbicides Harnes + Gezagard 500 FM (2.0 l/ha + 3.0-4.0 l/ha) which makes it possible to control a wide range of weeds and extend the duration of the protective shield preparations. Chickpea seeds ripen fairly evenly throughout the plant, the beans do not crack or crumble, the plants do not lie down, so when harvested by direct combining there are no problems. The growing season in chickpeas lasts 80-120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions, so it is harvested in late July or early August after harvesting cereals. The yield of chickpea seeds varies in the range 1.4–2.7 t/ha, and with proper technology and climatic conditions it can be 2.5–3.5 t/ha. Key words: chickpeas, agrocenosis, technology, mineral fertilizers, weeds, herbicides, biological products, productivity.

scholarly journals Mapping QTLs for 1000-grain weight and genes controlling hull type using SNP marker in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao-Xiong Shi ◽  
Rui-Yuan Li ◽  
Ran Zheng ◽  
Qing-Fu Chen ◽  
Hong-You Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
High Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract Background Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an important pseudocereal crop, has high economic value due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, dehulling of Tartary buckwheat is difficult owing to its thick and tough hull, which has greatly limited the development of the Tartary buckwheat processing industry. The construction of high-resolution genetic maps serves as a basis for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and qualitative trait genes for agronomic traits. In this study, a recombinant inbred lines (XJ-RILs) population derived from a cross between the easily dehulled Rice-Tartary type and Tartary buckwheat type was genotyped using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to construct a high-density SNP genetic map. Furthermore, QTLs for 1000-grain weight (TGW) and genes controlling hull type were mapped in multiple environments. Results In total, 4151 bin markers comprising 122,185 SNPs were used to construct the genetic linkage map. The map consisted of 8 linkage groups and covered 1444.15 cM, with an average distance of 0.35 cM between adjacent bin markers. Nine QTLs for TGW were detected and distributed on four loci on chromosome 1 and 4. A major locus detected in all three trials was mapped in 38.2–39.8 cM region on chromosome 1, with an LOD score of 18.1–37.0, and explained for 23.6–47.5% of the phenotypic variation. The genes controlling hull type were mapped to chromosome 1 between marker Block330 and Block331, which was closely followed by the major locus for TGW. The expression levels of the seven candidate genes controlling hull type present in the region between Block330 and Block336 was low during grain development, and no significant difference was observed between the parental lines. Six non-synonymous coding SNPs were found between the two parents in the region. Conclusions We constructed a high-density SNP genetic map for the first time in Tartary buckwheat. The mapped major loci controlling TGW and hull type will be valuable for gene cloning and revealing the mechanism underlying grain development and easy dehulling, and marker-assisted selection in Tartary buckwheat.

scholarly journals The new winter rye variety ‘Zilant’ with broad adaptability

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
М. L. Ponomareva ◽  
S. N. Ponomarev ◽  
G. S. Mannapova ◽  
L. F. Gilmullina ◽  
L. V. Ilalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Short Stems

The purpose of the current work was to develop a highly productive winter rye variety for bakery with improved resistance to a complex of unfavorable factors and broad adaptability. The breeding work on the rye variety ‘Zilant’ was conducted in the Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of the Kazan Scientific Center of RAS in 2005–2015. The study of the variety in the Competitive Variety Testing was carried out in 2016–2019, in comparison with the standard varieties ‘Radon’ and ‘Tantana’. There has been presented a detailed characteristics of the variety ‘Zilant’ in terms of economically valuable indicators and adaptive potential according to grain productivity. The winter rye variety ‘Zilant’ formed the largest productivity on average for 4 years (50.2 hwt/ha) and produced high grain quality (229 s of a falling number and 647 u.a. of amylogram height, versus 224 s of a falling number and 625 u.a. of amylogram height of the standard variety ‘Radon’). The variety ‘Zilant’ has a dominant-monogenic type of short stems, strong short straw (on 14–13 cm lower than that of the standards). The variety possesses the same degree of field resistance to rust infections and ergot, resistance to powdery mildew as the standard variety ‘Radon’. There was determined that the rye variety ‘Zilant’, on average over the years of trials, was characterized by a significantly higher productivity (50.2 hwt/ ha, НСР05 = 1.5 c/ha) compared to the control, had a good combination of adaptability (bi = 1.149) and stability (Ϭd2 = 3.17). These advantages of the variety are provided by resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, the formation of a denser cenosis, field resistance to diseases, and a short non-lodging stem. The rye variety ‘Zilant’ produced grain with high baking qualities, corresponding to the 1st class of standards for grain and flour. The variety was responsive to improving growing conditions, showed less response to stress factors and was adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of the hulled oats gene pool according to 1000-grain weight

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
M. V. Tulyakova ◽  
G. A. Batalova ◽  
S. V. Permyakova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Adaptability Parameters ◽  
High Level ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

There have been presented the study results of 11 collection hulled oats samples in comparison with the standard variety ‘Krechet’ conducted at the Falenskaya selection station of the FARC the North-East (the Kirov region) in 2018–2020. The purpose of the current study was to identify sources stable on the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ for the breeding of hulled oats by estimating the adaptability parameters. The soil of the experimental plot was sod-podzolic, medium loamy, the meteorological conditions were contrasting in temperature and precipitation. In the favorable year of 2019, the 1000-grain weight was the highest (34.6–45.9 g), the index of environmental conditions was positive (Ij = 1.6). In the unfavorable year of 2020, the 1000-grain weight was 31.3–41.8 g and the index of environmental conditions was negative (Ij = -1.5). There have been identified the adaptable sources (IEP = 1.08–1.00) ‘15330 KSI 590/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15423 Prelekst’, ‘15426 Werva’ (Germany); the stable sources according to the relative stability of the trait (St2 = 0.99–0.91) ‘15280 55 h 2106’, ‘15331 CSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15428 Bohum’ (Poland), ‘15420 Leniak’ (Germany); the sources with a high level of intensity (I = 24.5 and 19.30%) – ‘15329 CSI 639/05’, ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and homeostaticity (Hom = 25.28–11.96) ‘15280 55 h 2106’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova); the sources responsive to favorable growing conditions (Kp = 1.11–1.28) ‘15329 KSI 639/05’, ‘15330 KSI 590/05’, ‘15331 KSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany); the most adaptive sources in terms of the sum of ranks ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and ‘15329 CSI 639/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15426 Werva, ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany). There have been identified significant direct correlations between indicators of stability and homeostaticity (r = 0.96), intensity and coefficient of responsiveness (r = 0.73).

scholarly journals The effect of hydrothermal coefficient on productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
N. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Growing Conditions

The improvement of the breeding programs, selection of the optimal group of ripeness depends on the soil and climatic conditions for which varieties and hybrids are developed. One of the most important indicators of climatic conditions is the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the effect of HTC on the productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern zone of the Rostov Region, characterized by unstable moisture. The objects of the study were 96 interlinear maize hybrids of three groups of ripeness, namely an early ripening group (FAO 150), a middle-early ripening group (FAO 200) and a middle ripening group (FAO 300). There was a systematic use of variants in the trials. The weather conditions of the years 2014 and 2018 could be estimated as arid (HTC = 0.32–0.57). The years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 were of medium aridity (HTC = 0.58–0.89). The HTC determined only for the entire vegetation period did not allow estimating objectively the growing conditions. There has been required a more detailed analysis of the HTC for the periods (months) of vegetation. On average, over the years of study, the middle ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the largest grain productivity (3.98 t/ha). The early ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the smallest productivity (3.31 t/ha). The middle-early ripening hybrids were characterized with the average value (3.80 t/ha). However, in different years, the maximum grain yields were produced by the hybrids of various groups of ripeness, including by the early ripening varieties, that depended on the amount of HTC in different vegetation periods. There have been identified average positive correlation coefficients between the HTC values and maize hybrids’ productivity (r = 0.64–0.74). The use of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness can stabilize the gross harvest of maize.

scholarly journals Features of inheritance of productivity traits by winter rye hybrids in the first generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Goryanina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The results of the study of the inheritance of productivity traits by hybrids of the first generation of winter rye in the fields of the Samara Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences for 2012-2013 are presented. Inheritance of traits and heterosis (hypothetical and somatic) depend not only on the parental forms, but also on climatic factors. Heterosis for grain weight spike is positively correlated with an increased number of spikelets of the spike, number and weight of grains, and plants, weight of ear, degree of dominance and decreases with an increase in internode length (r=-0,23... -0,30). Heterosis for plant height correlated with an increase in the mass of 1000 grains and the "degree of dominance (hp)" plant height, hypothetical increases with increasing productive tillering (r=0,30±0,18), true - decreases with increasing number of grains per spike (r=-0,33±0,18). Heterosis for number of grains per spike increases with increasing number and weight of grain per spike and plant, weight of spike, heterosis for grain weight spike, "the degree of dominance (hp)" weight of grain per spike and number of grains and decreases with increasing the length of the top internode (r=-0,48... -0,49). The heterosis for 1000-grain weight manifested by increasing productive tillering, ear length, the heterosis of grain weight from the ear of heterosis for number of grains, the "degree of dominance (hp)" on the weight of grains in spike, weight of 1000 grains and decreases with increasing number of grains (r=-0,22 -0,33...), true of heterosis for plant height (r=-0,21... -0,22), "degree of dominance (hp)" the number of grains (r=-0,34... -0,38).

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Diversity of T. Aman Rice Germplasm of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
MS Ahmed ◽  
ESMH Rashid ◽  
N Akter ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Fifty-four T. Aman rice landraces were studied for 11 morphological and yield contributing characters at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during T. Aman 2016 season. The largest variation was observed for yield per hill with 53.6% CV, followed by 1000 grain weight (29.9), number of effective tillers per hill (22.8), culm diameter (18.8), leaf width (18.4), leaf length (18.1) and days to maturity (6.7) respectively. The longest leaf was recorded as 82.2 cm and that of culm diameter as 7.57 mm, grain length as 7.2 mm and LB ratio as 3.48. The shortest days to maturity (110 days) was observed in Kajal lata and plant height (86.6 cm) in Haijam. Indursail possessed the longest panicle (31.6 cm) and the highest yield per hill (24.3 g). Based on D2 values, all the germplasm were grouped into 15 clusters using Mahalonobis D2 statistic. The maximum numbers of germplasm (7) were grouped into the clusters IV with VI, whereas clusters III and XIII contained the minimum (1). The highest intra-cluster distance (1.0) was found in cluster II and the lowest (0.0) in clusters III and XIII, respectively. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 19.2 to 0.6 indicating wide range of diversity among the germplasm. Cluster XIII showed the highest leaf length (82.2 cm) and culm diameter (6.5 mm), cluster IX the highest effective tillers per hill (13), cluster II the lowest days to maturity (117), cluster XV the highest grain length (6.1 mm) and cluster I the highest grain LB ratio (2.97), while cluster VIII showed the highest yield per hill (22.0 g), panicle length (28.8 cm) and 1000 grain weight (25.2 g), respectively. Finally, the germplasm under clusters VIII may be selected for crossing with the germplasm from clusters XIII, IX, II, XV and I for developing high yielding varieties with improved panicle length, effective tillers per hill, growth duration and grain type. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 13-22

scholarly journals Study on morpho-physiological traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under rainfed condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
NCD Barma ◽  
BK Biswas ◽  
AA Khan ◽  
J Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ground Coverage ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Nine morphological and physiological traits were taken to assess genetic parameters, association between the traits and grain yield and partition correlation of yield with other traits, which were purposefully considered as the important strategy for the investigation. Therefore, the main objective of the present investigation was to find out suitable morpho-physiological traits that could be invariably used for the yield improvement of spring wheat grown under drought stress condition. Thirty wheat diverse genotypes were evaluated under drought stress field condition in Alpha Lattice Design with three replications. The study revealed wide range of variability and high broad sense heritability for most of the traits (early ground coverage, canopy temperature, peduncle length, relative water content, number of spikes per m2 and 1,000-grain weight). Genetic advance in percent of mean suggested that there is enough scope for further improvement of genotypes for the characters studied. Correlation studies exhibited that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with early ground coverage and 1000-grain weight. The path analysis also revealed a maximum direct effect on grain yield contributed by 1000-grain weight. Early ground coverage and 1000-grain weight had a significant and spikes per m2 had positive indirect effect on grain yield. Therefore, these three traits were found to be most important for wheat breeding under drought stress. As these traits can be evaluated quickly and easily, hence breeders can choose these traits for selecting potential wheat genotypes for further breeding programs.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 235-250, June 2016

scholarly journals Вплив різних агротехнічних прийомів на вирощування післяукісного соняшнику в умовах Луганської області

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
А. М. Шевченко ◽  
В. В. Степанов ◽  
О. В. Бугайов
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National University ◽  
Winter Crops

Проміжні культури є передусім важливим додатковим джерелом продукції сільського господарства. Вони дають змогу в сівозмінах інтенсивного землеробства значно підвищити коефіцієнт використання ріллі (КВР), який характеризує відношення площі посівів сільськогосподарських культур до загальної площі ріллі. З розширенням проміжних культур КВР зростає від 1 до 1,3. Залежно від термінів посіву основних культур, після прибирання яких обробляються проміжні культури, вони діляться на озимину, пожнивну, підсівну і післяукісні. Післяукісні проміжні культури висіваються після скошування основної озимини і ярових культур на зелений корм. Вибір післяукісних культур визначається конкретними ґрунтово-кліматичними умовами і господарськими потребами. У ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах півночі Луганської області з тирвалим теплим періодом зростання за достатньої вологозабеспеченності рослин в якості післяукісних культур використовуються кукурудза, гречка, просо, соя, соняшник та інші. У нашій роботі виявлено відмінності під час особливостей вирощування соняшнику в післяукісному посіві після озимого жита, прибраного на зелену масу. Досліди проводилися на дослідних ділянках Луганського національного університету ім. Тараса Шевченка в 2015–2017 роках. Після збирання озимого жита сіяли ранньостиглий гібрид соняшнику Pioneer P63LE113 по оранці і по-верхневій обробці ґрунту на гербіцидному («Трефлан» 4–5 л/га, «Харнес» 2 кг/га) і безгербіцидному фонах. На обох способах посіву установлювали страхові надбавки 20, 40 і 60 % до оптимальної переджнивної густоті стояння соняшнику на рядовому посіві 70 тис./га, широкорядному – 50 тис./га. Боронували соняшник бороною БЗСС-1,0, а на широкорядному посіві додатково за необхідності проводили міжрядні обробки. Найбільш високі урожаї забезпечуються під час посіву суцільним способом і підтримці полів у чистому від бур'янів стані. При цьому виключаються міжрядні обробки. Intermediate crops are primarily an important additional source of agricultural production. They allow crop rotation of intensive agriculture to significantly increase utilization rate of arable land (UR of AL), which characterizes the ratio of the area of crops to the total area of arable land. With the expansion of intermediate crops, the UR of AL increases from 1 to 1.3. Depending on the dates of sowing of the main crops, after harvesting of which intermediate crops are cultivated, they are divided into wintering, sowing and post-skeletal. Post-skeletal intermediate crops are sown after cutting the main winter crops and spring crops on green feed. The choice of post-ear crops is determined by specific soil-climatic conditions and household needs. In soil-climatic conditions in the north of Luhansk region with a thriving warm period of growth with sufficient moisture supply of plants, post-crop crops use corn, buckwheat, millet, soya, sunflower, and others. Our work revealed differences in the peculiarities of growing sunflower in post-crop sowing after winter rye, harvested on green mass. Experiments were conducted on experimental sites of Luhansk National University of Taras Shevchenko in 2015–2017. After harvesting of winter rye, an early-seeded hybrid of Pioneer P63LE113 sunflower was sown by rooting and surface treatment of the soil on herbicide (Treflan 4-5 l/ha, Harnes 2 kg/ha) and non-herbicide backgrounds. On both methods of sowing, insurance premiums were set at 20, 40 and 60 % to the optimal density of sunflower stand on ordinary crops of 70 th/ha, and broad-row – 50 th/ha. Flours of sunflower with harrow BZSS – 1.0, but on wide-range crop additional, if necessary, inter-row processing. The highest yields are provided when sown in a continuous manner and the maintenance of fields in a pure state of weeds. It eliminates inter-row processing.

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