scholarly journals The effect of hydrothermal coefficient on productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
N. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Growing Conditions

The improvement of the breeding programs, selection of the optimal group of ripeness depends on the soil and climatic conditions for which varieties and hybrids are developed. One of the most important indicators of climatic conditions is the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the effect of HTC on the productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern zone of the Rostov Region, characterized by unstable moisture. The objects of the study were 96 interlinear maize hybrids of three groups of ripeness, namely an early ripening group (FAO 150), a middle-early ripening group (FAO 200) and a middle ripening group (FAO 300). There was a systematic use of variants in the trials. The weather conditions of the years 2014 and 2018 could be estimated as arid (HTC = 0.32–0.57). The years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 were of medium aridity (HTC = 0.58–0.89). The HTC determined only for the entire vegetation period did not allow estimating objectively the growing conditions. There has been required a more detailed analysis of the HTC for the periods (months) of vegetation. On average, over the years of study, the middle ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the largest grain productivity (3.98 t/ha). The early ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the smallest productivity (3.31 t/ha). The middle-early ripening hybrids were characterized with the average value (3.80 t/ha). However, in different years, the maximum grain yields were produced by the hybrids of various groups of ripeness, including by the early ripening varieties, that depended on the amount of HTC in different vegetation periods. There have been identified average positive correlation coefficients between the HTC values and maize hybrids’ productivity (r = 0.64–0.74). The use of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness can stabilize the gross harvest of maize.

scholarly journals Stress-resilient maize for climate-vulnerable ecologies in the Asian tropics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1264-1274
Author(s):  
P.H. Zaidi ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Dang N. Ha ◽  
Suriphat Thaitad ◽  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Variable Weather

Most parts of the Asian tropics are hotspots of climate change effects and associated weather variabilities. One of the major challenges with climate change is the uncertainty and inter-annual variability in weather conditions as crops are frequently exposed to different weather extremes within the same season. Therefore, agricultural research must strive to develop new crop varieties with inbuilt resilience towards variable weather conditions rather than merely tolerance to individual stresses in a specific situation and/or at a specific crop stage. C4 crops are known for their wider adaptation to range of climatic conditions. However, recent climatic trends and associated variabilities seem to be challenging the threshold limit of wider adaptability of even C4 crops like maize. In collaboration with national programs and private sector partners in the region, CIMMYT-Asia maize program initiated research for development (R4D) projects largely focusing on saving achievable yields across range of variable environments by incorporating reasonable levels of tolerance/resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses without compromising on grain yields under optimal growing conditions. By integrating novel breeding tools like - genomics, double haploid (DH) technology, precision phenotyping and reducing genotype × environment interaction effects, a new generation of maize germplasm with multiple stress tolerance that can grow well across variable weather conditions were developed. The new maize germplasm were targeted for stress-prone environments where maize is invariability exposed to a range of sub-optimal growing conditions, such as drought, heat, waterlogging and various virulent diseases. The overarching goal of the stress-resilient maize program has been to achieve yield potential with a downside risk reduction.

scholarly journals Adaptability of Different Sunflower Hybrids to the Conditions of Insufficient Moisturening

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Rate Of Response

Expansion of variety and sustainable production of quality oilseed crops both in the world on the whole and in Ukraine in particular, is actual. The main factors of this are: the urgent need for raw materials, changes in weather and climatic conditions, changes in the structure of phytocenoses, development and spread of specific diseases and pests, and adaptive ability of species and varieties, etc. This problem is especially crucial when cultivating crops under stressful conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In the cultivation of sunflower varieties and hybrids of modern plant breeding, we observe a pronounced reaction to changes in agricultural meteorological conditions of their cultivation. Our research was carried out for three years (2017-2019) in the Southern Steppe region of Ukraine, which has low rainfall. The methods of the analysis were field and mathematicalstatistical methods. We evaluated the levels of environmental plasticity in 23 sunflower hybrids. We used the Eberhard and Russel method (the plasticity and stability analysis) to fully evaluate new hybrids with regard to their adaptability to growing conditions and investigate the appropriate rate of response of genotypes to the growing technology. We have found that under the conditions of the Dry Steppe zone of Ukraine sunflower embodies its genetic potential by 45%. Based on the experimental data, we conducted the regression analysis resulting in a linear regression model that indicates the dependence of sunflower yield on agricultural meteorological indicators. The hydrothermal coefficient in 2017 was 0.75. Despite this, the sunflower plants formed the highest yield that year due to the sufficient minimum relative humidity of the air during flowering (BBCH 61-65) was 54.7%. Creating genotype shave an average value of plasticity of the yield (ranging from 0.83 to 1.19), namely: EU Arcadia SU, EU Genesis, NS-X-496, EU Generalis SL, EU Loris KLP, SI Bacardi KLP, SI Arizona. Hybrids of different intensity levels, that are genetically and biologically diverse, can be cultivated efficiently in different agricultural ecological growing zones.

scholarly journals Optimization of the parameters of quantitative traits of maize hybrids used for grain

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
A. S. Ignatiev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Early Ripening

The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in order to determine the opti­mal values of quantitative traits, the combination of which allows forming the maximum yield for hybrids of grain use in arid conditions. The 96 maize hybrids were the initial material which were studied for grain productivity, plant height, height of ear attachment, length of the vegetation period and of the period from germination to ear flowering. The presence, strength and direction of correlation between grain productivity and quantitative characteristics have been established. There has been identified a weak positive correlation between the grain productivity and plant height (r = + 0.10…+0.23). Maize hybrids for grain use should be of medium height with an optimal value of the trait of 220–250 cm. The grain productivity had an average in 2016 (r = + 0.49) and a weak in 2015 and 2016 (r = + 0.05; r = +0.17) dependence on an ear attachment height. The optimal values of the trait were 80–95 cm. The nature of the dependence between grain productivity and the length of the vegetation period greatly differed through the year of study. In 2016 an average positive correlation was r = + 0.52; in 2015 and 2017 there was a weak negative correlation r = –0.14, r = –0.24. Through different years, the hybrids of various groups of ripeness formed the maximum grain productivity of 5.0–5.5 t/ha. The hybrids of the middle-early group of ripening, as well as the early-ripening and middle-ripening hybrids had an advantage before the middle-early group slightly differing in the length of the vegetation period. The optimum length of the vegetation period is 97–110 days, the period from germination to ear flowering is 53–61 days.

scholarly journals Screening of flax gene pool samples by fiber yield and their adaptability to the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
E. A. Traburova ◽  
T. A. Rozhmina ◽  
I. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Favorable Weather

The research was carried out in 2017-2019 in the conditions of the Smolensk region on sod-podzolic medium loamy slightly acidic soil. The study included 25 varieties and lines of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection. The mid-ripening variety Impuls (Russia) was used as a standard, whose yield, depending on the test year, was 1.07...1.29 t/ha. As shown by the calculations of the index of environmental conditions, the most favorable conditions for fiber flax developed in 2018 (Ij = +0.46), and stress conditions, caused by excessive moisture during the critical period of plant growth and development (GTC = 1.7), in 2017 (Ij = -0.55). On average, over the years of research, the yield of fiber, depending on the genotype, varied in the range of 1.00...1.97 t/ha. The highest yield on average for three years of testing (1.78...1.97 t/ha) and average yield in contrasting conditions were characteristic of the varieties Cesar, Sinel, Dobrinya (Russia), Marylin (Holland), Andrea, Altea (France). Under favorable weather conditions (2018), a high potential for the yield of flax fiber compared to the average value (121.5...133.3 %) was obtained in the varieties Cesar, Dobrinya, Sinel (Russia), Belita (Belarus), Andrea, Altea (France), Marylin (Holland). Under stressful conditions (2017), high adaptability was found in the samples of the Russian selection Cesar (173.4 %), Sinel (168.0 %), Dobrinya (151.1 %), Tost 3 (128.7 %), Alfa, Universal (127.7 %). The varieties Surskiy (bi = 2.2), Belita (Belarus), l. 323-02 (Russia), Marylin (Holland) − 1.7, Alexandrit (Russia), Andrea (France) – 1.5. Were characterized by high responsiveness to cultivation conditions (bi> 1). Russian varieties with a relatively stable yield: Cesar, Sinel – 0.7, Alpha – 0.6, Lider, Smolich, Tost 3, Universal – 0.5, Impuls – 0,2 did not show reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi <1). Thus, the domestic varieties Cesar, Dobrinya and Sinel have the highest yield of flax fiber and adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Non–Black Earth Region. Expansion of fiber flax acreage under these varieties will provide strengthening of the domestic raw material base.

scholarly journals The relationship of agroclimatic factors and the yield of potato varieties in the conditions of the near Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In 2005-2015. studied the effect of liquid organic fertilizer BIOOD-1 as foliar feeding on the yield and quality of various potato varieties in changing meteorological conditions. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that the most stable yields under various weather conditions were shown by the potatoes of the mid-season variety Bryansk delicacy. The low starch content of varieties Nevsky, Udacha was noted in years of high humidity, but with a lack of moisture, the starch content of these varieties increased in the background variant and in the experiment with organic fertilization. Keywords: CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT, MEAN SENIOR PRECIPITATION, POTATO, YIELD, STARCH, HUMIC FERTILIZERS

scholarly journals Impact of weather conditions and sowing method on seed performance of meadow clover in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Z. S. Nelyubina ◽  
I. Sh. Fatykhov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime

Seed production of perennial leguminous herbs, including meadow clover (Trifolium praténse), is complicated due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. In Middle Urals, only two to three years out of ten are favorable for seed production. Estimation of influence of the hydrothermal regime of the growing season and the sowing method has been carried out in the experimental crop rotation of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, UdmFRC Ural Branch of the RAS with the seed grass stand of meadow diploid clover varieties Pelican and Trio, tetraploid variety Kudesnik It has been revealed that seed productivity of meadow clover on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was more dependent on the prevailing hydrothermal regimes of vegetation periods, as well as on the variety’s ploidy. A relatively high seeds yield of the Pelican variety (2n) 444-593 kg/ha and Kudesnik variety (4n) 101-116 kg/ha was formed under conditions of insufficient and optimal moisture supply of the vegetation period with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.67-1.41. With increase in hydrothermal coefficient p to 1.56-1.69, the seeds yield of the Trio variety (2n) decreased to 251-328 kg/ha, of the Kudesnik variety (4n) - to 77-91 kg/ha. Under the same conditions, according to the hydrothermal regime of vegetation, the Kudesnik clover variety formed a relatively larger number of stems and heads, however, the heads productivity was significantly inferior to diploid varieties, which ultimately affected its seed productivity. Sowing diploid varieties of meadow clover Pelican and Trio in the usual ordinary way (15 cm), tetraploid variety Kudesnik in a wide-row way (30 cm) allowed increasing seeds yield and thereby neutralizing the negative impact of weather factors. Sstudy of the seed formation features of meadow clover varieties differing in ploidy in contrasting agrometeorological conditions may be of interest in developing methods for optimizing their seed productivity.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS OF NEW HYBRIDES OF CORN IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Олег Шайтанов ◽  
Oleg Shaytanov ◽  
Марсель Тагиров ◽  
Marsel Tagirov ◽  
Ханиф Каримов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Republic

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early ripening corn hybrids of All-Russian Research Institute was carried out on typical for the Republic of Tatarstan gray forest loamy soils. Unusual climatic conditions for the XXI century of the growing season of 2017 allowed us to make the most rigorous selection among the studied hybrids. At the time of harvesting a sample was detected with grain moisture 33.0 (control 34.6%), starch content in grain 58.8% (control 49.2%), grain productivity in terms of moisture 14.0% - 5.17 tons per hectare (control 4.73 tons per hectare). Also, two samples with grain moisture content of 38.4-38.7% were selected, which surpassed the control by 33.8-39.1%, with an equal starch content. The results of phenological observations of the growth and development of early maturing corn hybrids over 12 years were analyzed. A close negative correlation (r = -0.933) was established between the average daily air temperature and the duration of sprouting of the early ripe maize hybrids. A regression equation was derived, according to which a decrease in average daily air temperature by 1°C increases the duration of emergence of seedlings of early ripe maize hybrids in Tatarstan by 1 day.

scholarly journals Agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Variety Testing

The current paper has presented a material on agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. As a result of the competitive variety testing in 2017–2019, five soybean lines of the middle-early ripening group were selected with a vegetation period less than 120 days, exceeding the standard variety “Don 21” in seed productivity. The temperature and water conditions during the years of study were different, which allowed evaluating the lines in contrasting cultivation conditions. Statistical data processing was carried out by B. A. Dospekhov’s analysis of variance (2012). Agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines was carried out according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell’s method (1984) and according to V. V. Khangildin’s method (1984). Based on the conducted study, there were identified the lines “L-1016” and “L-1017”, which are characterized by stabile productivity, and the lines “L-1001”, “L-1012” and “L-1013” which are responsive to the improvement of the agricultural background. The identified soybean lines “L-1016” and “L-1017” will be used in future breeding as the sources of adaptability, and the lines “L-1001”, “L-1012” and “L1013” to develop varieties of intensive type. Comparing the time cost, the need for computer technology to carry out calculations according to the methods of agroecological estimation proposed by S. A. Eberhart / W. A. Russell and V. V. Khangildin, the first method is more labor-intensive. According to the first method, the indicators of agroecological estimation must be recalculated if the number of samples changes, since they affect the final result of the calculations, but the second method does not need it. It has been recommended when working with a large number of breeding material to use the method proposed by V. V. Khangildin to speed up math calculations in agroecological estimation.

scholarly journals The effect of plant density on productivity of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman’ in the Lugansk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
A. V. Baranovsky
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Sorghum Variety

Frequently occured dry years and a sharp decrease of productivity and gross harvests of grain crops require scientifically grounded selection of grain crops that stabilize its production. Currently, the drought resistant sorghum varieties can become a good alternative for the main spring grain crops. In the Luhansk region, the average annual amount of precipitation is 475 mm, which confirms the advantage in growing grain sorghum over other spring grain crops. However, plant density of the modern recommended grain sorghum varieties related to specific soil and climatic conditions has not yet been studied enough. The purpose of the current research was to study and highlight the optimal plant density of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' in the conditions of the Luhansk region. The study was carried out on the basis of the Luhansk National Agricultural University in 2018-2019. Sorghum was sown at the rate of 350.000 germinated grains per hectare. In a sprouting phase, plant density was manually formed according to the experimental scheme (from 40 to 340 thousand/ha). The study of the new early-ripening grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman', developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, showed that regardless of the moisture supply and the thermal regime during vegetation, it was advisable to grow this variety with a plant density of 140-220 thousand/ha. In the conditions of the Luhansk region with mineral nutrition N60P40, it was possible to form the productivity of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' at the level of 5.06-5.52 t/ha of grain and more. The vegetation period of the variety ‘Ataman', depending on the plant density and weather/climatic conditions of the year, was 90-102 days, which made it possible to harvest it in the 1st-2nd decade of September without additional drying of the grain. The variety did not lodge or shed its grain, and was also resistant to grain aphids.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands in Zhernovsky district forestry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Полякова ◽  
С.Г. Шурыгин
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Surrounding Areas

В связи с увеличением территорий крупных городов все больше изымается площадей биогеоценозов под строительство линейных объектов (городская инфраструктура). Это ведет к увеличению нагрузки на биогеоценозы прилегающих к объектам территорий. Одним из наиболее значимых линейных объектов Санкт-Петербурга является кольцевая автодорога (далее – КАД). Строительство и функционирование КАД приводит к нарушению связей между компонентами биогеоценозов и к изменению самих биогеоценозов. В настоящей работе изучалось влияние кольцевой автодороги вокруг Санкт- Петербурга на компонент биогеоценоза – сосновый древостой. В качестве количественного показателя роста соснового древостоя были выбраны радиальные приросты, так как их параметры отражают качество условий произрастания. При анализе радиальных приростов сосновых древостоев, помимо положения от КАД, были учтены климатические условия. Корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 3 и средней температурой за вегетационный период на 25%. Также корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 6 и суммарным количеством осадков за вегетационный период на 30%. Дисперсионный анализ показал, что влияние КАД на приросты сосновых древостоев на подтопленных опытных участках 5 и 6 достоверно и составляет 38 и 30% соответственно от всех внешних факторов, влияющих на рост древостоев. Таким образом, полученные результаты подтверждают достоверное влияние КАД, построенное с технологическими нарушениями, так как насыпь КАД на рассматриваемых участках послужила дамбой, подпирающий поток почвенно-грунтовых вод, на рост сосновых древостоев. Наиболее изменчивы приросты древостоев на подтопляемых участках с нарушенным водно-воздушным режимом. The territory of large cities is increasing, larger areas of biogeocenoses are used for the construction of linear objects (urban infrastructure). This leads to an increase of the load on the ecosystems of surrounding areas. The most significant linear object of the city of St. Petersburg is the Ring Road. The construction and operation of the Ring Road leads to the disruption of the links between the components of biogeocenoses and to changes in biogeocenoses themselves. In this paper the influence of the Ring Road of St. Petersburg on the component of biogeocenosis – pine stands was studied. The quantitative indicator of pine stands growth is radial increment. Parameters of radial increment reflect the quality of growing conditions. The influence of position of the Ring Road and climatic conditions on the radial increments of pine stands was taken into account. The correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the pine stands of site 3 and the average temperature over the vegetation period by 25%. Also, the correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the stands of site 6 and the total amount of precipitation temperature over the vegetation period by 30%. Single-factor analysis of variance showed that the influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands of underflooded sites 5 and 6 is reliable and is 38 and 30%, respectively, of all external factors affecting the growth of stands. The Ring Road was built with the construction technology infringement. The road embankment works as a dam on the way of soil water and groundwater. The obtained results confirm the reliable influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands. The most significant deviation of the increments of stands was on underflooded sites with disturbed water and air conditions.

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