scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of propitious bioactive compounds from Cassia singueana L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Bilkisu A. Adedoyin ◽  
◽  
Oluremi I. Adeniran ◽  
Aminu B. Muhammed ◽  
Sani M. Dangoggo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Cassia singueana L. is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The present work was set to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of this plant and its secondary metabolites. Three bioactive compounds, lupeol, eugenol and octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, were isolated from the root extract of the plant using bioactivity-guided normal phase column chromatography. The antioxidant effect was studied using the in vitro assays, e.g., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), superoxide anion and metal chelation methods. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia and a fungus, Candida albicans using the agar diffusion method. The MIC/MBC of the extracts were determined by the micro-dilution method. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Whilst all three compounds showed certain levels of antioxidant activity, the most prominent antimicrobial activity was observed only against S. aureus. In general, results from the work provided some evidence to support the traditional medicinal uses of C. singueana. Keywords: Detection, elucidation, phytochemical, Cassia singueana.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Chalcone and Dihydrochalcone Compounds from Uvaria chamae Roots against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koudokpon ◽  
N. Armstrong ◽  
T. V. Dougnon ◽  
L. Fah ◽  
E. Hounsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
First Time

This study presents antimicrobial properties of Uvaria chamae roots, commonly used for the treatment of various infections in south Benin. Their constituents were extracted and then fractionated in order to isolate the active ingredients. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against several multidrug-resistant bacteria using the Mueller Hilton well agar diffusion method. Results showed that ethanol extracts were highly active against Gram-positive cocci. This activity was more extensive than that measured from conventional broad-spectrum antibiotics. Indeed, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were all sensitive to this root extract. The aim of this study was to link the antimicrobial activity of the root to chemical structures. The ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis revealed for the first time the presence of ten chalcone and dihydrochalcone structures responsible for the antimicrobial activity of Uvaria chamae ethanol extracts. Two structures were described here for the first time in these roots. These findings confirm and justify the medical properties of these roots used as a traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vianna Pereira ◽  
Débora Cristina Baldoqui Bergamo ◽  
José Odair Pereira ◽  
Suzelei de Castro França ◽  
Rosemeire Cristina Linhares Rodrigues Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Endodontic Infections

This study evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa and their phases. The following microorganisms, commonly found in the oral cavity, specifically in endodontic infections, were used: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The agar-diffusion method allowed detection of the hexanic phase as an inhibitor of microbial growth. Bioautographic assays identified antimicrobial substances in the extract. The results showed the existence, in the rough hexanic phase and in its fractions, of constituents that have retention factors (Rf) in three distinct zones, thereby suggesting the presence of active constituents with chemical structures of different polarities that exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms. It may be concluded that the Arctium lappa constituents exhibited a great microbial inhibition potential against the tested endodontic pathogens.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CLITORIA TERNATEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Prathibha Md’almeida ◽  
Kiranmai S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

  Objective: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Extracts of plants and herbs such as Clitorea ternatea are used as diuretic. This work attempts to find out antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of C. ternatea roots against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.Methods: The agar well-diffusion method was done using Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The microorganism grown in peptone water was inoculated into culture medium. 4 mm diameter well punched into the agar was filled with 20 μl of aqueous and alcoholic root extracts C. ternatea extracts in various concentrations (100-25 μg/ml). The plates were incubated and antimicrobial activity was evaluated.Results: Aqueous root extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition against E. coli (ATCC 25922) 18 mm, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 14 mm, multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 15 mm. Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition of 35 mm against E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 22 mm, and multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 28 mm. C. albicanswas resistant to both extract of C. ternatea root. Conclusions: Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea is a better antibacterial agent against multidrug resistant Klebsiella species and other Gram-negative pathogens. Further, studies are required to identify active substances from the alcoholic extracts of C. ternatea for treating infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽  
Pratistha Kandel ◽  
Astha Tuladhar ◽  
Ashesh Acharya ◽  
Upendra Kadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Fungal Extracts ◽  
Taxus Wallichiana

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity of extracts from fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa ) against pathogenic microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Rachael Nkechi Eboma ◽  
Clement Olusola Ogidi ◽  
Bamidele Juliet Akinyele
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Locust Bean

Background: The challenges of multiple antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms has necessitated the need for a continuous search for new and effective antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Objectives: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from fermented condiment from Parkia biglobosa was investigated against some pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify bioactive compounds in n-hexane extract (oil). Aqueous and n-hexane extracts of locust beans were tested against clinical isolates; viz., Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas hydrophilia, Citrobacter braakii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. Results: The study revealed the phytochemicals in oil as phenols (41.8 mg/100g), flavonoids of 19.37 mg/100g, saponins (16.7 mg/100g), alkaloids (22.9 mg/100g), steroids (6.9 mg/100g), terpenoids (10.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (3.3 mg/100g). The aqueous extract contains phenols (33.7 mg/100g), flavonoids (12.3 mg/100g), alkaloids (17.6 mg/100g), saponins (5.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (1.2 mg/100g). The bioactive compounds in the n-hexane extract were ricinoleic acid, p-cymene, octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and others. Oil from fermented locust bean exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 5 mm to 14 mm against the tested isolates at 10 mg/mL, while the aqueous extract displayed inhibition zones of 4 mm to 10 mm at 10.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: The chemical constituents in locally fermented condiment (locust bean) are responsible for pronounced antimicrobial properties. Hence, the condiment can be exploited for medicinal purposes. Keywords: Fermented food, condiment, n-hexane, phytochemicals and antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of β-Sitosterol-3-O-Glucoside from Lannea Kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-008
Author(s):  
Njinga N. S. ◽  
Sule M. I. ◽  
Pateh U. U. ◽  
Hassan H. S. ◽  
Abdullahi S. T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria has led to the study of the antimicrobial activity of the compound isolated from Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea) since the active principles of many drugs found in plants are secondary metabolites. A compound was isolated using dry vacuum liquid chromatography and eluting with CHCl3 -EtOAc and monitored using TLC. 3 1 13 The glycoside was characterized using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra recorded in DMSO-d6 at 400 MHz and 125 MHz, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) was determined using broth dilution method. The compound isolated was found to be β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside. The β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (200μg/ml) was active against S. aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, B. subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 24mm to 34mm and inactive against P. aeroginosa and Proteus vulgaris. It was also active against the fungi C. albicans and C. tropicalis but inactive against C. krusei. The MIC ranged from 25 to 50 μg/ml while the MBC/MFC ranged from 50 to 200 μg/ml. These results show the wide spectrum antimicrobial activity of β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside.

scholarly journals Functional Nanostructured Oligochitosan–Silica/ Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Investigation of Their Antifungal Abilities

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy N Nguyen ◽  
Thu NM Huynh ◽  
DongQuy Hoang ◽  
Dai Hai Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Hien Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Chemical Structures

Functional hybrid materials were successfully synthesized from low-cost waste products, such as oligochitosan (OCS) obtained from chitosan (one of the main components in crab shells) and nanosilica (nSiO2) obtained from rice husk, in a 1:1 ratio (w/w), and their dispersion in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 7 was stable for over one month without aggregation. The molecular weights, chemical structures, morphologies, and crystallinities of the obtained materials were characterized by GPC, FTIR, TEM, and XRD, respectively. The antifungal effects of OCS, nSiO2, and the OCS/nSiO2 hybrid materials were investigated via a disk-diffusion method. The results showed that the nanohybrid materials had better resistance to Phytophthora infestans fungus than the individual components, and a concentration of the OCS2/nSiO2 hybrid material of 800 mg L−1 was the lowest concentration where the material completely inhibited Phytophthora infestans growth, as measured via an agar dilution method. This study not only creates a novel environmentally friendly material with unique synergistic effects that can replace current toxic agrochemicals but also can be considered a new platform for further research in green agricultural applications.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Javanese Tamarind Leaves Infusion (Tamarindus indica Linn.) in Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Suryadi ◽  
Djaja Rusmana ◽  
Endang Evacuasiany
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria that cause diarrhea. Based on Kurniawati’s research, ethanol extract of tamarind leaves has an antimicrobial effect to Escherichia coli. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect using disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tamarind leaves infusion against Escherichia coli. This research was done using a real laboratory experimental design with tamarind leaves infusion and Escherichia coli microbes as the research objects. Zones of inhibition were observed using disk diffusion method by putting the tamarind leaves infusion disks on Mueller-Hinton agars with Ampicillin antibiotic for comparison, followed by observing the MIC using macro broth dilution method  and MBC. The result of disk diffusion showed that tamarind leaves infusion had no zone of inhibition, whereas the mean value of the zones of inhibition of ampicillin is 17.2 mm. The MIC of tamarind leaves infusion is 62.5 mg/mL. Average growth of bacteria  for the MBC of tamarind leaves infusion at 125 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL concentration are 13 CFU/mL and >300 CFU/mL. It can be concluded that tamarind leaves infusion has antimicrobial activity effect against E.coli and that effect is bacteriostatic. Keywords: Tamarindus indica Linn, Escherichia coli, MIC, MBC

An efficient synthesis of some new chalcone, acetyl pyrazoline and amino pyrimidine bearing 1,3,5- triazine nucleus as potential antimicrobial and antitubercular agent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
New Class ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Amino Pyrimidine

In an attempt to find a new class of antimicrobial and antitubercular agent, a new series of chalcone, acetyl pyrazoline and amino pyrimidine bearing 1,3,5- triazine nucleus were synthesized with appropriate chemical reagent. Chalcones (D1-D5) were synthesized by the classical Claisen-Schmidt condensation of substituted ketone (C) with variously substituted aldehydes via conventional method. Now treatment of chalcones with hydrazine hydrate/glacial acetic acid and guanidine hydrochloride/Alkali afforded the corresponding acetyl pyrazoline (E1-E5) and amino pyrimidine (F1-F5) derivatives respectively. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of their FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS as well as elemental analysis. All the newly design compounds were assayed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens by the Broth dilution method and in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using Lowenstein-Jensen MIC method. Most of the compounds showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against the all tested strains. Among the synthesized compounds D1, D2, D3, E1, E3, E4, F3 and F4 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and said to be the most proficient members of the series. Compound D5 and F5 exhibited promising antitubercular activity.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

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