scholarly journals Kefir as a Prevention of Arsenic-mediated Toxicity in Uterine Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabatina Windyaningrum ◽  
◽  
Tri Yudani Mardining Raras ◽  
Bambang Rahardjo ◽  
Rose Khasana Dewi

Background: kefir is a fermented milk product that demonstrates numerous health benefits including antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Aim: to study the protective effect kefir on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in endometrial stromal cells and endometrial thickness on female rats that were exposed to arsenic. Methods: twenty-five female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups (CRL, As, T1, T2, T3). Control group (given a normal diet), As group (given the normal diet and exposed to arsenic trioxide 2 mg/kgBW/day). The T1; T2; T3 were exposed to arsenic trioxide 2 mg/kgBW/day and treated with different doses of kefir (1.25; 2.5; and 5 mL/kgBW/day, respectively) for 35 days. The rats of group As treated with arsenic trioxide only and group CRL served as control with normal feed in water. Cytological samples were taken after 35 days of treatment and examined every day to see the rat oestrus phase, and the proestrus phase of the oestrous cycle was chosen for termination. Uterine tissue fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for tissue preparation. ERα expression in endometrial stromal cells was analized using immunohistochemistry method, endometrial thickness was observed using histopathological methods. Results: significant reduction of ERα expression in endometrial stromal cells and endometrial thickness in female rats exposed to arsenic were observed in groups on treated rats (p ≤ 0.000; 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: the administration of kefir in female Wistar rats exposed to arsenic had shown significantly differences on ERα expressions and endometrial thickness. The smallest dose of kefir (1.25 mL/kgBW/day) could increase ERα expression and endometrial thickness in female Wistar rats with arsenic exposure. Therefore kefir has protective effect related to female reproductive system.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabatina Windyaningrum ◽  
Tri Yudani Mardining Raras ◽  
Bambang Rahardjo ◽  
Rose Khasana Dewi

Background: kefir is a fermented milk product that demonstrates numerous health benefits including antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Aim: to study the protective effect kefir on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in endometrial stromal cells and endometrial thickness on female rats that were exposed to arsenic. Methods: twenty-five female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups (CRL, As, T1, T2, T3). Control group (given a normal diet), As group (given the normal diet and exposed to arsenic trioxide 2 mg/kgBW/day). The T1; T2; T3 were exposed to arsenic trioxide 2 mg/kgBW/day and treated with different doses of kefir (1.25; 2.5; and 5 mL/kgBW/day, respectively) for 35 days. The rats of group As treated with arsenic trioxide only and group CRL served as control with normal feed in water. Cytological samples were taken after 35 days of treatment and examined every day to see the rat oestrus phase, and the proestrus phase of the oestrous cycle was chosen for termination. Uterine tissue fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for tissue preparation. ERα expression in endometrial stromal cells was analized using immunohistochemistry method, endometrial thickness was observed using histopathological methods. Results: significant reduction of ERα expression in endometrial stromal cells and endometrial thickness in female rats exposed to arsenic were observed in groups on treated rats (p ≤ 0.000; 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: the administration of kefir in female Wistar rats exposed to arsenic had shown significantly differences on ERα expressions and endometrial thickness. The smallest dose of kefir (1.25 mL/kgBW/day) could increase ERα expression and endometrial thickness in female Wistar rats with arsenic exposure. Therefore kefir has protective effect related to female reproductive system.


1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buffler ◽  
S. Roser

ABSTRACT The mechanisms involved in the prolongation of the oestrous cycle following LH administration were studied in 4-day cyclic female Wistar rats. In females injected with LH on the morning of dioestrus I there was an increase in ovarian venous blood progesterone as compared with non-injected animals. In both LH-treated females, and those injected with progesterone on the morning of dioestrus I, a slowing up in follicular growth was observed from the afternoon of dioestrus I. The size of follicles greater than 400 urn present in LH or progesterone injected animals on the third day of cycle was similar to the size reached by the same range of follicles in non-injected animals on the second day of the cycle. Hence, the increase in endogenous ovarian progesterone elicited by LH was considered as the cause of the slowing up of follicular growth and therefore of the lengthening of the oestrous cycle duration in female rats injected with LH at the beginning of 4-day cycle.


1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana A. Catania ◽  
Marcelo G. Luquita ◽  
María C. Carrillo ◽  
Aldo D. Mottino

In the present study we analyzed the effect of spironolactone administration on hepatic and intestinal p-nitrophenol-UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. We used microsomal preparations from male and female Wistar rats to establish whether or not this effect was sex dependent. Enzyme activity was measured in the presence of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a presumed physiological activator of the enzyme. Female but not male microsomes showed an increase in enzyme activity of both hepatic and intestinal tissue preparations in response to the inducer pretreatment. In addition, the inducer effect observed in female rats showed a tissue-related difference, since percent increase in the intestinal enzyme activity was greater than that in the liver (127 and 52%, respectively). These results suggest that factors regulating enzyme activity or mechanisms involved in the inducer effect of spironolactone could be different in the intestinal mucosa in comparison to the liver. A possible explanation of sex-related response to spironolactone administration was discussed.Key words: p-nitrophenol, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, spironolactone induction, sex differences.


Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters

An analysis of the course of infection of mixed oral infections of 12 cystacanths of Moniliformis dubius in 174 male and 179 female Wistar rats has been undertaken.There was a marked decline in the average recovery rate of worms of both sexes from hosts of both sexes during the course of the infection.Female worms from both male and female rats showed, on average, a greater power of survival than male worms from the third period (10–13 weeks) onwards.Male rats were found to retain, on average, a greater number of worms of both sexes than female rats.We wish to thank Miss Susan Arnold and Mr David Barnard for excellent technical help.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques D. Nguyen ◽  
Yanabel Grant ◽  
Tony M. Kerr ◽  
Arnold Gutierrez ◽  
Maury Cole ◽  
...  

AbstractRationaleA reduced effect of a given dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) emerges with repeated exposure to the drug. This tolerance can vary depending on THC dose, exposure chronicity and the behavioral or physiological measure of interest. A novel THC inhalation system based on e-cigarette technology has been recently shown to produce the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of THC in rats.ObjectiveTo determine if tolerance to these effects can be produced with repeated vapor inhalation.MethodsGroups of male and female Wistar rats were exposed to 30 minutes of inhalation of the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle or THC (200 mg/mL in PG) two or three times per day for four days. Rectal temperature changes and nociception were assessed after the first exposure on the first and fourth days of repeated inhalation.ResultsFemale, but not male, rats developed tolerance to the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of THC after four days of twice-daily THC vapor inhalation. Thrice daily inhalation for four days resulted in tolerance in both male and female rats. The plasma THC levels reached after a 30 minute inhalation session did not differ between the male and female rats.ConclusionsRepeated daily THC inhalation induces tolerance in female and male rats, providing further validation of the vapor inhalation method for preclinical studies.AbbreviationsPG, propylene glycol; THC; Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol;


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIN NAMDARI ◽  
FARIDEH MOHAMMADIAN ◽  
Fatemeh KHAJEH ◽  
SOUDABEH KAVOUSIPOUR ◽  
behnoosh miladpour

Abstract Background nicotine adversely affects the female reproductive system and changes the methylation pattern of some genes in the placenta. In contrast, caffeic acid phenylethyl ester) CAPE (, as a potent antioxidant, has protective effects against the harmful effects of oxygen free radical molecules, methotrexate, and pesticides on the reproductive system. To find the effect of nicotine on the endometrium, we investigated three markers of endometrium receptivity including fibroblast growth factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factors A, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and also changes in methylation levels of CXCL-12 gene promoter. In addition, we evaluated the protective effect of CAPE against nicotine. Methods the appropriate treatment dose was selected based on the literature, the endometrial stromal cells were divided into 4 groups, including control, treated with nicotine, CAPE, and nicotine followed by CAPE. Finally, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Methylation-Specific PCR were carried out. Results The results showed that treatment of endometrial stromal cells with nicotine (10− 6 µM) for 24 h significantly reduced expression of CXCL-12, FGF, and VEGFA genes. However, a decrease in CXCL-12 expression was not associated with increased methylation levels in the studied promoter region. In contrast, endometrial stromal cells treated with CAPE (4 µg/ml) for 24 h adverse significantly nicotine-induced reduction of CXCL-12, FGF, and VEGFA genes expression. Conclusion Exposure to nicotine has negative effects on uterine receptivity, implantation, and fertility, via reducing the expression of VEGFA, CXCL-12, and FGF2 genes. In contrast, CAPE has a protective effects and improves these genes expression.


Author(s):  
Akanksha Awasthi ◽  
Mamta F. Singh ◽  
Saurabh Sharma

Background: Phytoestrogens have recently become a hot topic among scientists. Phytoestrogens’ estrogen-like properties have led to their widespread use in the reproductive system. The aim of this research was to see whether the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum had any estrogenic activity in female wistar rats. Methods: In female wistar rats, the estrogenic effect was studied using a uterotropic assay, vaginal cytology and vaginal opening. In ovariectomized immature and mature female wistar rats, a 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) dose of ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum was given. Result: When compared to ovariectomized control rats, the uterine wet weight increased significantly. The estrogen-treated rats had only cornified epithelial cells, indicating the existence of oestrogen, as well as 100% vaginal opening. At 400 mg/kg b.w., the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum demonstrated promising estrogenic activity, as evidenced by uterotropic assays, vaginal opening measurements and histopathological changes. As a result of this research, it’s possible to infer that the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum play an important role in estrogenic activity in female rats.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Manizheh Karami ◽  
Fatemeh Lakzaei ◽  
MohammadReza Jalali Nadoushan

ABSTRACT Background and objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be induced in Wistar rats by over production of nitric oxide (NO). This study evaluated the efficacy of naloxone on the breeding characteristics of rats suffering from nitric oxide induced PCOS. Materials and methods Twenty-four female Wistar rats(200–250 gm) were kept as virgin under standard conditions. They were divided into four groups (n = 6). One group of the animals received L-arginine (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 9 days/once a day. Another group was administered naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to injection of L-arginine. The third group was injected solely naloxone. Control group received saline solution (1 ml/kg, i.p.). After the treatments, all female rats were coupled with the intact males. They were then separated by observation of vaginal plaques; it was considered as day 0 of pregnancy. Eventually, they were operated on days 18 to 19 of the gestation to collect the animals’ ovaries. The samples were studied for pathological evidence. The fetal number and weight along with the fetal crown-rump length (CRL) were measured. Results The ovaries obtained from the L-arginine treated group had large cysts with thickened granulosa cell layer in contrast to those of the control or naloxone treated rats (p < 0.0001). The number of fetus though showed a decrease in the L-arginine treated rats (3 ± 1), but the fetal weight or fetal CRL did not change (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study may clearly illustrate the polycystic characteristics in the L-arginine treated group. It may particularly display the breeding efficacy of naloxone in rats with PCOS. How to cite this article Karami M, Lakzaei F, Nadoushan MRJ. Naloxone Breeding Effectiveness in Rat Suffering from Nitric Oxide-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):67-72.


Author(s):  
Oyedeji K.O ◽  
Momoh R.O ◽  
Oderinde Gbenga

This study was designed to investigate the effect of penicillin on reproductive function in female Wistar rats. Fifteen female rats (120 – 160 g) were used for the estrous cycle and histopathological studies. Penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) was administered orally on daily basis for 21 and 50 days respectively for the estrous cycle and histological studies. Estrous cycle was carried out using the technique of Marcondes et al., histologies of the ovaries and uteri were also carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and student’s t-test at p=0.05. Treatment of rats for 21 days with penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.05) increments in the estrous and metestrous phases as well as a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle relative to their respective controls. The histopathological study presented with a moderate endometrial congestion. It can therefore be concluded that penicillin probably has a pro-fertility effect with a moderate deleterious effect on the uteri at histological level in female Wistar rats.


Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3607-3607
Author(s):  
Saravanan Ganesan ◽  
Ezhilarasi Chendamarai ◽  
Ansu Abu Alex ◽  
Sachin David ◽  
Giridhara R Jayandharan ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 3607 Bortezomib (Bo) has been shown to have direct cytotoxicity against malignant promyelocytes. There remain concerns about combining it with ATO. A major concern is that proteasomal inhibition by Bo could decrease ATO induced PML-RARA degradation and reduce its efficacy. In an in-vitro experiment we noted a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect when Bo (80ng/ml; a pharmacologically relevant concentration) was combined with ATO (1– 6uM) on NB4 cells (n = 12), P=0.03 (Fig 1a). We also noted that co-culture of NB4 or primary APL cells with stromal cells (Hs-5 cell line) protects them from ATO induced apoptosis and Bo can overcome this protective effect (Fig 1b). We undertook a series of experiments to address the mechanism of these observations. We observed an increased activation of NF-κB pathway in malignant promyelocytes (NB4 cells) co-cultured with stromal cells. There was a synergistic inhibition of NF-κB when a combination of ATO and Bo was used (Fig 1c). Considering potent inhibition of NF-κB pathway and the known effect of this on reactive oxygen species (ROS), we checked the level of ROS in the malignant promyelocytes and observed that there was an increase in ROS levels when compared to ATO or Bo alone treated cells (n=5; treatment for 6 hours) (Fig 1d). When the ROS was abrogated by pre-treating the NB4 cells with N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC; 5mM for 2 hrs) there was a protective effect against the ATO combined with Bo induced apoptosis at 24 hours (mean increase of 73% from 65.5%; p=0.03; n=4). Degradation of PML-RARA was seen in ATO or Bo alone treated cells at 24 hours and a similar degradation was also seen when ATO and Bo were combined (Fig 1f; n=3). Bo at the concentration used (80ng/ml) was able to block 26s proteasome complex, as a result accumulation of ubiquitinated products was seen at 24 hours followed by degradation at the end of 48 hours (Fig 1e). We then looked at autophagy as a possible alternate mechanism to explain PML-RARA degradation when a combination of ATO and Bo was used in the setting of effective proteasomal inhibition. At 24 hours, there was a evidence of induction in autophagy as shown by LC3II formation using western blot technique and this was maximum at the end of 48 hours, this time point coincides with time at which maximum PML-RARA degradation happens in this experimental setting (Fig 1f). We have also observed that there is an accumulation of p62 (ubiquitinated protein binding protein) at 24 hours and degraded by 48 hours suggests that accumulated ubiquitinated products were cleared by autophagy via p62 (Fig 1f). The induction of autophagy was further validated by real time-PCR where autophagy genes atg5 and beclin1 levels were significantly increased by 3.1 fold (p=0.01) and 2.1 fold (p=0.03) respectively. Blocking autophagy by 3-methyl adenine or chloroquine did not enhance survival but paradoxically appeared to further enhance cell death (n= 3; p=0.02) though there was partial inhibition in the degradation of PML-RARA (data not shown). We have also observed that there was a synergistic and more rapid increase in apoptosis when ATO and Bo were combined as evidenced by an enhanced degradation of caspase3 (Fig 1f). Preliminary phase I data in 4 patients is summarized in table 1. Patients received Bo in induction and in consolidation once a week for 4 weeks along with ATO. Two cases, due to financial constraints, could not have a stem cell transplant (SCT) in molecular remission. In summary the combination of these drugs was well tolerated and durable CR3 and CR2 was obtained even in cases that did not have a SCT in remission. None of these cases have relapsed at a median follow up of 14.5 months. In conclusion blocking 26s proteasomal complex by Bo does not alter the efficacy of ATO, instead Bo synergizes with ATO. The mechanism of this synergy is multi-factorial and appears to be predominantly due to increase in ROS activity and increased apoptosis. Additionally stromal cell mediated protection against ATO induced apoptosis is overcome by addition of Bo. Observed degradation of PML-RARA by ATO+Bo could be explained by induction of autophagy in these cells. Table 1: Summary of cases and duration of CR prior and post remission induction with arsenic trioxide and bortezomib Case Age Sex Relapse number Duration of last CR (months) Prior autologous SCT Post remission SCT Duration of current CR (months) RS 25 M R2 19 Yes No 19 BJ 31 M R1 15 No Yes (auto) 15 TK 35 M R2 24 Yes Yes (MUD) 14 SS 34 F R1 19 No No 13 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


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