Parameters of water consumption associated with the microclimate of an orchard of jaboticaba trees in southern Brazil

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Cristiano Knevitz Prua
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

This work aimed to quantify the evapotranspiration and to evaluate the microclimate of an orchard of jaboticaba trees [Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts]. Field studies were carried out in Porto Alegre, RS, in humid subtropical climate. The orchard was implanted in 2005, with plant spacing of 4.5m x 4.5m. Air temperature and relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), inside and outside the canopy, and soil moisture were monitored continuously. The evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) was calculated by the decrease of the soil-water storage. The ETc/ETo ratio was determined by linear regression analysis, with ETo being the reference evapotranspiration. The relative humidity was higher inside than outside the canopy, with similar trend in air temperature. The interception efficiency of PAR increased from 80% in autumn-winter to 92% in spring-summer. ETc followed evaporative demand and leaf area, ranging from 0.3 to 3.2 mm day-1 in winter and from 0.2 to 5.0 mm day-1 in the summer. Most of the soil-water extraction occurred between 0 and 40 cm depth. The ETc/ETo ratio (assumed as Kc coefficient) was 0.95, ranging from 0.90 in winter to 1.06 in summer. Regression analyzes were effective in determining the ETc/ETm ratio, with better performance at high evaporative demand.

A Hydrological Study of a Subtropical Semiarid Forest of Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. Ex Benth. (Brigalow)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Tunstall ◽  
DJ Connor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Stem Flow

Water input, soil water storage and plant water status were measured at monthly intervals over 2� years In a mature brigalow (Acacla harpophylla) forest. Redistribution of rainfall by the canopy was slight and stem flow averaged only 1.8%, but the direct loss of intercepted water accounted for 15% of the Annual ramfall In the wettest condltlon the soil stored 890 mm of water to a depth of 3 m The minimum sod water store measured under severe drought conditions was 840 mm when the dawn values of plant water potential were -6.8 MPa The soil water potentials below 1 m were consistently around -3.5 MPa due largely to high salt concentrations The tendency in a drying soil was towards a uniform profile of soil water potentlal, and soil water at depths below 1 m was extracted only when dawn plant water potentials were less than - 3.5 MPa Over monthly Intervals the maximum and minimum rates of evapotransplratlon were 3.3 and 0 .46 mm/d respectively, and the pattern of community water use was related to rainfall and not to potentlal evaporation. To survive in such an environment the plants develop and withstand extremely low water potentials associated wlth the low availability of water and the high evaporative demand.

Water use of sunflower crops

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (97) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

The potential, or energy-limited evapotranspiration, and the actual, or soil water-limited evapotranspiration functions of sunflower were estimated by lysimetry and field soil water measurements. The functions show that peak water demand by the crop is in the immediate post-anthesis period and that sunflower is capable of restricting its water use when some 70% of the maximum available water remains in the root zone. With the aid of these functions, weekly estimates were made of the water use of thirteen commercial sunflower crops in northern New South Wales. Estimated water use ranged from 150 to 320 mrn and water use efficiencies from 1.9 to 10.5 kg seed mm-1 water used. Highest yields and water use efficiencies were associated with a combination of high total water supply (soil water at sowing plus rainfall during growth of 380 mm or more) high water use (220 mm or more) and low evaporative demand (below 780 mm of pan evaporation). Based on the water use characteristics of the crop the optimal sowing time in most areas is mid summer. However, spring sowings may be preferable for winter rainfall areas where soil water storage capacity is high and there is only a small component of summer rain. Crops sown in spring, even with high stored soil water (up to 200 mm) failed to yield as well as those sown in summer with much lower soil water storage.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a data logger for thermal characterization in laying hen facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia C. da S. R. Freitas ◽  
Ilda de F. F. Tinôco ◽  
Richard S. Gates ◽  
Matteo Barbari ◽  
Márcia G. L. Cândido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Calibration Equations

ABSTRACT The environmental monitoring in animal facilities that includes collected data storage in a robust, practical and feasible way is a constant challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable data logger for monitoring the air temperature and air relative humidity of aviaries and to assess the adequacy of the design using commercially available reference standard instruments. The experimental data logger was installed together with a commercial data logger, a mercury thermometer and a calibrated Vaisala HMP110 air relative humidity probe in a meteorological shelter. Linear regression analysis was performed with the collected air temperature and air relative humidity to develop calibration equations. The Nash-Sutcliffe Index and the relative error were calculated to validate the experimental data logger. The air temperature and the air relative humidity calibration equations presented Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.993 and -0.281 for the commercial data logger, and 0.913 and 0.932 for the experimental data. The mean relative error of the air temperature readings was 3 and 1% and for air relative humidity 5 and 20%, for the experimental and commercial logger, respectively. The experimental data logger reliably stored all collected data without error to the micro-SD card. The experimental data logger can be considered low-cost and sufficiently accurate for monitoring air temperature and air relative humidity in aviaries, presenting field performance very close to the commercial data logger for air temperature measurement, and better performance than the commercial data logger for the measurement of air relative humidity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mulching with Straw on the Field Microclimate and Ginger Growth

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 778C-778
Author(s):  
Kun Xu* ◽  
Xiufeng Wang ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth And Yield

Mulching with straw increase soil water content, air relative humidity and air temperature, but decreased soil temperature. Though mulching with straw didn't change light intensity, ginger growth and yield were the same as shading. The growth and yield under shading and mulching with straw were both higher than that of naked soil.

Effect of Soil Water Stress and Soil Temperature on Translocation of Diuron

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Sedgley ◽  
L. Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Gaines) were determined as functions of time, under controlled conditions of moderate soil water stress and soil temperature, after treatment of the roots with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron). Air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and air movement were maintained constant. The rate of photosynthesis declined with time for all plants treated with diuron but not for the controls. No change in the rate of respiration was detected. The rate of transpiration decreased slightly immediately upon application of the diuron and then remained constant. The data indicate that soil temperature and soil water stress play important roles in the herbicidal action of diuron applied to the soil.

scholarly journals Water potential in peach branches as a function of soil water storage and evaporative demand of the atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Becker Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Reisser Júnior ◽  
Luciano Recart Romano ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Marcos Toebe
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract The use of water potential indicators in the plant has been adopted in irrigation management, in recent years, since it is accepted that the plant is the best indicator of its own water status. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between water potential in peach tree branches and the evaporative demand of the atmosphere and the water availability in two textural classes of an Aquertic Hapludalf soil, aiming to adopt irrigation management strategies based on the water potential in the plant. Research was carried out in a commercial peach orchard, cv. Esmeralda, in the municipality of Morro Redondo-Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four peach tree rows were evaluated, being two irrigated and two non irrigated. The irrigation management was based on the replacement of the potential crop evapotranspiration. It was concluded that the water potential in the peach tree branch is positively related with the evaporative demand of the atmosphere and negatively related with soil water storage. Future studies should adopt irrigation management strategies for peach trees based on the water potential mainly for the irrigation management of post-harvest peach trees.

scholarly journals Detrended Multiple Cross-Correlation Coefficient applied to solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea de Almeida Brito ◽  
Heráclio Alves de Araújo ◽  
Gilney Figueira Zebende
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Cross Correlations

AbstractDue to the importance of generating energy sustainably, with the Sun being a large solar power plant for the Earth, we study the cross-correlations between the main meteorological variables (global solar radiation, air temperature, and relative air humidity) from a global cross-correlation perspective to efficiently capture solar energy. This is done initially between pairs of these variables, with the Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, ρDCCA, and subsequently with the recently developed Multiple Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2. We use the hourly data from three meteorological stations of the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology located in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Initially, with the original data, we set up a color map for each variable to show the time dynamics. After, ρDCCA was calculated, thus obtaining a positive value between the global solar radiation and air temperature, and a negative value between the global solar radiation and air relative humidity, for all time scales. Finally, for the first time, was applied $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2 to analyze cross-correlations between three meteorological variables at the same time. On taking the global radiation as the dependent variable, and assuming that $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}={\bf{1}}$$DMCx2=1 (which varies from 0 to 1) is the ideal value for the capture of solar energy, our analysis finds some patterns (differences) involving these meteorological stations with a high intensity of annual solar radiation.

scholarly journals Effects of trees, gardens, and nature trails on heat index and child health: design and methods of the Green Schoolyards Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lanza ◽  
Melody Alcazar ◽  
Deanna M. Hoelscher ◽  
Harold W. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Nature Trails

Abstract Background Latinx children in the United States are at high risk for nature-deficit disorder, heat-related illness, and physical inactivity. We developed the Green Schoolyards Project to investigate how green features—trees, gardens, and nature trails—in school parks impact heat index (i.e., air temperature and relative humidity) within parks, and physical activity levels and socioemotional well-being of these children. Herein, we present novel methods for a) observing children’s interaction with green features and b) measuring heat index and children’s behaviors in a natural setting, and a selection of baseline results. Methods During two September weeks (high temperature) and one November week (moderate temperature) in 2019, we examined three joint-use elementary school parks in Central Texas, United States, serving predominantly low-income Latinx families. To develop thermal profiles for each park, we installed 10 air temperature/relative humidity sensors per park, selecting sites based on land cover, land use, and even spatial coverage. We measured green features within a geographic information system. In a cross-sectional study, we used an adapted version of System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to assess children’s physical activity levels and interactions with green features. In a cohort study, we equipped 30 3rd and 30 4th grade students per school during recess with accelerometers and Global Positioning System devices, and surveyed these students regarding their connection to nature. Baseline analyses included inverse distance weighting for thermal profiles and summing observed counts of children interacting with trees. Results In September 2019, average daily heat index ranged 2.0 °F among park sites, and maximum daily heat index ranged from 103.4 °F (air temperature = 33.8 °C; relative humidity = 55.2%) under tree canopy to 114.1 °F (air temperature = 37.9 °C; relative humidity = 45.2%) on an unshaded playground. 10.8% more girls and 25.4% more boys interacted with trees in September than in November. Conclusions We found extreme heat conditions at select sites within parks, and children positioning themselves under trees during periods of high heat index. These methods can be used by public health researchers and practitioners to inform the redesign of greenspaces in the face of climate change and health inequities.

scholarly journals Regression Models for Soil Water Storage Estimation Using the ESA CCI Satellite Soil Moisture Product: A Case Study in Northeast Portugal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tomás de Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Caroline Royer ◽  
Felícia Fonseca ◽  
Fabiana Costa de Araújo Schütz ◽  
Zulimar Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
The Relationship

The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (ESA CCI SM) product provides soil moisture estimates from radar satellite data with a daily temporal resolution. Despite validation exercises with ground data that have been performed since the product’s launch, SM has not yet been consistently related to soil water storage, which is a key step for its application for prediction purposes. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between soil water storage (S), which was obtained from soil water balance computations with ground meteorological data, and soil moisture, which was obtained from radar data, as affected by soil water storage capacity (Smax). As a case study, a 14-year monthly series of soil water storage, produced via soil water balance computations using ground meteorological data from northeast Portugal and Smax from 25 mm to 150 mm, were matched with the corresponding monthly averaged SM product. Linear (I) and logistic (II) regression models relating S with SM were compared. Model performance (r2 in the 0.8–0.9 range) varied non-monotonically with Smax, with it being the highest at an Smax of 50 mm. The logistic model (II) performed better than the linear model (I) in the lower range of Smax. Improvements in model performance obtained with segregation of the data series in two subsets, representing soil water recharge and depletion phases throughout the year, outlined the hysteresis in the relationship between S and SM.

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