scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions on the formation of the components of the chemical composition of cherry fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
O. Vasylyshyna ◽  
Je. Postolenko
Author(s):  
Luděk Hřivna ◽  
Rostislav Richter ◽  
Pavel Ryant ◽  
Michal Příkopa

In small-plot experiments established in 2001–2004 we studied the effect of the chemical composition of the plant dry matter of spring barley, varieties Kompakt and Jersey, on grain yields. A re­la­ti­ve­ly strong correlation was confirmed between the chemical composition of the plant dry matter and yields. The correlation was most intensive in the case of nitrogen (r = 0.536), phosphorus (r = 0.503), magnesium (r = 0.464) and sulphur (r = 0.431) at the beginning of shooting (DC 30); in the case of potassium (r = 0.557) at the beginning of tillering (DC 23) and calcium (r = 0.530) during ear formation (DC 55). A relatively strong correlation remained from the beginning of tillering to the beginning of ear formation and later decreased. The weather conditions of the year and variety significantly affected grain yields and also the previous crop was important. Grain yields of the variety Kompakt were statistically significantly lower than of the variety Jersey (6.02 t . ha−1 and 6.45 t . ha−1, respectively). The yields of barley grown after sugar-beet were the highest (6.30–6.79 t . ha−1); the grain yields of barley after maize decreased by 9.1–9.7 %. Higher grain yields of the Jersey variety resulted in levels of ­N-substances (11.35 %) lower than in the Kompakt variety (11.35 % and 11.60 %, resp.). No correlation was discovered between the nitrogen level in the plant dry matter during vegetation and the content of ­N-substances in barley grain.


2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czubaszek

The effects of genotype and environment on selected traits of oat grain and flour The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of variety properties of oat cultivars and environmental conditions on physical traits and chemical composition of grain and flour. Nine oat cultivars had been grown in the experimental plots (stations) located in two experimental stations in Jelenia Góra and Bobrowniki. The samples were collected in two harvest years. As it has been found, the genetic factors affected physical traits of the grain. The chemical composition of oat grain depended to a large extent on the weather conditions during the growing season. The genetic factors affected only total protein content of the oat grain. The grain of the oat cultivars under investigation was high in total protein but low in starch. Its proteolytic and amylolytic activities were on average levels. Total protein and pentosan content as well as proteolytic activity of the oat flour were lower than those of grain, but starch content and the falling number were higher.


2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-490
Author(s):  
Maria GAWEDA ◽  
Elzbieta JEDRSZCZYK ◽  
Barbara SKOWERA ◽  
Renata JEDRZEJCZAK ◽  
Krystyna SZYMCZYK

Ethephon is used to accelerate fruit ripening on plantations with well-developed plants which have formed a large quantity of fruits. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethephon on the chemical composition of the fruits of seven cultivars of processing tomato (‘Rumba’, ‘Hubal’, ‘Sokal’ F1, ‘Mieszko’ F1, ‘Polset’ F1, ‘Hysioux’ F1 and ‘AF1120’ F1), applied to the plants when most of the fruits had reached the mature-green stage. The study was conducted during three consecutiveyears, characterized by different weather conditions. Meteorological elements, i.e. air temperature and precipitation totals, were monitored in the experimental station in Mydlniki, near Krakow, Poland. Ethephon was found to have a beneficial effect on the content of extract and soluble sugars of the harvested tomatoes and on their acidity. Dry matter and lycopene levels were not dependent on the use of this compound, while the ascorbic acid content was reduced by the procedure. The chemicalcomposition of the tomato fruits differed significantly in consecutive years of the study, which confirmed the weather impact on fruit quality and on the varied responses of different cultivars to use of ethephon. The tested cultivars were also compared in terms of their suitability for processing. The ‘Hubal’ cultivar had the highest content of dry matter, extract, soluble sugars of all the cultivars tested. The highest level of lycopene was noted for the tomatoes of the ‘Rumba’ and ‘Sokal’ F1 cultivar, ascorbic acid of the ‘Rumba’ and the highest acidity for ‘AF 1120’ F1.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Josef Hakl ◽  
Jiri Skladanka ◽  
Joanna Dłużniewska

Due to the rapid shrinking of supply of mineral nutrients as well as observed weather fluctuations in throughout Europe in recent ten years, sustainable phosphorus fertilisation has become an important aspect of legume cultivation. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on the pea seed yield and quality in water poor conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the seed yield and seed chemical composition of selected pea cultivars in response to the level of P fertilisation and weather conditions across three consecutive years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to assess the proportion of variability of tested variables (seed quality traits) that could be explained by explanatory variables (year, cultivar, fertilisation). Temporary soil drought during flowering stage resulted in a significant increase in yield only after high level of phosphorus application (140 kg ha–1). This indicates that phosphorus significantly mitigated the effect of water shortage. In a dry year, pea had high concentration of fat and fibre in seeds, while in very humid year the opposite response was observed. RDA analysis proved that year effect explained over 50% variability, whereas cultivar and P fertilisation explained only 14.2% of variability. The effect of P fertilisation was only marginal (1.6%) in comparison with cultivar selection (12.6%). Interaction of pea cultivars with fertilisation shows a consistent tendency towards increase of crude protein under higher phosphorus doses for cultivars ‘Tarchalska’ and ‘Protecta’ whereas opposite tendency was observed for ‘Batuta’ and ‘Tinker’. It can be concluded that suitable cultivar selection gives a much greater opportunity to affect pea chemical composition than P fertilisation.


1926 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Ernest Woodman ◽  
Denzil Layton Blunt ◽  
James Stewart

An account has been given of an investigation into the seasonal changes in the productivity, botanical and chemical composition, and nutritive value of pasture grass, the work constituting the initial stage of a comprehensive study of the nutritive properties of different types of pasture. The pasture on which the work was carried out was situated on a light sandy soil of low water-retaining capacity; the pasturage was of medium quality.Grazing was imitated by the daily use of a motor-mowing machine, the system of cutting being such as to ensure the whole plot being cut over once per week. The season was divided into ten periods, each period corresponding with the duration of a digestion trial carried out on two wether sheep. The main feature of the weather conditions during the season was the extremely low rainfall during the period from early June to mid-July.The pasture plot results were compared with corresponding results obtained from contiguous plots which were allowed to grow for hay, and from which, after removal of hay, several successive aftermath cuts were taken. The main findings of the investigation are summarised below:Seasonal changes in the botanical composition of the herbage. Although precise and systematic botanical analyses of the herbage of the pasture were not carried out, yet careful surveys made at an early and a late date in the season, together with general observations made during the whole course of the experiment, enabled interesting conclusions to be drawn in respect of the seasonal activity and persistency of the different species of grasses in the sward. During the spring season,Bromus mollis, Lolium perenne, Poa annuaandPoa trivialisaccounted for almost 80 per cent, of the herbage.


2021 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
N.A. Pershina ◽  
E.S. Semenets ◽  
M.T. Pavlova ◽  
P.F. Svistov

Author(s):  
О.А. ЗАХАРОВА

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение эффективности препарата Гумистар на горохе посевном. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы изучен химический состав препарата на основе биогумуса, который сейчас общеизвестен и эффективен для сельскохозяйственных культур из-за высокого содержания питательных для растений веществ, улучшающих рост и развитие растений и, как следствие, повышающих урожайность. Исследования выполнены в КФХ Белоусов И.В. Старожиловского района при погодных условиях, близких к среднемноголетним. В опыте использовался препарат Гумистар при замачивании семян, опрыскивании растений гороха и поливе в разных комбинациях. Гумистар – это концентрированная жидкая форма биогумуса, представляющая водную вытяжку гуминовых веществ и микроэлементов. Для производства препарата использовался биогумус, произведенный червями в ОАО «Агрофирма «Грин-ПИКъ». Вода для приготовления раствора препарата бралась из пруда, расположенного в 20 м от горохового поля. По возделыванию зернобобовых Рязанская область стоит на 8-м месте в России, а по производству гороха – на 6-м. По площади посевы гороха занимают в регионе 14 место, им засевается свыше 3 % всех площадей, то есть более 29 тыс. га. Около 83 тыс. т зерна собирается в среднем в год. Объект исследования – горох посевной (Pisumsativum), относится к семейству Fabaceae, роду Pisum, у которого на метаморфизированных корнях формируются клубеньки. Вследствие этого наблюдается разная интенсивность потребления питательных веществ и воды в онтогенезе. Результаты. Поливы и опрыскивание растений гороха посевного препаратом Гумистар позволили достоверно доказать высокую агрономическую и экономическую эффективность на варианте 2 при поливах и опрыскивании: активизацию ферментов; увеличение массы клубеньков на корнях до 69 мг/растение; улучшение роста до 57 см и развития растений на 5-15 суток; рост урожая гороха до 27,7 ц/га; накопление сухого вещества в семенах до 59 г; рост уровня рентабельности до 80,7 %. Заключение. В результате исследования была установлена агрономическая и экономическая эффективность препарата Гумистар на горохе посевном при поливах и опрыскивании растений. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this research was to study the efciency of preparation Humistar on pea. Methodology. To achieve the research purpose and answer the questions, the chemical composition of the preparation based on biohumus was studied, which is now generally known and efective for agricultural crops due to the high content of nutrients for plants, which improve their growth and development and, as a result, increase the yield. The research was carried out at peasant farm Belousov I.V. in Starozhilovsky district when weather conditions close to the average annual. Preparation Humistar was used in the experiment, when soaking seeds, spraying pea plants and watering in various combinations. Humistar is a concentrated liquid form of biohumus, which is an aqueous extract of humic substances and minor elements. To produce the preparation, biohumus was used, produced by worms at OJSC "Agrofrm "Green-PIK". To produce the solution of the preparation, water was taken from a pond located 20 m from the pea feld. Ryazan oblast ranks 8th in Russia for the cultivation of legumes, and 6th for the production of peas. In terms of area, pea crops occupy the 14th place in the region, over 3 % of all areas are sown with them, that is, more than 29 thousand hectares. About 83 thousand tons of grain is harvested on average per year. The object of the study is pea (Pisum sativum), belonging to Fabaceae family, genus Pisum, having nodules on the metamorphosed roots. As a result, there is a diferent intensity of consumption of nutrients and water in ontogenesis. Results. Watering and spraying of pea plants with Humistar preparation made it possible to reliably prove high agronomic and economic efciency in option 2: activation of enzymes, an increase in the mass of nodules on roots to 69 mg/plant, improvement of growth to 57 cm and plant development by 5-15 days, an increase in the yield of peas up to 27.7 dt/ha, accumulation of dry matter in seeds up to 59 g and an increase in the level of proftability up to 80.7 %. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the agronomic and economic efciency of preparation Humistar on pea was established when watering and spraying plants.


Author(s):  
Yuri Zhurenko

The chemical composition and nutritional value of alfalfa hay are influenced by: climatic conditions, soils, phase of development in the period of mowing mass, variety, technology of cultivation and harvesting, etc. Hay harvesting is associated with high nutrient losses due to leaf loss and inflorescence or significant energy consumption for artificial drying. Mechanical losses often exceed 40% or more, with more than half of them occurring in the field operations: mowing, flattening, stirring, raking and weight gain. The question of the impact of the multiplicity of technological operations on the processing of the roll by elastic working bodies when harvesting hay from alfalfa on the chemical composition has not been sufficiently studied, which was the purpose of the research.Field technological experiments were carried out on pure crops of alfalfa of the blue Vinnychanka variety in different weather conditions. The results obtained by us in the field technological experiments show that the multiplicity of cultivation of the roll in the process of harvesting alfalfa for hay and weather conditions to some extent affect its quality and nutrient content in it. Thus, the protein content in the initial mass (first experiment) was 15.61, in the hay prepared without the use of roll processing - 13.43, using a single treatment - 14.81, twice - 13.69 and three times 13.65% in dry matter.According to the results of the research, it was found that the hay harvested using single roll processing had the highest carotene content in natural mass - 32.4 mg / kg in the first and 30.4 mg / kg in the second experiments.No significant difference in the variants of experiments was observed in the content of ash and minerals, calcium and phosphorus. By all indicators of nutrient content, the technology of hay harvesting with the use of one-time processing of the roll per day was the best.


2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak

Investigations carried out in 2005-2006 related to the growth, flowering, and yielding of selected basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) varieties. The most important biometric traits, number of days from sowing till flowering, size of fresh and air-dried herb weight, and essential oil content in dried material, were determined. Great morphological and developmental as well as chemical composition differentiation was found for studied basil varieties. Plants of 'Sweet' cv. were characterized by the largest height (53.4 cm) and side shoot number (16), 'Lemon' - by the largest plant diameter (42.3 cm). The number of days till flowering depended on weather conditions and the variety, and it amounted from 44 to 126. Basil flowers were white, pink, and violet. Herb yield depended on the variety and growth conditions. Differences in the amount and yield of essential oil from basil were also recorded. The largest amounts of oil (1.55%) were accumulated by 'Bush' cv.


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