Carcinogenic risk assessment in population living in the ecologically problematic areas of Irkutsk region

Author(s):  
N. V. Yefi mova ◽  
I. V. Myl’nikova ◽  
M. V. Kuz’mina ◽  
L. G. Lisetskaya ◽  
Ye. Ye. Loznevaya

Irkutsk region is among territories of intense industrial development. Considerable part of the regional population is long exposed to chemical pollutants of environmental objects. Th e authors evaluated carcinogenic risk for the population of industrial centers and rural area. Findings are that maximal carcinogenic risk is carried by the urban population. Aggregated carcinogenic risk parameters evaluation proved inhalation to be a priority route of exposure. Irkutsk region appeared to have territories with high carcinogenic risk for public health. Among a list of chemicals in the ambient air are priority carcinogens: six-valent chromium and lead. The evidences necessitate measures on the risks minimization. Due to absent data on carcinogens content of drinkable water in some rural area, the necessity is to evaluate risk for the rural population by studies of drinkable water quality that does not match hygienic regulations, because oral one is a main route of carcinogens intake.

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Yuriy I. Stepkin ◽  
Oleg V. Klepikov ◽  
Semyon A. Kurolap

Introduction. The high level of environmental pollution in industrial cities, including carcinogens, causes an unacceptable risk to public health. In this regard, a quantitative risk assessment is required to develop preventive measures to reduce it. The aim of the study was to assess the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of an industrialized city, caused by the probable presence of carcinogens in the ambient air, drinking water of the centralized water supply system, and the soil of the residential area. Material and research methods. The laboratory control of the content of carcinogens in environmental objects of the city of Voronezh for 2017-2020 was used as the reference data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed under the provisions of Guideline R. 2.1.10.1920-04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment.” Results. Taking into account the regional peculiarities of the composition of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, 1,3-butadiene (source - production of synthetic rubber) should be classified as priority carcinogens requiring systematic monitoring and measures to reduce emissions and, accordingly, concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air and chromium6+ compounds (the main source is an aircraft plant), which contribute 69.9-75.7% and 21.7-26.9%, respectively, to the total values of the individual carcinogenic risk, which exceeds the maximum permissible level (1 • 10-4). The carcinogenic risk from exposure to drinking water pollutants (halogenated organic substances) and soil (under the scenario of accidental ingestion by preschool children) is below the maximum permissible risk (1 • 10-4). Conclusion. It is necessary to pay attention to increasing the sensitivity of the applied laboratory control methods, expanding the list of controlled carcinogenic pollutants, improving the monitoring system of carcinogens, and implementing measures to reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with atmospheric air pollution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4933
Author(s):  
Saimar Pervez ◽  
Ryuta Maruyama ◽  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Satoshi Nakai

Ambient air pollution and its exposure has been a worldwide issue and can increase the possibility of health risks especially in urban areas of developing countries having the mixture of different air pollution sources. With the increase in population, industrial development and economic prosperity, air pollution is one of the biggest concerns in Pakistan after the occurrence of recent smog episodes. The purpose of this study was to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to provide a better understanding of air exposure and to depict the spatial patterns of air pollutants within the city. Land use regression model was developed for Lahore city, Pakistan using the average seasonal concentration of NO2 and considering 22 potential predictor variables including road network, land use classification and local specific variable. Adjusted explained variance of the LUR models was highest for post-monsoon (77%), followed by monsoon (71%) and was lowest for pre-monsoon (70%). This is the first study conducted in Pakistan to explore the applicability of LUR model and hence will offer the application in other cities. The results of this study would also provide help in promoting epidemiological research in future.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Saxena ◽  
Shalini Shekhawat

With the development of society along with an escalating population, the concerns regarding public health have cropped up. The quality of air becomes primary concern regarding constant increase in the number of vehicles and industrial development. With this concern, several indices have been proposed to indicate the pollutant concentrations. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework to formulate a Cumulative Index (CI) on the basis of an individual concentration of four major pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10). Further, a supervised learning algorithm based classifier is proposed. This classifier employs support vector machine (SVM) to classify air quality into two types, that is, good or harmful. The potential inputs for this classifier are the calculated values of CIs. The efficacy of the classifier is tested on the real data of three locations: Kolkata, Delhi, and Bhopal. It is observed that the classifier performs well to classify the quality of air.


2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
N. A. Selyanskaya ◽  
E. A. Bereznyak ◽  
A. V. Trishina ◽  
I. R. Simonova ◽  
L. A. Egiazaryan ◽  
...  

Aim. The aim was to develop an integrated online and updated geographic information system (GIS) for the systematiza tion and analysis of information on V. cholerae El Tor antibiotic resistance.Material and methods. The method of serial dilutions in a dense nutrient medium (MUK 4.2.2495-09) was used to determine the sensitivity/resistance to 22 antibacterial preparations of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from people and from aquatic environmental objects in Russia in 2005–2016. The development of the Internet version of the GIS was carried out using programming languages HTML, JavaScript and PHP and cartographic data obtained from the corporation Rostelecom (Russia) and the community OpenStreetMap.Results. A comparative analysis of the antibiotic resistance of the strains by regions of the Russian Federation and by isolation time showed an increase of strains resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin and furazolidone, the appearance of cultures resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, reduced resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in 2012–2016 compared to 2005–2009. In the Stavropol Krai, the isolated V. cholerae O1 El Tor were characterized by resistance to furazolidone (33.3%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%); in the Primorsky Krai — to ampicillin, streptomycin, rifampicin (7%), furazolidone (43%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%); in the Irkutsk region and Kalmykia, to ampicillin (8.3% and 11%), furazolidone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11% and 89%).Conclusion. The GIS developed allows to collect and analyze information on the antibiotic resistance of V. cholerae O1 El Tor, and to select the strains for given properties.


2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
P.Z. Shur ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
А.А. Khasanova ◽  
К.V. Chetverkina ◽  
...  

Recently multiple new toxicological and epidemiologic data on negative effects produced by chemicals have become available; given that, it is necessary to improve quantitative criteria applied in health risk assessment. It is advisable to revise previously established reference concentrations and to make more precise lists of organs and systems affected by a chemical in concentrations which are either equal to reference one or exceed it. Our research aim was to establish a reference concentration for benzene and additional quantitative indicators of its effects (additional reference concentrations) on specific organs and systems under chronic inhalation exposure; another aim was to determine average annual MPC verified as per permissible lifetime carcinogenic risk using evolution models. The research allowed recommending 0.005 mg/m3 to be used as a reference concentration under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene; a decrease in quantity of B-lymphocytes was recommended as a critical effect since this decrease might produce negative effects on the blood and immune system. Additional reference concen-trations for benzene were fixed at 0.007 mg/m3 for the liver as a critical organ and 0.012 mg/mg3 for violated process of organism development as a critical effect. They can be used as additional indicators for assessing non-carcinogenic health risks under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene in its elevated concentrations. Our research results were used to substantiate average annual MPC for benzene in ambient air; its recommended value was 0.005 mg/m3 since it provided safety (absence of impermis-sible (unacceptable) lifetime health risk), probable carcinogenic effects taken into account.


Author(s):  
Одон Борисович Дашинамжилов ◽  
Виктория Васильевна Лыгденова

В статье рассматриваются миграции бурятского народа в районах преимущественного расселения в 1959–1989 гг. Анализируются источники и методы исследования этнических миграций. Изучена территориальная специфика пространственных перемещений бурятского населения на фоне миграционных тенденций в России в целом и в восточных районах, в частности. Вычислен его механический прирост/убыль в Иркутской и Читинской областях, Бурятской АССР, определены исторические условия, факторы и географические направления миграций, роль сельско-городских перемещений. Выявлено, что буряты Иркутской области обладали самой высокой мобильностью, благодаря тесным контактам с русским населением, интенсивному аграрному и промышленному развитию региона, из-за чего механический отток из области достиг больших размеров. Если вначале была велика доля так называемых «внутренних миграций», в районах основного расселения, то постепенно роль экономических перемещений усилилась, а роль Бурятской АССР как центра притяжения ослабла. У бурят БАССР на протяжении всего рассматриваемого периода было положительное сальдо миграции за счет притока из Предбайкалья и Читинской области. Миграционная подвижность этноса здесь была значительно ниже, чем в Иркутской области, а масштабы сельско-городских миграций были невелики из-за сравнительно невысоких темпов экономического развития и менее тесных контактов с русским населением. Вместе с тем, приток бурятского населения в республику в изучаемый период последовательно снижался. В Читинской области демографический переход у бурятского населения шел медленнее, чем в других регионах преимущественного расселения. В этой связи миграционная мобильность этноса была очень низкой. Регион исторически отличался самыми невысокими темпами роста промышленного производства, меньшей была интенсивность аграрных переселений. В результате буряты области дольше сохраняли традиционные виды хозяйствования, доля городских жителей была небольшой, распространенность русского языка была невысокой. Мобильность бурят усилилась в 1970-е гг., в основном миграции были направлены в БАССР. Роль республики как региона вселения упала лишь в 1980-е гг. The paper studies migration patterns of the Buryat people in the areas with dense Buryat population in 1959–1989. The sources and methods of studying ethnic migrations are analyzed. The territorial specifics of movements of the Buryat population in the context of migration trends in Russia in general and in the Eastern regions in particular are examined. Net migration rate in the Irkutsk and Chita regions and the Buryat ASSR was calculated. Historical conditions, factors and geographical directions of migration, and the role of rural-urban movements were identified. It was revealed that the Buryats of the Irkutsk region had the highest mobility, due to close contacts with the Russian population, intensive agricultural and industrial development of the region, which is why the migration outflow from the region dramatically increased. At first, most migrations were within the studied areas, but then the role of economic movements gradually increased, and the role of the Buryat ASSR as a center of attraction weakened. During the entire period under review, the Buryats of the BASSR had a positive net migration rate due to inflows from the Baikal region and the Chita region. The migration mobility of this ethnic group was significantly lower than in the Irkutsk region, and the rural-urban migration rate was low due to relatively slow economic development and less contacts with the Russian population. At the same time, the influx of Buryat population to the Republic in the studied period consistently decreased. In the Chita region, the demographic transition of the Buryat population was slower than in other regions under consideration. The region has historically had the lowest industrial production growth rates, and the agricultural migrations were less intensive. As a result, the Buryats of the Chita region had long maintained traditional economies, the share of urban residents was low, and Russian language use was not widespread. The mobility of the Buryats increased in the 1970s, and migrations were mainly directed to the BASSR. The role of the Republic as a destination for migrant flows only declined in the 1980s.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Tiwari ◽  
Akshay Botle ◽  
Prabal Singh ◽  
Ajay Taneja

Abstract Air quality at two traffic junctions representing GLA (highway pollution) and Iradatnagar (rural pollution) was evaluated In India. Present study aimed to determine the concentration of size-segregated PM with characterization of metals at different traffic junctions (Agra and Mathura). PM2.5-1.0 and PM1.0-0.5 was measured with the help of Cascade SioutasImpactor during the study period December to January 2018.The size fraction of PM2.5-1.0 was found higher at GLA (350.92µg/m3) followed by Iradatnagar site (329.12µg/m3) whereas average value of size fraction of PM1.0-0.5 was found higher at Iradatnagar site (361.01µg/m3) in comparison with GLA (313.47µg/m3) respectively. The average PM2.5 concentration in all the sampling sites was found 7-8 higher times than National Ambient Air Quality Standards (60µg/m3) (NAAQS, India). Twelve Metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pband Zn) subsequently determined by ICP-OES. Al, Ba, Ca, and Mg, were found higher comparison to other metals. Metals source identification was done by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The average value of HQs was found higher for PM1.0-0.5 size fraction. HQ values were recorded higher for GLA sampling site it was 7.95 for PM2.5-1.0 and 9.50 for PM1.0-0.5 fraction. Overall, the observed HQs values far exceeded the acceptable level. The trend of average value of carcinogenic risk factor was found higher than prescribed limit (1*10-6) for an adult and child respectively.


2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Efimova ◽  
V. S. Rukavishnikov ◽  
V. A. Pankov ◽  
A. N. Perezhogin ◽  
S. F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
...  

The purpose of research is the assessment of the individual cancer risk (ICR) for workers of the basic occupations in key branches of industry of the Irkutsk region. There was executed the calculation of ICR levels for workers of the basic occupations of the aircraft industry, aluminum smelters and vinyl chloride production plants. The estimation of the exposure for workers was carried out according to long-term time-weighted average concentrations in the air of the working area, for the population - on annual average concentrations in the ambient air. To assess the risk that is not associated with the profession, the dose was calculated for the period of life (70 years). When calculating the toxicant doses in the working area there were used the “standard” indices ofpulmonary ventilation for adults, body weight, the work experience in the contact with carcinogens of 30 years, the number of days in the contact of 240, the duration of the working time 8 or 12 hours (in accordance with the working hours) duration. ICR for the Irkutsk population amounted of 3.08E-04, in Shelekhov - 4.8E-05, Sayansk - 1.1E-05. The amount of risk depends on the content offormaldehyde in all territories and chromium VI in cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. ICR for workers of basic occupations of studied plants in dozens of times are higher than for the urban population. Priority carcinogens are: chromium VI, nickel, formaldehyde, silicon dioxide -for the aircraft plant employees; 1,2-dichloretan, vinyl chloride - for the workers of vinyl chloride production plant; benzopyrene - for the aluminum smelter workers.


Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Izvekova ◽  
Nataliya A. Kobeleva ◽  
Andreiy A. Gushchin ◽  
Mariya S. Gerasimova ◽  
Vladimir I. Grinevich

The paper presents the results of measurements of the content of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in the snow cover in the territory of the Ivanovo city. It was revealed that the concentration of BaP at the controlled points is 2.7 times higher than the background level on average. The degree of pollution of the snow cover in Ivanovo is much less than in Moscow (the level of excess varies in the range 2.3 - 89 times). The intake levels (from 0.02 μg/m2 to 3.76 μg/m2) and deposition density (0.02 - 1.88 ng/m2 · day-1) of BaP are estimated that are commensurate with the values typical for such areas, as urban areas of Germany and Canada. Interpolation the BaP concentrations in snow is allowed to reveal anomalies in the city with BaP content of 35 ng/l, which is 7 times higher than the average value for the whole city. The obtained data made it possible to estimate the BaP concentration in atmospheric air, which on the average is 0.7· 10-6 mg/m3, which is 0.7 fraction of the maximum permissible concentration. The values of individual carcinogenic risk for public health were calculated, which amounted to 0.6·10-6 and 1.6·10-6, which corresponds to negligible individual risk (for the adult population) or corresponds to the maximum allowable level (for children), respectively. The obtained results allowed to evaluate the environmental risk from pollution of the snow cover with BaP, the level of which corresponds to a moderate one, however, indicates a potential public health hazard related to the ability of the BаP to accumulate in environmental objects. It is established that the most likely source of BaP is automobile transport. The contribution of the fuel and energy complex should be much less.


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