scholarly journals Advantages of the application method for taking a biopsy of the gastric mucosa to assess its functional state and microflora composition in obese children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
A. S. Koshurnikova ◽  
T. A. Bokova ◽  
S. G. Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

Relevance. Obesity is one of the most pressing problems of modern Pediatrics.The purpose of the study: to study the morphofunctional state and features of the composition of the stomach microflora in obese children using and comparing various endoscopic methods of biomaterial sampling.Materials and methods. 164 children aged 7 to 17 years were examined. The main group — 85 obese people, the comparison group‑79 children with normal body weight and digestive diseases. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, followed by pathomorphological, bacterioscopic, and microbiological examination of the biological material. In addition to sampling the biopsy of the antral part of the stomach with a sterile farcept, 40 patients were additionally taken from the wall biological material by obtaining a smear from the mucous membrane with the author’s endoscopic probe.Research result. The frequency of inflammatory changes IN the gastrointestinal tract was high in both groups and did not depend on body weight. In the main group, duodeno-gastric reflux (DGR) (32–38% и 9–11%, p<0.05) and cardia insufficiency (46–54% и 36–46%, p>0.05) were more often diagnosed. With an increase in the degree of obesity, the total number of refluxes increased — from 45–53% at grade I to 64–75% at grade IV, and DGR — from 12–14% to 49–58%, respectively. The most frequent localization of inflammatory changes in children of the main group was the antral (43–50%), less often — the stomach body (26–30%), while in the comparison group the body was more often affected (42–52%) and less often the antral (24–30%). In most children, regardless of the group (56–66% и 51–65%), chronic gastritis of moderate activity was registered. A high degree was significantly more often detected in the comparison group (14–16% and 24–30%, p<0.05), while a weak degree was detected in children of the main group (16–19% and 5–6%, p<0.05). In children of the main group, H. pylori (HP) was more often detected (45–53% и 25–32%, p <0.05), while 1 degree of contamination was more often determined (43–51% и 39–48%), while in the comparison group — 3 degree (15–18% и 24–30%). With increasing degree of obesity increased frequency of contamination from the antrum, HP — from 36–42% when I level up to 60–71% in IV degree of obesity. When using the application in HP+ children of the main group were more often sown opportunistic pathogens in a more diverse species composition and a more pronounced decrease in planting indigenous microflora, and regardless of HP significantly more prevalent growth of E. coli and Candida. In the presence of DGR, independently of the group, a significantly higher growth of fecal flora and a more pronounced decrease in the seeding of indigenous microflora was obtained.Conclusions.1. A high frequency of inflammatory and functional disorders in children, regardless of body weight, was established.2. Motor-evacuation disorders in children with obesity recorded often (63% and 43%). As the degree of obesity increases, their frequency increases. DGR in obese children is recorded significantly more often (38% and 11%, p<0.05).3. Children with obesity have a higher frequency of registering a low degree of activity of chronic gastritis, and children with normal body weight have a high frequency. The degree of activity of the inflammatory process does not depend on the degree of obesity and the duration of the disease.4. HP in obese children is detected 1.5 times more often than in children with normal body weight; the predominance of low (1 degree) contamination is characteristic. With an increase in the degree of obesity, the frequency of HP contamination increases (from 42% at grade I to 70% at grade IV obesity).5. HP-positive children show significantly higher growth of E. Faecium, S. viridans and Streptococcus faecalis and lower seeding of Lactobacterium and Bifidobacterium.6. DGR contributes to a more pronounced decrease in the growth of indigenous microflora, only Streptoco

THE USE OF THORACOPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Ivanov ◽  
Alexey A. Malov ◽  
Vadim A. Kichigin ◽  
Vasily A. Ivanov ◽  
Larisa V. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Despite a decrease in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Russian Federation in recent years, among the newly diagnosed patients there remains a significant proportion of patients with bacterial excretion and destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, surgical treatment is often the only possible method for saving lives. We studied the results of extrapleural posterosuperior thoracoplasty in 42 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients who received medicamentous therapy. The mortality rate for 3 years of follow-up in the conservative treatment group was 36.7%, in the surgical treatment group it was 23.8%, p = 0.237. Among patients with more than 2 years of disease experience, mortality was 45% in the main group, 88% in the comparison group, p = 0.070. In the absence of drug resistance, mortality in the main group was 4%, that in the comparison group – 14.2%, p = 0.283. Mortality in individuals with normal body weight was lower in the group of patients who underwent thoracoplasty than in the comparison group: 17.6% vs. 33.3% (p = 0.202). Among those who did not achieve sputum negative reaction, mortality was lower, and passing to the 3rd group of dispensary care was more common in the surgical treatment group – 41.7% vs. 71.4% (p = 0.077) and 33.3% vs. 21.4% (p = 0.426). Among patients with drug resistance or low body weight or unachieved sputum negative reaction, mortality rates were comparable in both groups. Thus, thoracoplasty, in comparison with conservative therapy, makes it possible to improve treatment results in patients regardless of the length of the disease in groups with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive process, with normal body weight, with preservation of elimination of bacilli. The effectiveness of thoracoplasty decreases in patients with an increase in the disease duration.

scholarly journals PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY, DEPENDING ON THE LYS198ASN POLYMORPHISM OF THE ENDOTHELIN-1 GENE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Smiianova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the main mechanisms for the further development of arterial hypertension (AH) and its complications, and endothelin-1 (ЕТ-1) plays one of the key roles in this process. Endothelium is drawn into the pathological process at the earliest stages of AH development. ЕТ-1 is currently considered as a marker and predictor of the stage and consequences of AH, chronic heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), in particularly, acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart rhythm disorders, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular injury, target vascular disorders. One factor that may influence the level of ЕТ-1 is the endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism, which is considered by many researchers as a possible genetic marker of AH. However, the effect of this polymorphism on the level of plasma ЕТ-1 level in patients with AH of varying severity in Ukraine is understudied. The basis of this work were the materials of a complete examination of 160 patients with a verified diagnosis of AH I, stage II of 1, 2, 3 degrees (main group) and 110 apparently healthy persons (control group). Patients of the main group were divided into three subgroups: 1st group ­– 75 patients with normal body weight; 2nd group – 48 overweight patients; 3rd group – 37 patients with alimentary obesity. In obese patients, the waist circumference in women was around 103 (96–115) cm, and in men – 108 (105–116) cm, which indicates an abdominal type of obesity in these patients. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of ЕТ-1 is higher in patients with AH who suffer with overweight and obesity as compared with patients with AH and normal body weight. Also, the peptide level depends on the genotype of patients and is higher in AH patients with the genotype Asn198Asn and Lys198Asn as compared to carriers of the genotype Lys198Lys.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grzyb ◽  
Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽  
Andrzej Siwiec ◽  
Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽  
Andrzej Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background: One of the objective methods of assessing the level of cardiopulmonary capacity in overweight and obese children and adolescents is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Aims: The purpose of present study is an evaluation of aerobic capacity in high body mass index (BMI) children and adolescents by comparing them with a normal weight control group by CPET.Methods and Procedures: The subjects were recruited from participants of the Program of Treatment for Overweight and Obese Children organized by a local pediatric rehabilitation center in Poland. Based on BMI for age and gender, two validation groups were selected: (1) a group of overweight children (n = 49) and (2) a group of obese children (n = 48). The study included also 53 normal weight participants as a reference group (REF). The study consisted of two parts: anthropometric measurements and CPET. The Godfrey protocol for CPET was applied.Outcomes and Results: In this study, obese children and adolescents showed similar absolute VO2peak values in liters per minute (1.64 L/min) compared to overweight children (1.48 L/min), but significantly higher than children with normal body weight (1.39 L/min). The obese children and adolescents presented lower VO2peak in relation to body weight (25.44 ml/kg/min) compared to their peers with normal body weight (36.5 ml/kg/min), and overweight children (29.18 ml/kg/min).Conclusion and Implications: The main finding of our study was recognition of significant differences between cardiopulmonary capacity parameters in obese children in comparison not only to normal weight peers, but to overweight, too.

Medico-social factors influencing the menstrual function in adolescents with overweight

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Elena Anatol’yevna Yalfimova ◽  
Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Obesity is a serious medical, social and economic issue in modern society. Relevance it is determined primarily by the high prevalence of obesity. Objective: identify medical and social factors influencing the development of obesity in adolescent girls with menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: questionnaires, analysis of medical records, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination 167 girls from 14 to 18 years with obesity I degree (28,7 %), obesity degree II (58,1 %), obesity III degree (13.2 %) and their parents, and 211 girls with normal body weight and their parents. Results: artificial feeding from birth had 23,2% of the young women of the main group, in the control group the rate was 7.4 %. The regularity of meals keep 12.5 % of adolescents in primary and 27.1 % of adolescents in the control groups. The prevalence of high-calorie foods noted 21.1 % of girls are obese and only 4.9 % of normal body weight. The average age at onset of menarche in girls with obesity was 10 years and 9 months, which is 11 months earlier than in the con-control group girls. Girls with overweight significantly more often in 80.6 % of identified disorders of lipid compared with a group of girls with normal body weight, in 13.9 % of cases respectively. In the main group was observed hormonal changes, talking about changing the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland, disorders of the cyclical release of gonadotropins, the absence of physiological “ovulatory peak”, a chaotic secretion of FSH and LH, the violation of physiological ratio of FSH/LH. When conducting USDG in the first group identified dyscirculatory violations arterial bed, in the form of the asymmetry of the flow and signs of venous degenii in the form of increased speed of blood flow in the jugular veins, monophasic flow in the veins, the blood flow in the vertebral veins in a horizontal position. Conclusions: the menstrual cycle occurs under the action of complex factors, such as physical illness, unbalanced diet, chronic stress, bad habits, poor physical living conditions. A survey of adolescent girls who turned over the menstrual cycle and with obesity should be integrated and include in addition to the laboratory, instrumentaltion survey joint management of such patients related-governmental experts.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
A-M. A. Shulhai ◽  
H. A. Pavlyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background. Vitamin D affects the function of many organs and systems. Lipid metabolism disorder is established to be one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the amount of adipose tissue is crucial. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods. 146 children with excessive weight and obesity as well as 63 healthy children with normal body weight were examined. In the study groups, there were no children taking vitamin D. Vitamin D status was evaluated by the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum. Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed at the level of 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/ml, and significant deficiency – below 20 ng/ml, normal calcidiol content was 30-100 ng/ml. Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in the adolescents with normal body weight was 19.76±4.28 ng/ml, in the adolescents with excessive body weight – 15.24±3.47 ng/ml, and in the obese children – 13.87±2.71 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the overweight adolescents was 70.62%, and in the adolescents with obesity – 77.19%. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the adolescents with overweight and obesity. To prevent the development of hypovitaminosis and vitamin D deficiency, it is necessary to carry out educational activities with adolescents for promotion of healthy lifestyle and healthy food, as well as to develop an optimal program for improving vitamin D status in the obese children.

scholarly journals Assessment of the children physical development with metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
B. Ongoeva ◽  
E. Alymbaev ◽  
G. Kozhonazarova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Endocrinology of the National Center for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood. Under the supervision, there were 217 children who were divided into two groups: children with metabolic syndrome and children with normal body weight. A comparative analysis of the indicators of physical development in children with metabolic syndrome revealed that all indicators of physical data were significantly higher in the main group, which was predicted when examining children with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals POS0358 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF mTOR EXPRESSION ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 409.2-409
Author(s):  
E. Strebkova ◽  
E. Tchetina ◽  
L. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background:Currently, a large number of molecular biological and genetic markers are known to be involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is responsible for chondrocyte proliferation, cartilage matrix production, and cell growth. OA is characterized by increased mTOR synthesis, which is accompanied by an increase in proliferative activity and destruction of chondrocytes. Obesity is an important factor in the progression of knee OA. The study of mTOR expression in patients with OA and obesity is an urgent task in the development of personalized OA therapy.Objectives:To determine the expression of mTOR in patients with knee OA in combination with obesity and normal body weight. To evaluate the effect of mTOR on the clinical manifestations of OA in patients with different body mass index (BMI).Methods:The study included 73 female patients aged 45-65 y.o. with Kellgren-Lawrence stage II-III knee OA. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=50) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg / cm2) and group 2 (n=23) with normal or increased body weight (BMI < 30 kg/cm2). The average age of patients with obesity is 56.5 ± 5.87 years, without obesity - 58.7 ± 5.43 years. Clinical manifestations were evaluated by a WOMAС. RNA was isolated from the patients ‘ blood samples, which was used to determine the expression of mTOR.Results:Patients with knee OA with and without obesity did not differ in age. OA develops at an earlier age in obese patients, than in non-obese patients (p < 0.001). Patients from 1 group had a high BMI > 30 kg/m2 at the onset of OA. Obese patients had more severe knee OA is significantly more often detected: Kellgren-Lawrence stage III was determined in 10% of obese patients and in 4.35% - without obesity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values of the WOMAC index pain, stiffness, joint functional failure, and total WOMAC were observed in obese patients (p = 0.006, p = 0.039, p = 0.037, and p = 0.014, respectively). Obese patients had higher VAS pain scores (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a lower BMI. Obese patients had a higher mTOR expression (p < 0.05) of 8.02±8.62, compared to non-obese patients. High mTOR expression was associated with VAS knee pain (r=0.78; p < 0.05) and WOMAC pain (r=0.89; p<0.05) in obese patients (Table 1).Table 1.Correlation of m-TORParametersmTOR (1 group, n=50)mTOR (2 group, n=23)Body weightр > 0,05р > 0,05Pain (VAS)r=0,78; р<0,05p = 0,07; r = 0,45Pain (WOMAC)r=0,89; р<0,05р > 0,05Total WOMACр > 0,05р > 0,05Conclusion:Our study showed that patients with obesity and knee OA have higher rates of mTOR expression, compared to patients with normal body weight. High mTOR expression correlates with the severity of knee pain in obese patients. Thus, the evaluation of mTOR expression in obese patients and knee OA plays an important role in predicting the severity of clinical manifestations of OA, and may influence the choice of personalized therapy tactics for such patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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