scholarly journals Identification of Lignite as One of Usable Alternative Energy Using Difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) Calculated from Landsat-8 Data and Gravity Method in Lam Apeng Village, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalif Alfaiz
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Gravity Method ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio ◽  
Density Zone

One of the alternative energy that exists in Indonesia, including in Aceh is coal energy. In 2016, a fire happened caused of coal in Lam Apeng Village, proven by coal’s landscape formed after the fire. The research purposes to identify the coal existence as one alternative energy in Indonesia using difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) calculated from Landsat-8 data. The difference between NBR’s which is able to show the only burn location based on its index with high severity level representes the burnt location. Gravity survey validates the results and proves that the low-density zone indicated coal existence has the same pattern as the high severity level. Both of the results give information about lignite dissemination in Lam Apeng Village.

Comparative Study of Size, Total Protein, Fibrinogen and 5-HT Content of Human and Canine Platelet Density Subpopulations

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mezzano ◽  
Eduardo Aranda ◽  
Arnaldo Foradori
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Artifactual Changes ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe size, total protein, fibrinogen and 5-HT content were evaluated in density subpopulations of human and canine platelets fractionated in linear arabinogalactan gradients. The methodology was assessed to ascertain that platelet separation was by density and to discard artifactual changes and platelet release during the procedure. EDTA or PGEi increased the size of human PRP-platelets, but not of dog platelets. In humans, high density (HD) platelets were 1.26 times larger and contained 1.88 times more fibrinogen, 2.23 times more 5-HT and 1.37 times more protein than low density (LD) platelets; in dogs, these density cohorts did not differ in protein content, but LD platelets were 1.29 times larger and had 1.33 times more fibrinogen and 5-HT than HD platelets. These findings suggest that cell density is mostly dependent on the protein content per unit volume of platelets (and not on dense bodies). The differences in fibrinogen and 5-HT content between HD and LD cohorts in humans and dogs may be related to platelet age. The difference in volume between HD and LD platelets in dogs is of uncertain interpretation.

TEMPERATURA DE SUPERFÍCIE E A RELAÇÃO COM O ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA (NDVI) NA MICROBACIA DO RIO DA BATATEIRAS, CRATO-CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1310-1320
Author(s):  
Cícera Celiane Januário da Silva ◽  
Vinicius Ferreira Luna ◽  
Joyce Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Juliana Maria Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Difference Map

O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma comparação entre a temperatura de superfície e o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) na microbacia do rio da Batateiras/Crato-CE em dois períodos do ano de 2017, um chuvoso (abril) e um seco (setembro) como também analisar o mapa de diferença de temperatura nesses dois referidos períodos. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 8 (banda 10) para mensuração de temperatura e a banda 4 e 5 para geração do NDVI. As análises demonstram que no mês de abril a temperatura da superfície variou aproximadamente entre 23.2ºC e 31.06ºC, enquanto no mês correspondente a setembro, os valores variaram de 25°C e 40.5°C, sendo que as maiores temperaturas foram encontradas em locais com baixa densidade de vegetação, de acordo com a carta de NDVI desses dois meses. A maior diferença de temperatura desses dois meses foi de 14.2°C indicando que ocorre um aumento da temperatura proporcionado pelo período que corresponde a um dos mais secos da região, diferentemente de abril que está no período de chuvas e tem uma maior umidade, presença de vegetação e corpos d’água que amenizam a temperatura.Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto; Vegetação; Microbacia.                                                                                  ABSTRACTThe objective of the present work is to compare the surface temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Batateiras / Crato-CE river basin in two periods of 2017, one rainy (April) and one (September) and to analyze the temperature difference map in these two periods. LANDSAT 8 (band 10) satellite images were used for temperature measurement and band 4 and 5 for NDVI generation. The analyzes show that in April the surface temperature varied approximately between 23.2ºC and 31.06ºC, while in the month corresponding to September, the values ranged from 25ºC and 40.5ºC, and the highest temperatures were found in locations with low density of vegetation, according to the NDVI letter of these two months. The highest difference in temperature for these two months was 14.2 ° C, indicating that there is an increase in temperature provided by the period that corresponds to one of the driest in the region, unlike April that is in the rainy season and has a higher humidity, presence of vegetation and water bodies that soften the temperature.Key-words: Remote sensing; Vegetation; Microbasin.RESUMENEl objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una comparación entre la temperatura de la superficie y el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) en la cuenca Batateiras / Crato-CE en dos períodos de 2017, uno lluvioso (abril) y uno (Septiembre), así como analizar el mapa de diferencia de temperatura en estos dos períodos. Las imágenes de satélite LANDSAT 8 (banda 10) se utilizaron para la medición de temperatura y las bandas 4 y 5 para la generación de NDVI. Los análisis muestran que en abril la temperatura de la superficie varió aproximadamente entre 23.2ºC y 31.06ºC, mientras que en el mes correspondiente a septiembre, los valores oscilaron entre 25 ° C y 40.5 ° C, y las temperaturas más altas se encontraron en lugares con baja densidad de vegetación, según el gráfico NDVI de estos dos meses. La mayor diferencia de temperatura de estos dos meses fue de 14.2 ° C, lo que indica que hay un aumento en la temperatura proporcionada por el período que corresponde a uno de los más secos de la región, a diferencia de abril que está en la temporada de lluvias y tiene una mayor humedad, presencia de vegetación y cuerpos de agua que suavizan la temperatura.Palabras clave: Detección remota; vegetación; Cuenca.

scholarly journals Analisis stabilitas tegangan pengisian baterai terhadap putaran kincir angin pada pembangkit listrik tenaga angin

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mira Esculenta Martawati
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Turbine Speed

Pembangkit energi alternatif Saat ini semakin meningkat dikarenakan  berkaitan dengan semakin banyaknya kebutuhan pasar akan energi. Ada beberapa pembangkit energi alternatif yang sudah mulai dibangun antara lain pembangkit listrik tenaga angin. Pada umumnya pembangkit listrik tenaga angin didirikan di daerah pesisir pantai atau di daerah yang  miliki yang menghasilkan banyak angin. Dalam membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga angin dibutuhkan banyak perhitungan yang matang supaya didapatkan desain  yang sesederhana mungkin dengan biaya yang seminim mungkin akan tetapi dapat menghasilkan daya yang maksimal, sehingga dapat mengurangi pemborosan energi dan dapat memanfaatkan tenaga angin yang tersedia pada alam sekitarnya semaksimal mungkin dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar. Pembuatan simulasi turbin angin dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulasi simulink pada matlab. Hasil dari simulasi dan analisa data adalah terdapat perbedaan  pengaruh antara variasi pitch angle dan kecepatan turbin terhadap daya keluaran dan nilai tegangan , karena nilai  p-value < 0,05 dan membuktikan bahwa H0 dinyatakan ditolak. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar pitch angle maka kecepatan turbin terhadap daya keluaran dan tegangan yang dihasilkan juga akan semakin besar   Alternative energy generation is increasing as it relates to the growing number of energy market needs. There are several alternative energy plants that have begun to be built, such as wind power plants. In general, wind power plants are established in coastal areas or in areas that have produced a lot of wind. In building wind power plants needed a lot of mature calculations so that the design is as simple as possible with a minimal cost possible but can produce maximum power, so as to reduce energy waste and can utilize the wind power available in the surrounding nature as much as possible and can be utilized by the surrounding community. The manufacture of simulation of wind turbine can be done using simulink simulation in MATLAB. The result of the simulation and data analysis is the difference in influence between the variation of pitch angle and the speed of the turbine to the output power and the voltage value, due to the P-value value of < 0.05 and proving that the H0 declared rejected. The result of this study shows that the greater the pitch angle then the turbine speed to the output power and the resulting voltage will also be greater

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE TEMPERATURE ON THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF MONO-CRYSTALLINE AND POLY-CRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS

SINERGI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Eteruddin ◽  
Atmam Atmam ◽  
David Setiawan ◽  
Yanuar Z. Arief
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Difference

People can make solar energy alternative energy by employing solar panels to generate electricity. The utilization of solar energy on a solar panel to generate electricity is affected by the weather and the duration of the radiation, and they will affect the solar panel’s temperature. There are various types of solar panels that can be found on the market today, including Mono-Crystalline and Poly-Crystalline. The difference in the material used needs to be observed in terms of temperature changes in the solar module. Our study’s findings showed that a change in the temperature would impact the solar panel’s output voltage, and the solar panel’s output voltage would change when it was connected to the load although the measured temperatures were almost the same.

scholarly journals Variation of class I HLA antigen expression among platelet density cohorts: a possible index of platelet age?

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-519
Author(s):  
J Pereira ◽  
C Cretney ◽  
RH Aster
Keyword(s):  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
High Density ◽  
Class I ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hla Molecules

Platelet alloantigens and other surface markers were studied in platelet cohorts of different mean density, using monoclonal and polyclonal probes. High density (HD) platelets expressed 12% more P1A1 molecules (46,942) than low density (LD) platelets (41,892). However, LD platelets carried 42% more HLA-A2 molecules (6,267 +/- 184) than HD platelets (4,406 +/- 232) (P less than .01) and 55% more class I HLA antigens (17,034 +/- 2,062 v 11,007 +/- 2,190) (P = .05). The platelet subpopulations did not differ in their content of glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex or Baka antigen. The difference in expression of class I HLA antigens on HD and LD platelets is consistent with two possibilities: either class I HLA molecules are acquired from plasma or they are released into plasma as platelets age in circulation. Accordingly, class I HLA molecules may provide a useful marker of platelet age.

Detecting Burn Severity across Mediterranean Forest Types by Coupling Medium-Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery and Field Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Saulino ◽  
Angelo Rita ◽  
Antonello Migliozzi ◽  
Carmine Maffei ◽  
Emilia Allevato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Effects ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio

In Mediterranean countries, in the year 2017, extensive surfaces of forests were damaged by wildfires. In the Vesuvius National Park, multiple summer wildfires burned 88% of the Mediterranean forest. This unprecedented event in an environmentally vulnerable area suggests conducting spatial assessment of the mixed-severity fire effects for identifying priority areas and support decision-making in post-fire restoration. The main objective of this study was to compare the ability of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) spectral index obtained from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A satellites in retrieving burn severity levels. Burn severity levels experienced by the Mediterranean forest communities were defined by using two quali-quantitative field-based composite burn indices (FBIs), namely the Composite Burn Index (CBI), its geometrically modified version CBI (GeoCBI), and the dNBR derived from the two medium-resolution multispectral remote sensors. The accuracy of the burn severity map produced by using the dNBR thresholds developed by Key and Benson (2006) was first evaluated. We found very low agreement (0.15 < K < 0.21) between the burn severity class obtained from field-based indices (CBI and GeoCBI) and satellite-derived metrics (dNBR) from both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A. Therefore, the most appropriate dNBR thresholds were rebuilt by analyzing the relationships between two field-based (CBI and GeoCBI) and dNBR from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A. By regressing alternatively FBIs and dNBRs, a slightly stronger relationship between GeoCBI and dNBR metrics obtained from the Sentinel-2A remote sensor (R2 = 0.69) was found. The regressed dNBR thresholds showed moderately high classification accuracy (K = 0.77, OA = 83%) for Sentinel-2A, suggesting the appropriateness of dNBR-Sentinel 2A in assessing mixed-severity Mediterranean wildfires. Our results suggest that there is no single set of dNBR thresholds that are appropriate for all burnt biomes, especially for the low levels of burn severity, as biotic factors could affect satellite observations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of TsHARP Utility for Thermal Sharpening of Sentinel-3 Satellite Images Using Sentinel-2 Visual Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huryna ◽  
Yafit Cohen ◽  
Arnon Karnieli ◽  
Natalya Panov ◽  
William P. Kustas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sentinel 2

A spatially distributed land surface temperature is important for many studies. The recent launch of the Sentinel satellite programs paves the way for an abundance of opportunities for both large area and long-term investigations. However, the spatial resolution of Sentinel-3 thermal images is not suitable for monitoring small fragmented fields. Thermal sharpening is one of the primary methods used to obtain thermal images at finer spatial resolution at a daily revisit time. In the current study, the utility of the TsHARP method to sharpen the low resolution of Sentinel-3 thermal data was examined using Sentinel-2 visible-near infrared imagery. Compared to Landsat 8 fine thermal images, the sharpening resulted in mean absolute errors of ~1 °C, with errors increasing as the difference between the native and the target resolutions increases. Part of the error is attributed to the discrepancy between the thermal images acquired by the two platforms. Further research is due to test additional sites and conditions, and potentially additional sharpening methods, applied to the Sentinel platforms.

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