ANALISIS KATEKIN DAN EPIKATEKIN DALAM BIJI KAKAO SERTA PRODUK OLAHANNYA MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR SPEKTROMETRI MASSA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subagja Subagja
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Cocoa Product ◽  
Made In

Processing cocoa beans to the cocoa product is estimated can affect active compound in the inside, especially catechin and epicatechin. Therefore, sampling was done from several stages of processing cocoa beans. The sample is cocoa nib, cocoa paste, cocoa powder and cocoa butter. Cocoa powder and cocoa butter obtained from cocoa paste processing at the temperature range 50 to 90 ° C. Research carried out three stages, namely: (1) conduct the selection conditions of analysis, (2) validate the analysis method, and (3) analyze catechin and epicatechin in the cocoa samples. Results of the research shows that based on the ratio catechin and epicatechin, processing cocoa beans into cocoa product influence catechin and epicatechin found therein, with a marked decrease in the ratio of the two substances. Cocoa paste processing into cocoa powder and cocoa butter made in the temperature range 50 to 90 ° C, does not indicate the influence of treatment based on the ratio catechin and epicatechin, but when viewed and measure catechin and epicatechin the inside indicates that the tendency to decrease.

scholarly journals The efforts to increase the attractiveness of Bingkon Kakao MSME products through redesign of chocolate bar packaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1348-1354
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muttaqien ◽  
Gisellya Noorrahma Shalihatan Nafza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
The People ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Natural resources are one of the things that can be utilized and processed to be used as a source of economic income for large industries, SMEs and individuals. Nglegi is one of the hamlets in the Patuk sub-district, Gunung Kidul Regency, DI Yogyakarta which has the potential for cocoa plants to spread in almost every citizen's yard. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. Cocoa) is a type of plant that is very popular with its processed fruit, one of which is chocolate. The people of Nglegi who are members of the Ngudi Mulyo farmer group make processed cocoa beans with the Bingkon Kakao brand as a source of income. Bingkon Cocoa itself already has processed types such as cocoa powder, chocolate rengginang and chocolate bars. However, based on observations, the production of chocolate, especially chocolate bars, the appearance of the packaging design was less attractive, thereby reducing the attractiveness of potential buyers. This service goes through three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The result of the service is the creation of a new design for the Bingkon Kakao chocolate bar packaging which is expected to be an attraction for product sales.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN INDUSTRI HILIR DOMESTIK TERHADAP BIJI KAKAO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Maulana Satria ◽  
Adi Nugraha ◽  
Eka Purna Yudha ◽  
Ernah Ernah
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Many

ABSTRAKKakao merupakan salah satu komoditas yang memiliki kontribusi terbesar terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Kakao memiliki potensi hilirisasasi yang sangat baik, dimana produk hilir kakao sangat beragam dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Pemerintah menetapkan bubuk kakao dan lemak kakao sebagai produk hilir utama yang dihasilkan Indonesia. Perkembangan dapat dilihat pada perubahan jenis produk kakao yang diekspor. Ekspor biji kakao terus mengalami penurunan, sementara ekspor bubuk kakao dan lemak kakao terus mengalami peningkatan. Perkembangan pada industri juga dapat dilihat pada peningkatan impor biji kakao oleh Indonesia yang mengindikasikan peningkatan pada konsumsi biji kakao oleh industri hilir domestik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis trend perubahan produksi biji kakao, konsumsi biji kakao oleh industri, dan produksi produk hilir dengan menggunakan analisis trend dan grafik, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan industri hilir domestik terhadap biji kakao menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi dan volume ekspor biji kakao mengalami penurunan, sementara produksi produk hilir dan konsumsi biji kakao oleh industri meningkat. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan industri hilir terhadap biji kakao secara signifikan adalah harga biji kakao, harga lemak kakao, harga bubuk kakao, dan produksi bubuk kakao.Kata Kunci: Bubuk Kakao, Lemak Kakao, Trend Perubahan, Permintaan Industri, Ordinary Least SquareABSTRACTCocoa has one of the highest contribution towards Indonesian economy among other agricultural commodities. Cocoa has huge potential in the downstream sector, reflected by the many variations of cocoa-based products with high economic value. Government of Indonesia declared cocoa powder and cocoa butter as the main product of downstream cocoa industry. Development of the cocoa industry downstream sector is indicated in the shift of cocoa based-products exported to various countries around the world, from raw cocoa seeds to cocoa powder and cocoa butter. Increase in Indonesian import of cocoa beans shows that there is an increase in the industry’s consumption of raw cocoa beans. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trend and dynamics of Indonesia’s cocoa bean production, cocoa bean export, downstream sector’s production, and downstream sector’s cocoa bean consumption, and to identify factors that affect downstream cocoa industry’s demand of cocoa beans using Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis. The result of this research shows that Indonesia’s cocoa bean export and production is trending downward, while downstream production and consumption shows a positive developing trend. Factors that affect the cocoa downstream industry’s demand are prices of cocoa bean, cocoa butter, cocoa powder, and the amount of cocoa powder produced by the industry.Keywords: Cocoa Powder, Cocoa Butter, Trend, Dowsntream Industry’s Demand, Ordinary Least Square

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT TRENDS OF INDONESIAN COCOA TO THE FIVE DESTINATION COUNTRIES FOR 2010-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Nabilla Pratya Augustin ◽  
Edy Prasetyo ◽  
Siswanto Imam Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Linear Trend Analysis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa exports to five destination countries, namely China, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, and USA and to analyze the trend of Indonesian cocoa exports for the forecasting of the next 5 years. The data source used is secondary data in the form of export value and volume from 2010-2019 which is sourced from uncomtrade. Data analysis methods used are RCA, EPD, and linear trend analysis. The results showed that the comparative analysis of the RCA method for the commodities of Indonesian cocoa beans, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, cocoa powder in 2010-2019 has an RCA > 1 which means that it is competitive and has a comparative advantage in destination countries. Based on a competitive analysis using the EPD method, the commodity of Indonesian cocoa beans, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, and cocoa powder in 2010-2019 have EPD retreat and falling star values. Based on linear trend analysis, the export value of Indonesian cocoa beans in 2020-2024 is predicted to continue to decline, cocoa butter and cocoa powder in 2020-2024 is predicted to continue to increase, and cocoa paste in 2020-2024 is predicted to increase and later decrease.

scholarly journals Optimation of Temperature and Duration of Cocoa Beans Roasting in a CylindricalRoaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misnwai Jati ◽  
Sukrisno Widyotomo ◽  
Awad Sewed ◽  
Sugiyono .
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Cocoa Powder

A small scale cylindrical type cocoa roaster has been designed to improve Indonesian mallholder income and commence utilization of cocoa-base products. Capacity of the roaster was at 15 kg dried cocoa beans. Operating condition of the instrument in terms of temperature and duration of roasting for cocoa powder production has been optimized by using Response Surface Methodology in the range of 110–140 C for the former and 20–60 minute for the latter. Variable of the study were temperature profile, peroxide value of cocoa butter, color and sensory properties of the resultant cocoa powder and microbial con tamination. Result of the study showed that cocoa bean’s temperature at the first 2–8 minute roasting was 30–50 C, before increased as high 10 C per minute to the adjusted temperature. Temperature and duration of roasting influenced interactively on peroxide value of cocoa butter, color and sensory properties of the resultant cocoa powder. An optimum roasting for cocoa powder preparation was obtained at temperature of 140 C and roasting time of 20 minute. Roasting treatment significantly reduced number of microbe in total plate count, however most probable number (MPN) of coliform in term of Escherichia coli was not detected. Key words : Cocoa bean, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, roasting, small scale cylindrical roaster, sensory properties, Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING KOMODITAS KAKAO INDONESIA DI PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ridwan Umar Hanafi ◽  
Netti Tinaprilla
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Comparative Advantages

Indonesia should focus on cocoa products that have the highest competitiveness in order to compete with other competitors in cocoa international trade. This research aimed to analyze Indonesia’s cocoa and cocoa preparations competitiveness. Data used in this research were secondary data. Research began with analyzed cocoa and cocoa preparations market structure. The result showed that the market structure of cocoa paste, cocoa butter and cocoa powder (unsweetened) classified as an oligopoly, in the other hand cocoa beans classified as monopoly. RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) method showed that Indonesia had comparative advantages on cocoa beans, cocoa paste and cocoa butter (RCA>1). TSI (Trade Specialization Index) method showed that Indonesia had a tendency as a net exporter of cocoa beans, cocoa paste and cocoa butter. EPD (Export Products Dynamic) method showed that Indonesia had a high competitive advantages on cocoa beans, cocoa paste, cocoa butter and cocoa powder (unsweetened).

Sosyal medyada Suriye’li sığınmacılara yönelik algı: bir sözlük değerlendirmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servet Kardeş ◽  
Çağla Banko ◽  
Berrin Akman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Made In

Bu araştırmada sığınmacılara yönelik paylaşımların yapıldığı sosyal medyada yer alan sözlüklerden birinde sığınmacılara yönelik algıya bakılmıştır. Yöntem olarak nitel desende olan bu çalışmada, bir sosyal medya sitesinde yer alan paylaşımlar içerik analizi yoluyla derinlemesine incelenip yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda sosyal medya kullanıcılarının sığınmacıları büyük bir güvensizlik ortamı ve huzursuzluk yaratan bireyler olarak gördükleri saptanmış, sığınmacılarla yaşanan deneyimlerin ve medyadaki haberlerin bu düşüncelerin oluşmasında etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında sosyal medya kullanıcılarının devletin sığınmacılar konusunda yanlış politika izlediğini düşündükleri ve sığınmacılar için etkili bir planlama yapılmadığını ifade ettikleri görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda medyada sığınmacılar hakkında çıkan haberlerde olumsuz ve şiddet temalı haberlerin azaltılması, Suriyeli sığınmacıların durumu, sahip oldukları haklar ve topluma yansımaları hakkında doğru ve bilgilendirici kamu spotları hazırlanması ayrıca sığınmacıların topluma entegre olma sürecinin her basamağında daha planlı ve etkili bir yol izlenmesi önerilebilir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHPerceptions about Syrian refugees on social media: an evaluation of a social media platformIn this research, posts which are about Syrian refugees were published in a social media platform, called as “sözlük” were investigated. The research is a qualitative research. The posts in this platform are analyzed with content analysis method. According to results of analyses, social media users see Syrian refugees as people who create an insecure and a restless environment. The experiences people had with them and news have an effect on this view. In addition, social media users think that government made inappropriate policies and ineffective plans about Syrian refugees. It is suggested negative news about Syrian refugees should be decreased and government should make safer policies. In addition, adaptation of refugees to society should be made in more planned and effective way.

The locust jump. I. The motor programme

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
W. J. Heitler ◽  
M. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Trigger Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Motor Programme ◽  
Made In

A motor programme is described for defensive kicking in the locust which is also probably the programme for jumping. The method of analysis has been to make intracellular recordings from the somata of identified motornuerones which control the metathoracic tibiae while defensive kicks are made in response to tactile stimuli. Three stages are recognized in the programme. (1) Initial flexion of the tibiae results from the low spike threshold of tibial flexor motorneurones to tactile stimulation of the body. (2) Co-contraction of flexor and extensor muscles followa in which flexor and extensor excitor motoneurones spike at high frequency for 300-600 ms. the tibia flexed while the extensor muscle develops tension isometrically to the level required for a kick or jump. (3) Trigger activity terminates the co-contraction by inhibiting the flexor excitor motorneurones and simultaneously exciting the flexor inhibitors. This causes relaxation of the flexor muscle and allows the tibiae to extend. If the trigger activity does not occur, the jump or kick is aborted, and the tibiae remain flexed.

scholarly journals Implementasi Sistem Bagi Hasil Mudharabah pada Koperasi Serba Usaha Amanah Desa Bunobogu Kecamatan Bunobogu Kabupaten Buol

Al-Buhuts ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Made In

This study aims to determine the system for the results of Mudharabah on Business Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) Amanah Desa Bunobogu with Qualitative Descriptive Analysis method. This study uses primary data sources and secondary data relating to the annual revenue sharing system Mudharabah (2010-2014). The results of this study indicate that the profit sharing system is implemented by the Multipurpose Business Cooperative (KSU) Amanah Desa Bunobogu in the form of Mudharabah financing. With a guarantee statement on the process akadnya. In the event of negligence made by members who resulted in his business losing the goods made in the guarantee will be seized by the cooperative. Businesses that are established by members are mostly small and medium enterprises so often encountered bookkeeping that is not clear and just make a budget booklet at random. However, it does not become alaasan and hamper the growth of cooperatives which each year has increased the remaining results of operations. Unclear budget bookkeeping can result in member earnings manipulation, by lowering the profits earned and the effect on the revenue share installments

scholarly journals TINGKAT KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN MAKANAN PRODUK AYAM BAKAR ABMJ MELALUI E-COMMERCE GOJEK DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Destia Rahmasanti ◽  
Yaktiworo Indriani ◽  
Wuryaningsih Dwi Sayekti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Decision Satisfaction ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
Made In

This research aims to determine the consumers’ characteristics, the stages of decision making, and consumers satisfaction on buying ABMJ grilled chicken through Gojek e-commerce in Bandar Lampung.  The location was determined purposively, in which samples were 65 people.  The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).  The research showed that the consumers who bought ABMJ through Gofood were mainly single women around 19-24 years old, had bachelor degree, and had monthly income around IDR2,600,000.00-IDR3,500,000.00.  The consumer's decision making process was conducted through the introduction of needs, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation.  Ease of purchase encouraged consumers to make transaction through Gofood and consumed ABMJ grilled chicken for their meals.  Consumers acquired the resources and information by their friends who had consumed ABMJ grilled chicken.  Price and advertisement in Gofood feature was highly considered by consumers.  The consumers made purchases depending on the circumstances, so there was no planning before and more than three purchases made in the last three months. Consumers were satisfied and would still buy even if the price of the ABMJ grilled chicken increases.  The value of CSI was 79.22 percent; it showed that the customers had been completely satisfied.  Based on the IPA analysis, customers valued that information clarity, photographic clarity, delivery time, and the safety of maintaining confidentiality of consumer’s identity should be improved.Key words: CSI, IPA, purchasing decision, satisfaction

Extraction of cocoa butter from Brazilian cocoa beans using supercritical CO2 and ethane

2002 ◽  
Vol 194-197 ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleny D.A. Saldaña ◽  
Rahoma S. Mohamed ◽  
Paulo Mazzafera
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Cocoa Beans
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