scholarly journals Reading Related Activities in Second Grade and Their Effect on Fluency- An Evaluation of Teachers’ Classroom Practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Barbara Kraus ◽  
Johannes Wild ◽  
Anita Schilcher ◽  
Sven Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Standardized Reading Test ◽  
Process Level

There is a large number of scientifically evaluated reading trainings recommended by literature, that have shown to be effective on the process level. However, field studies indicate that teachers rarely adopt those but use reading animation methods and self-invented methods instead. Yet, scientific evidence for those teacher-constructed methods is still missing. We therefore asked 87 teachers about their reading lessons and assessed the reading ability development of their 1469 students with a standardized reading test. The results show that teachers hardly use any evidence-based methods, but mainly rely on reading animation. Further, the methods reported by the teachers did not show a measurable impact on the development of the students’ reading competence. On the contrary, teacher constructed methods seemingly lead to a growth of heterogeneity of competence.

scholarly journals Increasing Reading Competence of Recount Text through Jigsaw Learning Model with Picture of “Sungai Kehidupan”

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Erna Pujiasih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Planning Action ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Creative Cooperation

This research aims to increase reading ability of recount text. The research is done because only 43% students who passed reading test. Subject of research was 36 students in class of  XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bantul. The are two cycles in conducting a classroom action. Every cycles consist of planning, action, observation, and reflection in jigsaw learning model. The data of research are observation, questioner, test and interview in understanding recount text with “sungai kehidupan” which is related to biography and historical recount through jigsaw learning model. Based on the test result obtained  increasing reading ability from 42% to 83%, response data of learning are 0.6% of students very agree, 80% agree and 9,4% disagree. From questioner, students can understand the text, enjoying, variety, effective, creative, cooperation, critical thinking, and fascinating in learning. This learning model is very useful for students so they can interest in studying, variety of teaching and suitable for teacher to teach recount text with “sungai kehidupan”.

scholarly journals Assessing University Students’ Critical Thinking Skill by Using the TOEFL ITP Reading Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rentauli Mariah Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
University Students ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Critical Thinking Skill ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This is a qualitative study trying to find out the students’ ability in applying the critical thinking skill while doing the TOEFL ITP reading test. The student participants were 140 university students in one of the private universities in Indonesia. In order to find out the answer, this research was firstly done by looking at the relationship of critical thinking and reading comprehension skill and investigating the level of students’ reading ability by contrasting their reading score to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The study found out that there was an inseparable connection between the students’ critical thinking skill and reading competence and that majority of the student participants were very weak in critical thinking and reading competence skills and so placed at the bottom level of the CEFR. 

Comparative Analysis: The State of Colorado Study, Part II

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Kathryn Mueller ◽  
Douglas Van Zet ◽  
Debra J. Northrup ◽  
Edward B. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Physician Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Work Interference

Abstract [Continued from the January/February 2004 issue of The Guides Newsletter.] To understand discrepancies in reviewers’ ratings of impairments based on different editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), users can usefully study the history of the revisions as successive editions attempted to provide a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system. Some shortcomings of earlier editions have been addressed in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, but problems remain with each edition, largely because of the limited scientific evidence available. In the context of the history of the different editions of the AMA Guides and their development, the authors discuss and contextualize a number of key terms and principles including the following: definitions of impairment and normal; activities of daily living; maximum medical improvement; impairment percentages; conversion of regional impairments; combining impairments; pain and other subjective complaints; physician judgment; and causation analysis; finally, the authors note that impairment is not synonymous with disability or work interference. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, contrasts impairment evaluations and independent medical evaluations (this was not done in previous editions) and discusses impairment evaluations, rules for evaluations, and report standards. Upper extremity and lower extremity impairment evaluations are discussed in terms of clinical assessments and rating processes, analyzing important changes between editions and problematic areas (eg, complex regional pain syndrome).

An Evidence-Based Review of Antitussive Herbs Containing Essential Oils in Traditional Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Hosseinkhani ◽  
Bijan Ziaeian ◽  
Kamran Hessami ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas ◽  
Ali Kashkooe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Troublesome Symptom ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Background: Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients. Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in the both developed and developing countries, in the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive agents according to the Traditional Persian Medicine [TPM] textbooks. We summarized the relevant scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological actions. Methods: To collect the evidence for treatment of cough or “seaal” [cough in ancient books] from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated in accordance with botanical reference books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of action of the reported medicinal plants. Results: The number of 49 herbs containing essential oils were recommended in TPM for the treatment of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities. Conclusion: In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs noted by TPM, the present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising candidates that could be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.

scholarly journals Cataract surgery practice patterns worldwide: a survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000464
Author(s):  
Tommaso Rossi ◽  
Mario R Romano ◽  
Danilo Iannetta ◽  
Vito Romano ◽  
Luca Gualdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Surgical Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Surgical Setting

ObjectiveTo report the results of a global survey on cataract practice patterns related to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care, surgical setting and personnel allocation.Methods and analysisAn online 28 questions survey was sent to 240 ophthalmologists asking to describe prevailing trends in their institutions across 38 countries and 5 continents. Questions inquired country, institution, surgical volume and setting, anaesthesia, preoperative and intraoperative examination and postsurgical care. Statistical analysis used crosstabs lambda statistics for non-parametric nominal variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results209/240 (87%) ophthalmologists responded: 38% representing public hospitals, 36% private practices and 26% academic sites; overall surgical volume was between 241 700 and 410 500 cataracts per year. There was a significant correlation between type of institution and surgical volume. Complete results available in online (https://freeonlinesurveys.com/r/W6BcLLxy).ConclusionCataract surgery related patterns of perioperative care showed significant difference among respondents, regardless to type of institution, surgical volume and country. Many evidence-based procedures are unevenly practiced around the world and some widespread and expensive habits lack solid scientific evidence while consuming enormous amount of resources both monetary and human. There is a need to reach consensus and share evidence-based practice patterns.

The Impact of Reading Competence on the Ability to Take a Perspective

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Grabe ◽  
Walt Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

Students grouped as good or poor readers on the basis of a vocabulary test were asked to read a story from a certain perspective or with instructions to read carefully. While the groups given a perspective recalled more information than the control groups, the most interesting results came from the significant interaction of reading ability, reading instruction and type of information. Relative to good readers in the control condition, good readers given a perspective responded with greater recall of information related to the perspective. The poor readers appeared unable or unwilling to use the perspective in differentially processing the perspective relevant sentences.

Scientific Evidence Based Knowledge Graph in Rare Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Ruizheng Liu ◽  
Gunjan Vatas ◽  
Andrew Clough ◽  
Yanji Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Medicine in judicial decisions concerning right to healthcare

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rocha Dias ◽  
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Based Medicine

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze, from the examination of decisions issued by Brazilian courts, how Evidence-Based Medicine was applied and if it led to well-founded decisions, searching the best scientific knowledge. Methods The decisions made by the Federal Courts were searched, with no time limits, at the website of the Federal Court Council, using the expression “Evidence-Based Medicine”. With regard to decisions issued by the court of the State of São Paulo, the search was done at the webpage and applying the same terms and criterion as to time. Next, a qualitative analysis of the decisions was conducted for each action, to verify if the patient/plaintiff’s situation, as well as the efficacy or inefficacy of treatments or drugs addressed in existing protocols were considered before the court granted the provision claimed by the plaintiff. Results In less than one-third of the decisions there was an appropriate discussion about efficacy of the procedure sought in court, in comparison to other procedures available in clinical guidelines adopted by the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) or by private health insurance plans, considering the individual situation. The majority of the decisions involved private health insurance plans (n=13, 68%). Conclusion The number of decisions that did consider scientific evidence and the peculiarities of each patient was a concern. Further discussion on Evidence-Based Medicine in judgments involving public healthcare are required.

scholarly journals The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mamédio da Costa Santos ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Evidence based practice is the use of the best scientific evidence to support the clinical decision making. The identification of the best evidence requires the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature. This article describes the use of the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question and bibliographical search.

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