scholarly journals Effects of synbiotic supplement on LPS level in Thai smokers: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Parama Pratummas ◽  
Vachrintr Sirisapsombat ◽  
Phuttharaksa Phucharoen ◽  
Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impacts of smoking on the intestinal microbiome piece and arranged assortment have been appeared in different arranged controlled and observational clinical trials in individuals. Synbiotics are utilized not fair for the progressed survival of beneficial microorganisms included to food, however in expansion for the prompting of the duplication of specific nearby bacterial strains display within the gastrointestinal tract. Aims and Objective: This research proposes the impact of synbiotic supplement on gut-brain axis in Thai smokers in the realm of gut-related biochemical parameters and cognition. Materials and Methods: We directed a single gathering, pre-and post-test study; 20 patients lived in Mahasarakham, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence at 4 or above, and no history of cerebrovascular diseases, brain and abdominal surgery, and not taking hormones or medications impacted brainwaves or utilizing antibiotics inside about fourteen days prior. Subjects were allocated to synbiotic supplement containing 3 kinds of prebiotics and 7 types of probiotics prior to sleep every day for about two months. Results:Results were estimated in gut-related biochemical parameters change and alternation in cognition. The present outcomes have indicated essentially decline in the scores of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and also the scores of craving for smoke after intervention. In additions, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma significantly decreased after the intervention. Conclusion: Further researches are obligatory to lead in finding a propensity to improve in gut-related biochemical parameter and cognition after admission of synbiotic supplement.

scholarly journals The Potential Impact of Selected Bacterial Strains on the Stress Response

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Clara Anker-Ladefoged ◽  
Thomas Langkamp ◽  
Anett Mueller-Alcazar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Level Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The composition of the microbiome is subject to a variety of factors, such as eating behavior and the history of medical treatment. The interest in the impact of the microbiome on the stress response is mainly explained by the lack of development of new effective treatments for stress-related diseases. This scoping review aims to present the current state of research regarding the impact of bacterial strains in the gut on the stress response in humans in order to not only highlight these impacts but to also suggest potential intervention options. Methods: We included full-text articles on studies that: (a) were consistent with our research question; and (b) included the variable stress either using biomedical parameters such as cortisol or by examining the subjective stress level. Information from selected studies was synthesized from study designs and the main findings. Results: Seven studies were included, although they were heterogenous. The results of these studies do not allow a general statement about the effects of the selected bacterial strains on the stress response of the subjects and their precise pathways of action. However, one of the works gives evidence that the consumption of probiotics leads to a decrease in blood pressure and others show that stress-induced symptoms (including abdominal pain and headache) in healthy subjects could be reduced. Conclusion: Due to different intake period and composition of the bacterial strains administered to the subjects, the studies presented here can only provide a limited meaningful judgement. As these studies included healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 60 years, a generalization to clinical populations is also not recommended. In order to confirm current effects and implement manipulation of the microbiome as a treatment method for clinical cases, future studies would benefit from examining the effects of the intestinal microbiome on the stress response in a clinical setting.

Impact of Pharmacist Education on Inhaler Technique and Adherence in an Outpatient Clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 001857872110468
Author(s):  
Bianca Mayzel ◽  
Sarah Muench ◽  
Colleen Lauster
Keyword(s):  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technique Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmacist Education

Background and Objectives: To assess the impact that pharmacist education has on proper inhaler technique and adherence in a teaching clinic. Methods: This was prospective, non-randomized, pre-test/post-test study. Patients were 18 years or older, had a diagnosis of asthma or COPD, and prescribed at least 1 inhaled medication. Initial visits consisted of a baseline asthma control test (ACT) or COPD assessment test (CAT), the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), and a baseline inhaler technique evaluation. The pharmacist then educated the patient. Then inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1). Follow-up visits occurred 4 to 8 weeks later. ACT or CAT and TAI test were administered and inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique #2). The primary outcome was the comparison of the percentage of correct steps performed from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #2. Results: Eighteen patients were included, with a mean age of 58 years old. Over half had asthma, were female and African American. There was a significant difference in inhaler technique from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #2. The most common step missed was no exhalation before inhalation. There was no significant difference when comparing the individual and overall TAI test scores from initial to follow up visit. Conclusions: This study supports pharmacist-led inhaler technique education.

scholarly journals The Impact of Innovative Smoking Reduction Education at Hospital Entrances: A Prospective Pre- and Post-Test Study Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Tusi-Ping Chu ◽  
Min-Li Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Lin ◽  
Mei-Yen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Background: Nurses are expected to play an important role in smoking reduction education. Although the smoking ban was enacted in Taiwan in 1997, which included the introduction of smoking-free areas around the entrances of hospitals, many smokers are still found near hospitals. Few smoking reduction programs have been initiated around hospital entrances. The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of an innovative smoking reduction education program, which was conducted by nursing students around the entrances of a teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective pre- and post-test study design was used. The smoking reduction education program consisted of posters, audio broadcasts, and dramatic performances that provided information and resources related to smoking reduction. Outcome variables included the number of smokers, number of cigarette butts on the ground, and the experiences from nursing students after conducting the program. Results: After adjusting for weather and temperature, the number of smokers decreased significantly in the afternoon and during the whole day after the implementation of the program. The number of cigarette butts significantly decreased during the implementation of the program. Conclusion: The findings reveal that alternative smoking reduction programs initiated around hospital entrances significantly reduced both the number of smokers and cigarette butts on the ground. Nursing students shared their positive experiences in conducting this study.

Does a course on the history and philosophy of chemistry have any effect on prospective chemistry teachers’ perceptions? The case of chemistry and the chemist

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sendur ◽  
M. Polat ◽  
C. Kazancı
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
State University ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Philosophy Of Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The creative comparisons prospective chemistry teachers make about “chemistry” and the “chemist” may reflect how they perceive these concepts. In this sense, it seems important to determine which creative comparisons prospective teachers make with respect to these and how these can change after the history of chemistry is treated in the classroom. This study seeks to investigate the impact of the basic History and Philosophy of Chemistry course on prospective chemistry teachers’ perceptions towards chemistry and the chemist. The study was conducted during the 2012–2013 academic year at a state university in Turkey with 38 prospective chemistry teachers. A creative comparisons questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection instruments in the study. This questionnaire was administered to the prospective teachers in the form of a pre-test, post-test, and retention test. Results of the analysis showed that the prospective teachers produced creative comparisons related to chemistry in the pre-test that mostly relied on their own experiences and observations, but that in the post-test and retention test, their comparisons mostly contained references to the role of chemistry in daily life, its development, and its facilitating aspects. Similarly, it was observed that in the pre-test, the prospective teachers made creative comparisons regarding the chemist that related mostly to the laboratory, but that the post-test and retention test rather contained the aspects of chemists as researchers, meticulous persons, facilitators and managers. Also, 18 prospective teachers were engaged in interviews to understand their prior knowledge about chemistry and the chemist, as well as the reasons for the changes in their creative comparisons. The results of the interviews indicated that a large majority of the prospective teachers were able to fully reflect on their inadequacy about their previous knowledge about “chemistry” and “chemist,” and it was seen that they could explain the reason they changed their creative comparisons as an outcome of the History and Philosophy of Chemistry course. In the light of these results, it can be said that the History and Philosophy of Chemistry course may help prospective chemistry teachers in their perceptions about both chemistry and the chemist and may add depth to their knowledge.

5S impact on safety climate of manufacturing workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddarth Srinivasan ◽  
Laura Hughes Ikuma ◽  
Mahmoud Shakouri ◽  
Isabelina Nahmens ◽  
Craig Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Management Commitment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – 5S is a commonly used Lean tool that focusses on creating an organized work environment, but the effects of 5S on safety climate are not as well studied. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of a 5S event on safety climate. Design/methodology/approach – This pre-test post-test study examines the effect of implementing 5S on safety climate of the packaging area of a manufacturing plant. Two groups of employees (case and control groups) completed a safety climate questionnaire (Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit) prior to the 5S event, one month after, and two months after. Findings – Total safety climate significantly improved for the case group but remained unchanged for the control group over the study period. Specifically, management commitment and involvement dimensions of safety climate improved for the case group. Practical implications – These results show that two important aspects of safety climate (management commitment and involvement) can be significantly, positively influenced by successful 5S events, which may translate to improved safety overall. Originality/value – Prior literature on 5S speculates a positive impact of 5S on safety and safety climate, but this assertion is not well supported with empirical evidence. This study provides quantitative measurement of positive safety climate changes that resulted from a successful 5S event. The results provide additional incentive for management to continue 5S and other Lean activities with the possibility of also improving safety.

scholarly journals Comparison of pre training and post training knowledge of hypertension among medical officers of Narmada district of Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Archana D. Asher ◽  
Varsha Y. Godbole ◽  
Kedar G. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and death. Medical officers play an important role in Indian public health care system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of training program on knowledge about hypertension among medical officers working in government health centres in Gujarat, India.Methods: A one day training program was conducted for medical officers of various Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Narmada district of Gujarat. This training focussed on screening, diagnosis and management of hypertension, essential and secondary hypertension, lifestyle modifications, various anti-hypertensive drugs and practical aspects of examining a patient with hypertension. Impact of the training program was evaluated by a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions which was used as a pre-test and a post-test.Results: A total of 30 medical officers (18 male and 12 female) attended the training. The mean age of participants was 37.4 years and average clinical experience was 11 years. The pre-test mean score of participants was 4.52 and post-test mean score was 8.44. This improvement in the post-test mean score was found to be statistically significant. On comparison of questions answered incorrectly in pre-test and post-test, we found that there was a significant reduction in the number of questions answered incorrectly in the post-test.Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of medical officers regarding screening, diagnosis and management of hypertension as a result of their training.

scholarly journals Introducing Evidence Based Orthodontics Journal Club Using A Structured Pre And Post Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Asmi Shaheen ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Arfan ul Haq ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year

Objective: To evaluate the impact of introducing evidence based orthodontics journal club on the performance of postgraduate residents using a structured pre-test and post-test. Study Design and Setting: The comparitive cross sectional study was conducted among the orthodontic postgraduate residents (n=30) of third year and final year at the orthodontic department at de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. Methodology: Present study was conducted among the orthodontic postgraduate residents (n=30) of third year and final year at the orthodontic department at de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. Questions were extracted from the journal club articles. These questions were structured and used in journal club as pre-test and post-test during the academic year 2015-16 and comparison of the performance in the pre-test and post-test over the course of the year was done. Results: The results of pre-test showed a statistically significant increase during the academic year (p=0.031). Performance in the post-test also showed a statistically significant increase during the academic year (p=0.001). Conclusion: The redesigning of structured pre and post test in orthodontic journal club resulted in significant improvement in the performance of postgraduate orthodontic residents

scholarly journals Consultant Pharmacist–Provider Collaboration in U.S. Assisted Living Facilities: A Pilot Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hohmeier ◽  
Kelsey D. Frederick ◽  
Krishna Patel ◽  
Kristi Summers ◽  
Morgan Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the impact of pharmacist-provided recommendations to general practitioners (GPs) of patients living in assisted living facilities (ALFs). A secondary objective of this study was to explore prescriber and ALF staff perceptions. This was a mixed-method, quasi experimental 1-group pre/post-test study with an explanatory qualitative arm using in-depth semi-structured interviews at five regional ALFs and one independent community pharmacy in East Tennessee. Residents older than 65 years of age, with confirmed diagnosis of Type II diabetes in the pharmacy’s medical record, taking anti-diabetic medication for at least 14 days and resident of affiliated ALF for at least past 30 days were enrolled. Phase 1 demonstrated a 35.1% (13/37 recommendations) acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations. Phase 2 demonstrated a similar 31.3% acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations (5/16 recommendations). The mean pre–post difference in average 30-day FBG was greater in the accepted group than the rejected recommendation group (−9.1 vs. −2.3 mg/dL). Pharmacist–GP collaboration in the ALF population was feasible and may improve the quality of patient care of these residents.

scholarly journals Eel Cookies Supplement and Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Aged 12–24 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Eva Aristina ◽  
Dedi Rachmadi ◽  
Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati ◽  
Hadi Susiarno ◽  
Dida Akhmad Gurnida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Randomized Control

Diarrhea is one of the main causes of death in infants and toddlers in Indonesia. The Indonesian eel is a source of animal protein that contains high nutrients, including vitamin A and zinc, so it can be used to boost immunity. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of eel cookies on the incidence of diarrhea in children. This was a double-blind randomized control trial (RCT) post-test study on 44 children aged 12–24 months at Garuda Public Health Center, Bandung city, who were selected using the simple random sampling method. The study was conducted for 2 months from January to February 2017. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results showed that there was an effect of eel cookies in reducing diarrhea incidence in toddlers (p<0.001), with no diarrhea condition seen among the toddlers among 18 children who had a history of diarrhea in the past and among 20 other children with no history of past diarrhea. In conclusion, eel cookies can reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 12–24 months. Hence, it can be used as a functional food to improve child immunity as one of the efforts to prevent infectious diseases, especially diarrhea. SUPLEMENTASI COOKIES IKAN SIDAT TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA USIA 12–24 BULANPenyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama pada bayi dan balita di Indonesia. Ikan sidat merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang banyak mengandung vitamin A dan seng sehingga dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian cookies ikan sidat terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Desain penelitian dengan randomized controll trial (RCT) posttest group design dengan double blind. Subjek penelitian adalah balita usia 12–24 bulan di Puskesmas Garuda Kota Bandung sebanyak 44 responden. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan mulai Januari–Februari 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh pemberian cookies ikan sidat terhadap penurunan kejadian diare pada balita (p<0,001), yaitu tidak ada perubahan kondisi balita dari tidak diare menjadi diare, dan terdapat 18 balita yang pernah memiliki riwayat penyakit diare mengalami perubahan setelah diberikan perlakuan sehingga tidak mengalami diare, sedangkan 20 orang di antara yang tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit diare setelah mendapatkan perlakuan tetap tidak mengalami diare. Simpulan, terdapat pengaruh pemberian cookies ikan sidat terhadap penurunan kejadian diare pada balita usia 12–24 bulan. Oleh karena itu, cookies ikan sidat dapat digunakan sebagai makanan fungsional untuk meningkatkan imunitas anak sebagai upaya pencegahan terhadap penyakit infeksi terutama diare.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Impact of Predictive Genetic Testing in Hereditary Heart Diseases: The PREDICT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Bordet ◽  
Sandrine Brice ◽  
Carole Maupain ◽  
Estelle Gandjbakhch ◽  
Bertrand Isidor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Predictive Genetic Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Predictive genetic testing (PGT) is offered to asymptomatic relatives at risk of hereditary heart disease, but the impact of result disclosure has been little studied. We evaluated the psychosocial impacts of PGT in hereditary heart disease, using self-report questionnaires (including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) in 517 adults, administered three times to the prospective cohort (PCo: n = 264) and once to the retrospective cohort (RCo: n = 253). The main motivations for undergoing PGT were “to remove doubt” and “for their children”. The level of anxiety increased between pre-test and result appointments (p <0.0001), returned to baseline after the result (PCo), and was moderately elevated at 4.4 years (RCo). Subjects with a history of depression or with high baseline anxiety were more likely to develop anxiety after PGT result (p = 0.004 and p <0.0001, respectively), whatever it was. Unfavourable changes in professional and/or family life were observed in 12.4% (PCo) and 18.7% (RCo) of subjects. Few regrets about PGT were expressed (0.8% RCo, 2.3% PCo). Medical benefit was not the main motivation, which emphasises the role of pre/post-test counselling. When PGT was performed by expert teams, the negative impact was modest, but careful management is required in specific categories of subjects, whatever the genetic test result.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document