scholarly journals COVID-19: Literature review and learning from UK Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Sarju Man Shrestha ◽  
Sudhir Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
The Right

COVID19 (Corona virus disease 2019) is an illness caused by novel corona virus, first reported from Wuhan in China in December 2019. This pandemic has spread to most of the countries of the world and has already taken a huge human toll. Transmission is mostly by the respiratory droplets and also by fomites. While most infected individuals have mild symptoms, a small but significant proportion of individuals develop severe bronchopneumonia, sometimes leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Common symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, breathlessness etc. Diagnosis is made by clinical features in the right epidemiological setting, blood tests and usually confirmed by a PCR test with a nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. Management is mainly supportive as currently there is no proven antiviral treatment. Reconfiguration of services was necessary to manage a large number of patients admitted to a UK hospital with COVID 19 disease as elective admissions were cancelled and hospital admissions due to due to other diseases significantly declined. Staff were reallocated to cope with the surge in hospital admissions. A system of training was put in place to upskill the staff. All but absolutely necessary outpatient consultations were done by telephone or videoconferencing. COVID 19 patients were cared for in dedicated areas of the hospital and strict infection control procedures were followed. Intensive care unit facilities with ventilators were rapidly expanded with involvement of operation theatre areas. Non-invasive respiratory support was provided in respiratory wards.

scholarly journals Nutritional therapy of COVID-19 disease in Intensive care units

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (83) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Biljana Damnjanović ◽  
Đuro Šijan ◽  
Ivan Rović ◽  
Igor Lazić ◽  
Saša Knežević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients

Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2) has been in the focus of scientific circles and beyond. Finding the most efficient therapeutic protocol in prevention and treatment of the new and unknown COVID - 19 (Corona Virus Disease - 2019) disease has been indentified as especially important. SARS-CoV 2 uses various mechanisms to lead patients to malnutrition, which is detected by a higher frequency of admission to hospital treatment, especially on admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Malnutrition has a negative impact on the course and outcome of the disease. In the pandemic, the number of patients on various types of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation increased, and in correlation with that, there has been a greater need for knowledge and education of staff to use different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and different approaches in feeding critically ill patients. Nutritional therapy is the basis for maintaining body weight, supporting respiratory function, as well as helping in the overall recovery of patients. Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins C and D have shown potentially beneficial effects against COVID-19 diseases. The aim of this paper is to consolidate the current knowledge and recommendations in the field of nutritional therapy in patients with COVID-19 treated in the Intensive Care Unit.

scholarly journals High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults with COVID-19 respiratory failure. A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Karamouzos ◽  
Fotini Fligou ◽  
Charalambos Gogos ◽  
Dimitrios Velissaris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
High Flow Nasal Cannula ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) continuous to spread around the globe causing high mortality, tremendous stress on healthcare systems and an unprecedented disruption of everyday life with unpredictable socioeconomic ramifications. The diseaseis typically affecting the respiratory system and some patients will develop refractory hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation. The role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or continuous positive airway pressure devices (C-PAP) in the treatment of the 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) is not yet clear. We hereby report a case of a 44-year-old COVID-19 positive male patient suffering from hypoxic respiratory failure that was successfully treated with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in a negative pressure intensive care room. Although specific criteria for the use of high flow nasal canula devices COVID-19 are not available at this time, clinicians could use this non-invasive modality as analternative method of respiratory support in selected patients presenting with respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Pekerja/Buruh yang Bekerja di Masa Darurat COVID-19 dalam Prespektif Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Risma Fitri Amalina
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Occupational Illness ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn Indonesia, currently the number of victims infected with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing, causing death. The impact of Covid-19 on the labor sector, namely company closures, delays in mobilization and decreased productivity. The research was conducted using a statutory and conceptual approach. The results showed that the Covid-19 virus was a disease caused by biological exposure factors. What employers can give workers / laborers in the work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic is the right to Occupational Safety and Health (K3). K3 is a protection that must be received by workers in order to prevent accidents in the work environment. In accordance with the mandate of the Work Safety Law and the Labor Law, workers infected with the Covid-19 virus can recover to their original state if they are given adequate health insurance by the state. However, until now there has been no latest legal regulation regarding the protection of workers who work amid Covid-19. Keywords: Occupational Health and Safety; COVID-19; Occupational Illness; Health insurance.AbstrakDi Indonesia saat ini jumlah korban yang terinfeksi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan kematian. Dampak Covid-19 pada sektor ketenagakerjaan yakni penutupan perusahaan, keterlambatan mobilisasi dan menurunnya produktivitas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa virus Covid-19 termasuk ke dalam penyakit akibat faktor pajanan biologi. Hal yang dapat diberikan pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh di lingkungan kerja selama pandemi Covid-19 adalah hak atas Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). K3 merupakan perlindungan yang wajib diterima oleh pekerja guna mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan di lingkungan kerja. Sesuai dengan amanat UU Keselamatan Kerja dan UU Ketenagakerjaan, pekerja yang terinfeksi virus Covid-19, dapat pulih seperti keadaan semula apabila diberikan jaminan kesehatan yang memadai oleh negara. Namun, sampai saat ini belum ada peraturan hukum terbaru terkait perlindungan pekerja yang bekerja ditengah Covid-19. Kata Kunci: Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja; COVID-19; Penyakit Akibat Kerja; Jaminan Kesehatan.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risks of severe events for cancer patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Su ◽  
Jie-xuan Hu ◽  
Hai-shan Lin ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Emily C. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

SummaryBackgroundThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a severe challenge to public health, especially to those patients with underlying diseases. In this meta-analysis, we studied the prevalence of cancer among patients with COVID-19 infection and their risks of severe events.MethodsWe searched the Pubmed, Embase and MedRxiv databases for studies between December 2019 and May 3, 2020 using the following key words and terms: sars-cov-2, covid-19, 2019-ncov, 2019 novel coronavirus, corona virus disease-2019, clinical, clinical characteristics, clinical course, epidemiologic features, epidemiology, and epidemiological characteristics. We extracted data following PICO (patient, intervention, comparison and outcome) chart. Statistical analyses were performed with R Studio (version 3.5.1) on the group-level data. We assessed the studies’ risk of bias in accordance to the adjusted Joanna Briggs Institute. We estimated the prevalence or risks for severe events including admission into intensive care unit or death using meta-analysis with random effects.FindingsOut of the 2,551 studies identified, 32 studies comprising 21,248 participants have confirmed COVID-19. The total prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients was 3.97% (95% CI, 3.08% to 5.12%), higher than that of the total cancer rate (0.29%) in China. Stratification analysis showed that the overall cancer prevalence of COVID-19 patients in China was 2.59% (95% CI, 1.72% to 3.90%), and the prevalence reached 3.79% in Wuhan (95% CI, 2.51% to 5.70%) and 2.31% (95% CI, 1.16% to 4.57%) in other areas outside Wuhan in China. The incidence of ICU admission in cancer patients with COVID-19 was 26.80% (95% CI, 21.65% to 32.67%) and the mortality was 24.32% (95% CI, 13.95% to 38.91%), much higher than the overall rates of COVID-19 patients in China. The fatality in COVID patients with cancer was lower than those with cardiovascular disease (OR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.71; p=0.39), but comparable with other comorbidities such as diabetes (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.42 to 4.11; p=0.19), hypertension (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.35 to 4.62; p=0.13), and respiratory diseases (OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.33; p=0.45).InterpretationThis comprehensive meta-analysis on the largest number of patients to date provides solid evidence that COVID-19 infection significantly and negatively affected the disease course and prognosis of cancer patients. Awareness of this could help guide clinicians and health policy makers in combating cancer in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.FundingBeijing Natural Science Foundation Program and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KZ202010025047).

scholarly journals The First Case of Reactive Arthritis Associated with SARS-CoV-2-Infection in A 4-Year Old Child

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gabriele Werner ◽  
Hans-Eckhard Langer
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its associated disease COVID‐19 (Corona Virus Disease 19) has become a worldwide pandemic since its first cases in December 2019 in Wuhan Province in China. In Germany the pandemic started in February 2020.Case presentation: A 4 year old boy was presented and suffered from pain in the right hip. Arthrosonography demonstrated a significant effusion in the involved joint. The extended history revealed a slight but long lasting cold before. Serological findings were inconspicuous except for positive ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) - test for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: In conclusion we believe that we can report the first case of reactive arthritis associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan tentang Kenali dan Waspada Corona Virus Diseases of 2019 (Covid-19) pada Acara Hari Bebas Kendaraan Bermotor Kota Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Russilawati Russilawati ◽  
Irvan Medison ◽  
Afriani Afriani ◽  
Yessy Susanty Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Training

Mysterious atypical pneumonia appeared abruptly in Wuhan, China in December 2019. China authority and Word Health Organization (WHO) found out the etiology on January 2020. New strain of Corona virus that eventually called by SARS-CoV2 has been responsible for the Corona virus disease of 2019 (Covid-19). The disease has ability to spread from human to human. These diseases had been pandemic since March 2020.  As the start of early spreading we need to give right information about Covid-19 to the community so that the mass panicked could be avoided. We also need to educate community to take right precaution and prevention. These activities aims to spread the right information about Covid-19 and give simple training to performed prevention act so that community can slowdown the disease transmission. Methods: the campaign and health education about covid-19 and training of cough etiquette, right steps of hand washing using water and soap or alcohol based hand rub, and also how to use face mask properly. There were 66 participants that involved in this event. Participants had actively asked information about frequency of hand washing we need to prevent transmission and travel safety. We also performed flash mob so the participants could train cough etiquette, hand washing, and using face mask in fun ways. We ended the activities with competition of hand washing and using face mask properly. The door prize for the winner was hand sanitizer and face mask that they could use as tools to prevent transmission of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Carcaterra ◽  
Cristina Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solutionand global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive and treatment strategies.Methods: One of the major challenges of this disease is the high number of patients needing advanced respiratory support due to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as the lung is the major –although not exclusive-target of the virus. The molecular mechanisms, pathogenic drivers and the target cell type(s) in SARSCoV-2 infection are still poorly understood, but the development of a “hyperactive” immune response is proposed to play a role in the evolution of the disease and it is envisioned as a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Results: Here we propose a theory by which the main targets for SARS-CoV-2 are the Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells and the clinical manifestations of the syndrome are a direct consequence of their involvement. We hypotize the existence of a vicious cycle by which once alveolar damage starts in AEC II cells, the inflammatory state is supported by macrophage proinflammatory polarization (M1), cytokines release and by the activation of the NF-κB pathway.Conclusions: If this theory is confirmed, future therapeutic efforts can be directed to target Type 2 alveolar cells and the molecular pathogenic drivers associated with their dysfunction with currently available therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Paediatric COVID-19: Milder Presentation—A Silver Lining in Dark Cloud

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Ramteke ◽  
Rajesh Tikkas ◽  
Manjusha Goel ◽  
Shipra Mandraha ◽  
Jyotsna Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Dark Cloud ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Abstract Objective To assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of paediatric patients with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during the pandemic. Methods Clinico-epidemiological and laboratory profile of children between 1 month and 14 years were studied between 15 May and 31 July 2020, who had positive nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results A total of 30 children with median age of 10.5 years (8 months to 14 years) were included in the present study. Sixty percent were boys. Twenty-seven (90%) belonged to an urban area and all 30 children were from a containment area. All were belonging to Kuppuswamy upper lower and lower socioeconomic class. Twenty-one (70%) were asymptomatic. All children had a positive household contact. Symptomatic children had only mild symptoms of fever, dry cough and rhinitis. All were fully vaccinated as per age. Nine (30%) had anaemia. The mean leucocyte count was 7470 ± 2427 (4300–14 100). Leucocytosis was seen in 3 (9%) children. C-reactive protein was found to be raised in only 4 (13%) children. We did not find alteration in sense of smell and taste. No mortality was reported. Conclusion COVID-19 in paediatric patients is usually mild. Severe acute respiratory infection is not a major manifestation of COVID 19 infection in children. All children infected by the novel Corona virus-2 in this study, have a documented household contact.

scholarly journals ROLE OF AYURVEDA AND YOGA FOR COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4211-4215
Author(s):  
Priyanka V ◽  
Yogesh Jakhar ◽  
Anupam Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Corona Virus

The outbreak of Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been recently declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by World Health Organization and the virus has now spread beyond the boundaries of countries and continents. At present, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is available or recommended to counter the COVID-19, and the potential therapy is still symptomatic. The outbreak of the Corona virus was begun in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The most common symptoms are fever, tiredness and dry cough. Some individuals also develop aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, or diarrhea. It was reported that traditional remedies may alleviate the symptoms of COVID19. Ayurveda is the world’s oldest medical system that can manage any disease without side effects. Ayurveda is equipped with varieties of treatment modalities to handle with any type of deadly diseases. However, a major drawback is a lack of adequate scientific basis. In recent time, a branch of modern medical science has developed and is known as Psycho- Neuro -Immunology. It deals with the phenomenon of how our thoughts and emotions can affect our immune system. Stress, fear and negative emotions are known to weaken our immune system while Yoga (including meditation), mindfulness, positive emotions, and relaxa-tion strengthen it. Yoga plays an important role to strengthen our immune system.

scholarly journals Screening all incoming travellers for COVID-19, What the world could learn from Qatar?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Zahid Habib ◽  
◽  
Misbah ul Haque ◽  
Yawer Hafeez ◽  
Maysaa M Ashkanani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Global Travel

Background: There is a global spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) being identified as the causative organism. This pandemic has infected over 53 million people globally causing over 1.3 million deaths resulting in lockdowns being implemented across many countries in the world. Global travel has been severely restricted especially in the early phase with far reaching social, economic and emotional implications. In addition to local measures undertaken by each country to curtail the spread of the disease, many countries implemented entry restriction on flights to reduce the risk of importing the disease by potentially infected incoming travellers. The State of Qatar eased travel restrictions from 1st of September 2020 (Phase IV of reopening of pandemic restrictions) [1]. Incoming travellers from high risk countries had to have a mandatory COVID-19 Naso-Oropharyngeal swab negative result before boarding their flight to Qatar. Then they had to commit to two weeks of compulsory quarantine. Travellers from low risk countries had to be swabbed at Hamad international airport on arrival, followed by a week’s mandatory home quarantine. All travellers had to have COVID-19 RT-PCR nasooropharyngeal swab on day 6 after arrival in Qatar. Method: We looked at the data provided by Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Qatar from 1st of September to 30th of November. This was retrospective observational study looking at the prevalence of COVID positivity of return travellers as compared to the total positive cases in the country [1]. Results: In our review, out of a total of 19,909 COVID-19 positive cases, 2692 were incoming travellers which amounts to about 14 % of total COVID positive cases in Qatar. It was also noted that with each passing day, the ratio of incoming traveller’s in comparison to the total cases have been increasing, with figures of 9% in September 2020 as compared to 21% in November 2020. Conclusion: This figure clearly shows how important it is to screen all return travellers for COVID-19 as travellers are generally asymptomatic and could potentially spread the disease in the local community. All countries should consider implementing similar policies to reduce the risks of importing COVID-19.

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