scholarly journals Amoxicillin Induced Behavioral Neurotoxicity and Histopathological Changes in Organs of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Sabita Paudel ◽  
Bijay Aryal ◽  
Sunita Ranabhat
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Background: There are various adverse drug reactions of penicillin. Neurotoxicity is attracting the attention of researchers all over the world. It also affects other organs like liver, kidney, heart and testes Methods: The study was conducted at pharmacy and pharmacology department of Gandaki Medical College (GMC) from January till April, 2018. Albino rats were divided six each in test and control group. Tests were administered amoxicillin 90mg/kg/d and control with distilled water for 10 days. After 10 days, rats were tested for neurotoxicity with rota-rod (RR) and modified forced swim test (MFST). They were then sacrificed under anesthesia, organs were dissected and sent for histopathological investigation. Results: The latency to fall from RR apparatus decreased significantly in test rats than control. (P value = 0.0001) In MFST, immobility time was significantly increased than control (P value = 0.0001). Swimming time(ST) was significantly decreased (P value = 0.001) and climbing time (CT) was not significantly altered in test rats than control (P value = 0.352). The liver enzyme, AST and ALT were significantly increased in the test rats (TR) as compared to controls. (P value 0.049 and 0.001 respectively) Brain of test rats (TR) showed shrunken neurons surrounded by perineuronal vacuolations, liver and kidney showed degenerative changes. Vacuolations and pyknotic cells were seen in spermatogonic cells. Conclusions: Neurotoxic effects were seen in test rats which recommends regulation of the administration of high dose of penicillin.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-79
Author(s):  
Qamar Zia ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Tahira Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Scores

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05. Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001. Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON THE COUNTERACTING EFFECT OF SPIRULINA AGAINST POTENTATED SULFONAMIDE’S (COTRIM DS®) SIDE EFFECTS IN RAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Islam ◽  
S. Akter ◽  
S. Bala ◽  
M. Z. Hossain ◽  
M.S. Akter
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Spirulina Maxima ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted to investigate the counteracting effects of spirulina in Long Evans rats exposed to oral potentiated sulfonamide administration. 20 rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (A, B, C and D) and were fed with standard broiler pellet (25g/rat/day) throughout the experimental period of 60 days. Rats of Group A were fed only with pellet without any experimental diet and were defined as control. Rats  of Group B were treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day orally whereas Group C was treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day plus spirulina (Spirulina maxima) @ 50 mg/rat/day orally (low dose spirulina). In Group D, potentiated sulfonamide and spirulina (Spirulina maxima) were given through feed @ 96 mg/rat/day and @ 100 mg/rat/day (high dose spirulina) respectively. Hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and absolute count of lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil) and hispathological profile of liver and kidney were recorded. The investigation revealed that the oral administration of sulfonamide significantly (p<0.01) decreased the TEC (5.93±0.24) value, number of lymphocyte (581.76±3.70) and neutrophil (581.76±3.70) compared to other treated groups and control group. On the other hand significant (p<0.01) increase (422.86±2.34) in eosinophil population has been found in rats fed on sulfonamide irrespective of spirulina supplementation on the final day of experiment compared to other treated group and control group. From this experiment it is evidenced that spirulina has a potential counteracting effect against sulfonamide. Histopathology of kidney and liver was done at the end of experiment (60 days) and no significant change was found except in the kidney of Group B and C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15650

scholarly journals Antidepressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of the aqueous extract of the Prosopis cineraria

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew George ◽  
Lincy Joseph ◽  
Abishika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Prosopis Cineraria ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
And Control

The aqueous leaves extract of Prosopis cineraria (AEPC) is used traditionally for the treatment of various CNS disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extract for antidepressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The antidepressant effect of the extract was evaluated using Forced swim test (FST). The immobility periods of control and treated mice were recorded. The antidepressant-like effect of tested compound was compared to that of imipramine (15 mg/kg. p.o). Muscle relaxant property was studied using rotarod apparatus and total fall off time for standard and control group was recorded. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds. The leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in FST. The efficacy of tested extract was found to be comparable to that of imipramine. Our results suggested that the aqueous extract of Prosopis cineraria leaves exerts antidepressant-like effect.

scholarly journals What affect heart in SAM: structure or function

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ajay Gaur ◽  
Neetu Sharma Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control

Background: Objective of present study was to assess structural and functional cardiac changes in children with severe acute malnutrition between the age of 6 month to 59 months. Setting: The study conducted in Department of paediatrics, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior. A prospective case control study. Participants: 100 cases and 100 controls enrolled based on the selection criteria, Control group was selected from patient came in Out Patient Department. Children from 6 months to 59 months of age with weight for height ranging <-3SD and/or Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <11.5 cm and/or edematous malnutrition and/or visible severe wasting). Selection of cases and control were done through random sampling method.Methods: All enrolled admitted children were stabilised after admission as per WHO protocol of management. After that they undergone echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation and data were collected and Analysed.Results: In this study, study group show decrease in dimension of heart i.e. IVSd (p-value-0.02413), LVEDd (p-value-0.0000017), PLVWd (p-value-0.01493), LVEDs (p-value-0.0000263), PLVWs (p-value-0.0000254) more affected during diastole than systole, increased HR (p-value-0.0044), shorten PR intervals (p-value-0.0001) and shorten P wave(p-value-0.000385), QT (p-value-0.044) and QTc (p-value-0.00968) as compared to control group. Pericardial effusion found in 16 cases in study group (8 mild and 8 trace).Conclusions: Early evaluation of cardiac function in malnourished child will significantly affect the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition to prevent deaths from Severe Acute Malnutrition. 

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of magnesium in rats and their effect on general behavioural parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Janko Samardzic ◽  
Kristina Savic ◽  
Dragana Baltezarevic ◽  
Radomir Matunovic ◽  
Miljana Obradovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antidepressive Effects

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element that catalyses more than 300 enzyme systems. Its effects on the central nervous system are exhibited through the blocking of activity of N-methyl D-aspartat (NMDA) receptors and potentiating of GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Due to the vast importance of these two neurotransmission systems in the fine regulation of the central integrative function activity, the aim of this research was to test the anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of magnesium, after acute and repeated application, and its influence on general behavioural parameters. In this research Wistar albino rats were treated with increasing doses of Mg chloride 6-hydrate (MgCl 10, 20, 30 mg/kg). In order to determine anxiolytic and antidepressive properties of magnesium two models were used: elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Behavioural parameters (stillness and mobility) were recorded during acute and repeated administration of the active substance. Results of EPM testing showed no significant difference between groups, p>0.05. After acute application of increasing doses of magnesium chloride hydrate in FST, we showed the statistically significant difference in immobility time between the group of animals treated with Mg and the control group treated with the solvent, p<0.01. The statistically significant difference between groups treated with the lowest and the middle dose of magnesium and the controls was observed already on the first day of examining behavioural parameters (p=0.020, p=0.010). Our research has showed that magnesium, following acute administration, increases locomotor activity, and has an antidepressive but not an anxiolytic effect.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF LOW VITAMIN D WITH PRE ECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Tufail ◽  
Sadia Shafiq ◽  
Qudsia Nawaz ◽  
Nosheen Bano ◽  
Munazzah Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
And Control ◽  
Duration Of Gestation

Objective: To determine the association of preeclampsia and vitamin D deficiency. Study design: Cohort study. Place and duration of study: Gynecology Department, Khwaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, during 01-07-2018 to 31-12-2018. Material and Methods: In this study the pregnant females irrespective of their gravida and parity status and having gestational age more than 20 weeks were included. The cases that had vitamin D level lower were labelled as cases and those with normal levels as controls. They these cases were followed monthly until delivery and during this period they were followed for protein urea and BP to label pre eclampsia. Results: In this study 100 cases were selected. 50 in each group. Mean age in case and control group was 29.57±4.57 vs 28.43±3.79 years and mean duration of gestation at presentation was 26.43±5.11 vs 27.42±5.23 weeks. There were 39 vs 41 multigravida and 37 vs 38 uneducated females in cases and control group respectively. Preeclampsia was seen in 4 (08%) of control and 14 (28%) cases with odd ration of 4.47 (1.35 to 14.75) with p value 0.01. Conclusion: There is significant association of low vitamin D level and risk of pre eclampsia. Key words; pre eclampsia, vitamin D, Hypertension.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

PENGGUNAAN SELAPUT AMNION SEGAR PADA INSISI LUKA OPERASI SEKSIO SESAREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Syahredi Syaiful Adnani ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wound Healing Time

In the last few decades, the incidence of caesarean section is increasing in the world, especially in Indonesia. One of the way to treat tissue scar is through biologic and synthetic dressing where nowadays, amnion has been used as biologic dressing frequently. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of fresh amniotic membrane on wound incision Caesarean section compared with Caesarean section incision wound covered using regular gauze bandages and fixated with plaster in RS. Dr. Reksodiwiryo Padang. The design of this study is an experimen-tal study with Post test design with control group design. Sampling was done using a formula consecutive sampling two different test samples obtained an average of 72 people for each group. The analysis used include univariate and bivariate analyzes. The average wound healing time the difference was statistically significant (p value <0.05) in the treatment and control groups. There was highly significant difference in the proportion of local infection on day 3 between the treatment and control groups (p value <0.05). There were very significant differences in the proportion of local allergic reactions at day 3, and 5 between the treatment and control group (p <0.05). There are significant differences in terms of the cost of care per day between treatment and control groups (p <0.05). From this study, the average wound healing time has a very significant difference.Keywords: Fresh Amniotic Membrane, Wound Cesarean Section, Wound Healing

Hepatoprotective Role of Propolis Extract to Prevent Hepatotoxic Effects of ATT in patients with Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2867-2869
Author(s):  
Asma Arshad ◽  
Saira Munawar ◽  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Saba Saleem ◽  
Kanwal Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of propolis in hepatocytes injury caused by ATT due to isoniazid and rifampicin. Methods: Healthy albino rats of with average weight of 200-250g were under this study. These rats dividing into main four groups, A group is taken a control group and then further into the group B, group C, and group D as group for experiments. The control group had 15 rats with measured weight, they were given distilled water. Group B had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group c had 15 rats, they were also given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group D had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid and also extract of the propolis we prepared. Results: Serum ALT in the experimental group B with group C, group D were also found to be of statistically significant with p-value < 0.001. ALT serum level observed high in group B. Multiple comparison between groups revealed that group B with a significantly increase in the serum enzyme AST level in comparison to group A, group C and group D with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: This study showed that ethanolic extract of propolis prevents isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in the albino rats. Key words; Propolis, Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Hepato-toxicity.

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